WAVE DIFFRACTION ON ARC-SHAPED BOTTOM-MOUNTED BREAKWATERS

1. INTRODUCTION Various types of breakwaters are common coastal structures to shelter harbors and s mall crafts fromthe direct attack of waves . Of these , the arc-shaped bottom-mounted breakwater is com- mon. This type of breakwaters , whose horizontal section is an arc shape ,is usually situated on the seabed and extended to above the water surface . Many researchers have performed a variety of studies on the wave diffraction performance of many kinds of breakwaters . Penney and Price …     

V形贯底式防波堤上波浪作用力的解析研究

用解析方法计算V形贯底式防波堤在波浪绕射作用下周围流域任意点的速度势,研究波浪作用在V形贯底式防波堤上的波浪力。假定防波堤刚性、薄壁、不透浪、水深恒定。假想的圆柱面将整个流场划分为三个区域,分别在每个区域内将速度势用特征函数展开,然后在公共边界上按照速度连续,速度势连续的原则进行匹配,求得流域中任意一点的速度势和作用在V形贯底式防波堤上的总波力和总波力矩。数值结果给出了作用在防波堤上的波浪力随防波堤张角、入射波波长、入射角变化的曲线。结果表明:作用在V形贯底式防波堤上的波浪力与水深、防波堤的张角、入射波的波长等因素有关。     

浅水波与圆弧型贯底式防波堤的相互作用

该文基于椭圆余弦波绕射理论,应用特征函数展开法,推导了浅水波对圆弧型贯底式多孔介质防波堤绕射的波势解,并据此解析计算了作用于防波堤的水平波浪载荷与浅水波波面分布。计算结果表明:浅水波入射角与非线性影响参数、海况条件以及防波堤几何条件等因素的相对变化对波浪作用均存在一定的影响,结构透空可以明显减弱防波堤所受波浪作用。与微幅波理论对比可知:在一定浅水条件下采用椭圆余弦波一阶分量模型所计算的最大无量纲波浪力、力矩和波面分布值均明显高于微幅波理论的对应估值,反映了水波非线性因素的影响效应。     

波浪对圆柱外接圆弧型防波堤绕射的解析计算

在微幅波绕射理论的基础上,使用特征函数展开法,推导了圆柱外接圆弧型防波堤复合结构的水波绕射的解析解,并据此计算了该结构所受到的波浪载荷以及绕射波面分布。计算结果表明:与单一圆柱相比,外接圆弧型防波堤的存在可明显降低作用于圆柱的波浪载荷和圆柱表面的波浪爬高;采用外接堤表面密实或透空而内圆柱表面透空的结构形式可以取得圆柱防浪的较佳效果;结构透空系数、波浪入射角度、外接堤张角、外堤半径与水深比、水深与波长比等因素的变化对绕射波浪作用均存在一定影响。     

Time-domain hydrodynamic analysis of pontoon-plate floating breakwater

The hydrodynamic behaviors of a floating breakwater consisting of a rectangular pontoon and horizontal plates are studied theoretically. The fluid motion is idealized as two-dimensional linear potential flow. The motions of the floating breakwater are assumed to be two-dimensional in sway, heave, and roll. The solution to the fluid motion is derived by transforming the governing differential equation into the integral equation on the boundary in time domain with the Green’s function method. The motion equations of the floating breakwater are established and solved with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to obtain the displacement and velocity of the breakwater. The mooring forces are computed with the static method. The computational results of the wave transmission coefficient, the motion responses, and the mooring forces of the pontoon-plate floating breakwater are given. It is indicated that the relative width of the pontoon is an important factor influencing the wave transmission coefficient of the floating breakwater. The transmission coefficient decreases obviously as the relative width of the pontoon increases. The horizontal plates help to reduce the wave transmission over the floating breakwater. The motion responses and the mooring forces of the pontoon-plate floating breakwater are less than those of the pontoon floating breakwater. The mooring force at the offshore side is larger than that at the onshore side.     

浮式防波堤研究进展

浮式防波堤与其他传统防波堤相比,可适应水深较大、地基软弱、大潮差和引入水体交换等情况,在港口海岸工程、海洋工程以及海水养殖等诸多领域具有广阔应用前景。对国内外浮式防波堤的主要研究成果和进展进行了综述,从理论推导、经验公式和数值计算3个方面归纳和总结了浮式防波堤波浪透射系数的计算方法。介绍了浮式防波堤结构型式的研究进展,重点分析了浮箱式、浮筒式、浮筏式及其相应改进结构等不同型式浮式防波堤的消浪原理和消浪效果,分析比较了不同结构型式浮式防波堤的优缺点。最后介绍了浮式防波堤在国内外的工程应用,并分析了限制浮式防波堤应用的主要原因,指出了目前浮式防波堤研究方面的不足,以及推广应用浮式防波堤需要进一步研究的内容。     

