放电等离子体烧结原位制备SiC-TiC-Ti3SiC2复合材料

采用Ti,Si,C以及少量的Al,应用放电等离子体烧结设备,在1350℃烧结得到不含有TiC的SiC-Ti3SiC2复合材料,其中SiC理论体积含量为50%.材料表面气孔率为2.72%.材料的硬度为10.09 GPa,断裂韧性为5.66MPa·m1/2,硬度低的原因是由于材料不够致密.提高烧结温度到1450℃,XRD结果表明材料中有了TiC的存在,这说明提高烧结温度以后,Ti3SiC2发生了分解.但是材料表面气孔率为0.64%,材料的硬度达到了18.07 GPa,同时,材料的断裂韧性值达到了6.30 MPa·m1/2.实验表明,仅提高烧结温度100℃,使Ti3SiC2部分分解得到TiC,就能够提高材料的硬度和断裂韧性.     

热压烧结燃烧合成Ti3AlC2粉体的研究

以燃烧合成Ti3AlC2粉体为原料，研究了不同热压温度下Ti3AlC2粉体的热压烧结过程。实验结果表明，热压烧结Ti3AlC2粉体可得到Ti3AlC2致密块体陶瓷，Ti3AlC2粉体的热压烧结活性比直接使用Ti、Al（或Al4C3）和C为原料热压烧结的活性高，热压烧结温度以1400-1500℃之间为佳：烧结温度为1450℃，压力25MPa，Ar保护，保温2h的条件下，烧结Ti3AlC2粉体可得理论相对密度为99．05％，维氏硬度2．8GPa，抗弯强度426．02MPa，断裂韧性10．08MPa·m^1/2的烧结块体；烧结样品的密度和断裂韧性随烧结温度升高而增大，抗弯强度在高于1400℃时随热压温度升高而降低。     

基于非均匀成核法制备ZrB2／B4C陶瓷复合材料

以ZrOCl2·8H2O和B4C为主要原料，采用非均匀成核法、原位生成和无压烧结技术制备出ZrB2／B4C陶瓷复合材料。重点探讨了烧结温度对ZrB2／B4C陶瓷复合材料组织结构和性能的影响。结果表明，随着烧结温度的升高，ZrB2／B4C陶瓷复合材料的密度和硬度均为先升高后降低。材料的最佳烧结温度为2060℃，烧结时间为0．5h。在最佳烧结工艺条件下，ZrB2／B4C陶瓷复合材料的相对密度、硬度和断裂韧性分别为96％T．D，42．3GPa和4．7MPa·m^1/2。     

攀枝花钛精矿制取高品位氯化渣探讨

采用SPS烧结方法，通过测定密度、气孔率、硬度、抗弯强度以及组织观察，系统地研究了Al2O3对Ti3SiC2／Al2O3复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，在Ti3SiC2中添加适量Al2O3可以在强度及断裂韧性略有增加的前提下，大幅度提高材料的硬度，维氏硬度最高可达10．28GPa。当Al2O3含量过高时，材料强度、断裂韧性的下降是由于Al2O3的团聚所致。     

SPS快速反应烧结制备ZrB2-SiC复合材料及其过程研究

以Zr，B4C，Si粉为起始原料，利用放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术，在1450℃，30MPa，保温3min的条件下快速反应烧结制备得到相对致密度约为98．5％的ZrB2-SiC复合材料。制备得到的复合材料硬度约为17．2GPa，断裂韧性约为4-3MPa·m^1/2。通过对SPS过程中不同阶段试样的分析，探讨了复合材料的形成过程。结果表明：当温度达到950℃时，通过X射线衍射（XRD）观察到中间相ZrxSiy的出现，此时主相为ZrB2．随着SPS过程的进行，反应不断发生，当温度约为1250℃时，反应基本结束。     

硅树脂先驱体转化制备2DCf／Si-O-C

以二维碳纤维布、硅树脂先驱体、SiC微粉和乙醇溶剂为原料，采用PIP工艺制备了2DCf／Si-O-C材料，考察了浆料配比对材料力学性能和抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明：硅树脂／乙醇／SiC配比为3：1．2：1时所制备材料的力学性能较好，其弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达到249MPa和12．7MPa·m^1/2。与力学性能的变化趋势不同，随着浆料中SiC含量的增加，材料的抗氧化性能随之提高，硅树脂／乙醇／SiC配比为3：1．2：4时所制备材料在1300℃氧化10min后，弯曲强度和断裂韧性保留率分别达到了76．3％和83．9％，较未添加SiC微粉的2DCf／Si-O-C材料有明显提高。     

无压烧结反应合成片状TiC晶粒

采用3TiC/Si/0.2A1粉体为原料,通过无压烧结反应合成了片状TiC晶粒.采用XRD、SEM和EDS对试样的物相组成、微观形貌和微区成分进行分析.结果表明,在1100～1200℃、保温2h,原料反应合成了主相Ti3SiC2,同时含有少量TiC、SiC相;当温度为1300℃时,Ti3SiC2开始明显分解;当温度升至1350℃时,试样中Ti3SiC2完全分解,产物主要由TiC相和少量SiC组成;六方TiC晶粒边长5μm.     

原位反应合成TiN／Al2O3复合材料

以Al和TiO2为初始原料，经高能球磨及热压烧结工艺，原位合成了TiN／Al2O3复合材料。利用DTA，XRD及SEM等方法结合热力学计算，研究了该粉体的高能球磨过程和球磨粉体在后续热处理中的物相形成及转化规律。同时研究了以高能球磨及热压烧结工艺所制备的复合材料的力学性能和显微结构。结果表明：在球磨过程中粉料吸附并溶解了N2气，在后续热处理中原位反应形成了Ti2AlN相，当温度升高到一定程度时分解形成TiN，这有助于材料的致密化并使其力学性能提高。球磨粉体在1300℃、30MPa、保温、保压60min热压烧结条件下，可得到性能优异的TiN/Al2O3复合材料，该材料的抗弯强度为850MPa，断裂韧性为5．7MPa·m^1/2。     

放电等离子烧结可加工Ti2AlC陶瓷的研究

以自蔓延高温合成（SHS）的Ti2AlC粉体为原料，利用放电等离子烧结技术（SPS）研究了Ti2AlC陶瓷的烧结制备。结果表明：烧结温度1250℃，压力20MPa，真空烧结，保温5min，可获得相对密度98．6％，维氏硬度为4．3GPa的致密烧结块体；烧结样品的维氏硬度随烧结温度升高而增大，但高于1250℃后随温度升高反而减小，SPS方法烧结Ti2AlC陶瓷的最佳温度为1250℃，当烧结温度≥1350℃时Ti2AlC分解；SEM分析表明，SPS技术烧结制备的Ti2AlC陶瓷片层尺寸随烧结温度的升高而增大。     

NiO对3Y-TZP陶瓷材料性能的影响

研究了少量NiO（0．25mol％-1mol％）添加剂对3Y-TZP陶瓷材料烧结和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明：掺杂NiO可以促进3Y-TZP的烧结，并提高材料的力学性能，但添加过量则对烧结和力学性能不利。经过1400℃，2h烧成后，掺有0．5mol％NiO的试样和掺有0．75mol％NiO的试样分别具有最高的抗弯强度和断裂韧性，其值分别为419MPa和10．0MPa·mm^1/2与同样条件下制备出的纯3Y-TZP相比，试样的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别提高了22％和47％。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.