Spectrum efficiency analysis for microcellular mobile radio systems

Spectrum efficiency is analysed in a microcellular mobile radio environment considering an appropriate model for UHF ground-wave path loss. The influence of cluster size and reuse distance on the spectrum efficiency is investigated by obtaining the probability of cochannel interference for uncorrelated Rayleigh fading interferers and Rician fading desired signal. The effect of traffic intensity is also considered in evaluating the spectrum efficiency.<>     

An investigation of reservation random access algorithms for voice-data integration in microcellular wireless environments

We present the results of a simulation study that explores the performance of two promising reservation random access (RRA) protocols for transmitting voice packets over a common radio broadcast channel in a microcellular radio environment. We examine two inherently stable RRA voice protocols, RRA three cell and RRA two cell, with respect to voice transmissions under ideal and adverse channel conditions. In addition, we investigate the ability of both protocols to support efficient voice-data integration within the system. The RRA two-cell and RRA three-cell algorithms clearly mark the end of the voice contention period, thereby enabling all of the terminals within the microcell to differentiate between available voice and available data slots. Separating the two distinct types of transmissions and resolving the contending voice packets first thus enforces the priority of the voice traffic. In addition, each protocol can be combined with efficient, easy to implement, collision resolution random access protocols for transmitting data packets. Such a voice-data integration mechanism eliminates the potential voice degradation caused by competition between voice and data terminals for available slots. Our results show that the protocols provide stable and robust performance under adverse channel conditions and that they can be employed to sustain voice-data integration under heavy system loading.     

Fiber optic microcellular radio

A distributed antenna system consisting of optical fiber connected canisters is proposed to replace or supplement the base station antennas required for cell splitting of growing cellular mobile radio systems. The end-to-end linear transmission of RF signal voltage can be maintained over the wide dynamic range of mobile radio. The technical feasibility of multiplexed subcarrier transmission using available lightwave components has been verified by signal-to-noise ratio and intermodulation distortion measurements. Measurements of a two-way audio link over both simulated and real radio paths have demonstrated the compatibility of a prototype lightwave transceiver, designed for the canister, with the existing base station and mobile equipment     

Downlink power control algorithms for cellular radio systems

Power control is an effective technique to reduce cochannel interference and increase capacity for cellular radio systems. Optimum centralized power control can minimize the outage probability, but requires the information of all link gains in real time, which is very difficult to successfully implement for a large system; besides, the computational complexity of an optimum power control algorithm makes it impractical for real implementations. We propose some centralized power control algorithms with reasonable computational complexity. One of the algorithms, called the SMIRA algorithm, has an outage probability that is very close to the minimum. We also study a class of distributed power control algorithms that can achieve a balanced carrier-to-interference ratio with probability one. Among the class of algorithms, we found that the one proposed by Grandhi, Vijayan, and Goodman (1992), gives the minimum outage probability     

Performance analysis of microcellular mobile radio systems with shadowed cochannel interferers

A study is presented of microcellular mobile radio systems where the desired signal has Rician statistics and cochannel interferers experience lognormal shadowing as well as Rayleigh fading. This implies a Rician/Rayleigh-plus-lognormal microcell interference model. The probability density function of the signal-to-interference ratio is derived and used to evaluate the performance of microcellular systems in terms of the outage probability.<>     

Propagation results at 11 GHz for microcellular radio

Given the limited spectrum allocated to cellular mobile radio, the authors consider the use of microwave frequency bands where larger bandwidth allocations may be feasible. A radio network of 'microcells' has been proposed for such bands. They have conducted a propagation experiment at 11 GHz to characterise such communication channels in various environments. Results are given for rural and semi-urban environments, where propagation is found to be dominated by interference between the direct ray and a roadway-reflected ray.<>     

Rapid acquisition algorithms for synchronization of burstytransmissions in CDMA microcellular and personal wireless systems

Two rapid synchronization acquisition algorithms applicable to spread spectrum links of code division multiple access (CDMA) personal communication systems are proposed and evaluated. The algorithms operate within a self-referencing matched filter synchronizer structure, and are particularly useful in reducing synchronization overhead on links designed to carry packet-type services. The main distinguishing characteristic between the two schemes is that one uses hard-decision while the other uses soft-decision detection. The proposed schemes are especially applicable to reverse link transmissions in quasisynchronous CDMA systems in which timing at portable terminals is established via pilot and synchronization signals received on respective code-division channels from the home base. If discontinuous (bursty) transmission is used on reverse links, the acquisition process is required for each transmission burst because of the propagation time uncertainty. Analysis of the algorithms on additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels reveals that their performance depends significantly on the choice of synchronizer parameters and the average despread signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). When this choice is proper, acquisition over a single preamble of relatively short duration can be achieved with high probability. The soft-decision scheme introduces a performance advantage of between 4-9 dB depending on the length of the synchronizing preamble     

Fixed low-frequency broadband wireless access radio systems

This article provides an overview of a fixed low-frequency broadband wireless access system for point-to-multipoint voice and data applications. The operating frequency bands are from 2 to 11 GHz, and the base station can use multiple sectors and will be capable of supporting smart antenna technology. The product system requirements, design of the radio subsystem specification, as well as an analysis of microwave transmission related to current radio technologies are presented. Examples of BWA technology are provided courtesy of Harris Corporation     

Schur algorithms for joint-detection in TD-CDMA based mobile radio systems

Third generation mobile radio systems will employ TD-CDMA in their TDD mode. In a TD-CDMA mobile radio system, joint-detection is equivalent to solving a least squares problem with a system matrix that exhibits some form of block-Toeplitz structure. This structure can be successfully exploited by using variations of the Schur algorithm for computing the QR decomposition of this system matrix. Together with a displacement representation, the Schur algorithm can be straightfonvardly adapted to a wide variety of matrix structures. In this paper we show this approach for two concrete manifestations of the TD-CDMA system matrix : first for a very compact, block-Toeplitz structure ; and second for the less favorable Toeplitz-block structure that arises when decision feedback is added to the data detection process.     

Adaptive control for random access traffic in mobile radio systems

An adaptive random access control method is developed for the idle-signal-casting multiple-access (ICMA) or other random-access protocols. Its purpose is to prevent channel breakdown by controlling permission probabilities of user terminal's transmission according to the load of a random-access channel. In ICMA, a base station broadcasts an `idle' or `busy' signal to prevent collisions of random access signals from terminals. Two kinds of control parameters related to permission probabilities are used. Probability q is referred to by all user terminals attempting transmission, and probability p is referred to if a user terminal must wait for the end of another's transmission. The values of these parameters are determined according to the channel occupancy factor measured at a base station, and the base station broadcasts them to user terminals with `idle' or `busy' signals. This method can prevent channel breakdown and greatly improve channel performance under heavy-traffic conditions. Results of evaluating the method by computer simulation are discussed     

A distributed access algorithm for cellular radio systems withchannel partitioning

Previous results in distributed power control and distributed channel access have demonstrated the possibility of high-capacity cellular radio networks without central control. However, these distributed algorithms may not converge completely in practical systems where the rate of channel variation (due to mobility, handoff, or interfering users entering or leaving the channel) approaches the rate at which power levels can be accurately measured and adjusted. We propose a new channel partitioning technique in which both dynamically allocated and fixed assignment channels are employed. This technique enables rapid distributed access that is inherently fair. Simulation results indicate that it is robust in responding to user mobility and handoff while yielding significant capacity gains over traditional fixed assignment systems     

Fast algorithms for training stack filters

Stack filters constitute a class of nonlinear digital filters possessing a weak superposition property. In the paper, fast algorithms for training stack filters are introduced. The first algorithm is based on a technique previously developed. Similar to the previous algorithm, this improved method requires only simple arithmetic operations-increment, decrement, and local comparison. The ϵ-convergence property of the fast algorithm is established. In addition, two fast training algorithms are developed for a subclass of stack filters called weighted order statistic filters. These fast algorithms are variants of the LMS and RLS algorithms in linear filters. All three fast algorithms developed exploit the repetition property of the training input. The factor of speedup is approximately the ratio between the number of quantization levels of the input and the window size     

微小区中电波传播信道的相关性分析

为了能在极度复杂的无线环境中充分发挥MIMO系统的优越性,需分析无线传播环境对系统的影响,特别是在MIMO系统中,信道的相关性会对系统尤其是系统容量造成很大的影响.基于通用的微小区信道椭圆模型,通过几何方法,得到了微小区中信道间相关系数的封闭解表达式,通过仿真说明了在微小区中相关系数与发射、接收端天线阵阵元间距之间的关系,为在MIMO中消除相关性的影响提供了有效的工具.     

Bit error probabilities of NCFSK and DPSK signals in microcellular mobile radio systems

Microcellular mobile radio systems are studied where the desired signal has Rician statistics and the cochannel interferers experience Rayleigh fading. The probability density function of the signal-to-interference ratio is derived and is used to obtain the bit error probabilities of noncoherent frequency shift-keying and differential phase shift-keying signals.<>     

认知无线电网络频谱感知与接入算法研究

在对认知无线电网络频谱感知和接入研究成果进行分析的基础上,文章首先讨论了认知无线电网络频谱感知的基本方法以及协作频谱感知、单智能体和多智能体强化学习算法,比较了各种算法的优缺点,并展望了这一领域未来研究的方向。     

A framework for investigating radio resource management algorithms in TD-SCDMA systems

TDD-CDMA, globally recognized as the basis for Chinese 3G, is designed for symmetrical and asymmetrical 3G mobile services. As a time-division duplexing system, TD-SCDMA works in unpaired frequency allocations, supporting the flexible allocation of uplink/downlink slots in one carrier, and adapting to the different system loads between uplink and downlink. Dynamic time slot allocations make it more spectrally efficient than paired uplink/downlink carriers. Consequently, TD-SCDMA can make full use of the radio spectrum through optimal adaptive radio resource allocation. In order to support peak rates of 5 Mb/s or higher, the TD-SCDMA standard is enhanced via high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) mode. In this article the properties and strategies of radio resource management (RRM) are introduced, and the differences in admission control, power control, handover, load control, dynamic channel allocation, and adaptive HSDPA techniques between TDD-CDMA and the conventional FDD-CDMA system are analyzed. Some advanced strategies and architectures for TDD-CDMA RRM algorithms are presented. Since uplink multi-user detection (MUD) and smart antenna (SA) techniques are adopted in TD-SCDMA, the RRM algorithms based on MUD and SA are investigated further. In addition, these advanced RRM algorithms are characterized by an OPNET-based dynamical system-level simulator.     

Future broadband radio access systems for integrated services withflexible resource management

The current challenge in radio networks is to provide integrated broadband services to everybody. The realization of this goal is dependent on both the development of products for the mass market and the improvement of the systems that support these products. New cellular mobile, fixed terrestrial, and satellite systems are being developed to provide broadband integrated services. The users of these new systems will not need, or even want, to know which particular systems are used to access the requested services. The users may negotiate terms of delivery, such as data rate and quality of service, but the actual system of delivery should be transparent. In order to both achieve transparent service delivery and ensure efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum, a flexible and scaleable resource management system is needed. This article highlights the development trends that will form the basis of future network systems and presents some suggestions for the management and control of these systems     

Rate of convergence for minimum power assignment algorithms in cellular radio systems

In wireless communication systems, mobile users adapt to a time varying radio channel by regulating transmitter powers. This power control is intended to provide each user an acceptable connection, as measured by a carrier to interference ratio (CIR), by eliminating unnecessary interference. It is important that a power control algorithm can converge quickly to a fixed point at which either all users have acceptable connections or an infeasibility can be detected. In this work, we show that an iterative power control and base station assignment algorithm based on CIR measurements converges to a unique fixed point at a geometric rate. This conclusion is shown to hold even if some or all of the users are subject to maximum power constraints. The rate of convergence is evaluated by simulation of a one dimensional CDMA system. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Rate of convergence for minimum power assignment algorithms in cellular radio systems

In wireless communication systems, mobile users adapt to a time varying radio channel by regulating transmitter powers. This power control is intended to provide each user an acceptable connection, as measured by a carrier to interference ratio (CIR), by eliminating unnecessary interference. It is important that a power control algorithm can converge quickly to a fixed point at which either all users have acceptable connections or an infeasibility can be detected. In this work, we show that an iterative power control and base station assignment algorithm based on CIR measurements converges to a unique fixed point at a geometric rate. This conclusion is shown to hold even if some or all of the users are subject to maximum power constraints. The rate of convergence is evaluated by simulation of a one dimensional CDMA system.     

Signaling stack design for wireless ATM access networks

One of the challenges in designing a wireless ATM network is to specify control functions capable of managing data and signaling connections of moving mobile terminals. The challenge is tough, due to the facts that such control functions neither exist in the current state-of-the-art wireless networks nor are included in the existing ATM specifications and implementations. This article describes the design principles of a wireless ATM signaling stack created in the WAND project. The article identifies some common problems and presents possible solutions to the problems. To justify the feasibility of the ideas presented, some details of a reference implementation, the Wireless ATM Network Demonstrator (WAND) signaling stack, are revealed