Experimental study on wave-current structure around a pneumatic breakwater

A model of a pneumatic breakwater comprised of perforated pipes placed on a wave flume bottom and connected to a piston-type air compressor is installed in a wave flume. Ascending air bubbles form an aerial barrier which dissipates wave energy and reduces the height of transmitted waves. The model is exposed to regular waves with fixed parameters, and its properties are modified by changing the amount of air supplied to the pipes. Particle Image Velocimetry and Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry methods are employed to measure a wave-current velocity field in the close vicinity of a submerged aerial barrier used as a breakwater. The measurements are supported by free-surface elevation registration in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the pneumatic breakwater in damping waves and to identify processes responsible for wave energy dissipation. Basing on the measurements, the performance of the pneumatic breakwater in different wave conditions is analysed. The results indicate that the dissipation of energy inside a region of a turbulent flow induced by ascending air bubbles may be considered the main mechanism of wave energy attenuation by pneumatic breakwaters.     

直立堤前能谱与反射系数和底流速的综合分析

通过波谱分析的方法，研究了堤前能谱，反射系数和底流速的各自分布规律，分析了它们的相互关系：从堤前能谱表达式推导出反射系数的表达式，并将该反射系数用于求堤前任意位置的底流速，给出了堤前与入射波的底流速的统一形式，实验及计算表明，在无基床条件下得到的堤前能谱和底流速关系可推广到低基床的相应情况。     

Wave characteristics of Bragg reflections from a train of submerged bottom breakwaters

The wave characteristics of Bragg reflections for a train of surface water waves from a series of submerged bottom breakwaters were investigated numerically. A numerical model based on boundary discretization technique was developed to calculate the wave field. The computational results were validated by comparing with analytical solutions in the literature. The wave fields induced by two types of bottom breakwaters in the shapes of rectangular and trapezoidal with various formations of the breakwater trains were simulated to study the wave characteristics. Variables investigated included the number of the breakwaters in the train, the height and width of the breakwaters, and the side slope of the trapezoidal breakwaters. Certain notions with regard to the application of shoreline protections were addressed based on the results.     

废旧轮胎浮式防波堤模型试验

依据水弹性相似理论设计小比尺的废旧轮胎浮式防波堤模型,该模型试验结果与原型结果吻合较好,验证了废旧轮胎浮式防波堤模型试验所取的相似关系是合理的,试验技术是可行的。研究废旧轮胎浮式防波堤结构衰减波能量的机理,探讨结构相对堤宽、锚链拖地长度、锚链刚度对废旧轮胎浮式防波堤消浪性能及锚链力的影响。在该试验范围内,当堤宽大于0.6倍波长时,透射系数小于0.5,锚链刚度和锚链拖地长度对透射系数的影响不明显。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF NONLINEAR WAVE TRANSFORMATION AROUND WAVE-PERMEABLE STRUCTURE

1.INTRODUCTION Thedevelopmentofbreakwaterdesignmeth odologyoftenrequireaconditionofpermittingfor protectionofecosystem,itisalsoanalternativeto massivegravitybreakwatersinreductionofwave transmissioninshallowwater.Thetheoreticalso lutionsofwavepermeablebreakwatersdiversified indifferentexpressionsoftheenergydamping term,duetolaminarandturbulentflowintheper meablestructures.Theporositysolution[1]isbased onatrialmethod,andanumberofauthorssolve theproblembydifferentnumericalapproach[27].Inpre…     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON A NEW KIND OF OPEN TYPE BREAKWATERS

A new kind of open type breakwaters was proposed based on the concept of wave energy conversion. The excellent feature of the structure is that it can absorb and utilize the wave energy to dissipate waves. The effects of some factors, such as the configuration insides, the geometrical parameters and the relative width (the ratio of the width to the wave length), on the performance of the breakwater were discussed based on a series of regular wave tests in the wave flume. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the new open type breakwater were analyzed in detail, and the structure was optimized to improve the performance of the breakwater to effectively dissipate the waves with long period. The variation of the coefficients of wave transmission and reflection along with attenuation with respect to relative width was examined. The results of the physical model tests indicate that the transmission coefficient significantly decreases by about twenty percent at the range of relative width from 0. 1 to 0.2, compared with the traditional open type breakwaters.     

柔性浮式防波堤消浪特性研究

针对圆柱形柔性浮式防波堤的消浪效果展开断面试验研究,分析其在规则波和不规则波作用下的消浪特性。通过大量水槽试验给出了圆柱形柔性浮式防波堤透射系数、反射系数、衰减系数与锚固方式、试验水深、相对宽度的变化关系。研究结果表明:该结构形式的浮式防波堤对短周期波浪消浪效果明显,而对长周期波浪消浪效果不佳;锚固方式和水深对消浪效果的影响较小;相对宽度是影响消浪效果的主要因素。研究成果可为由该结构连接成的"V"形浮式防波堤的锚固方式和摆放角度的设计提供参考。     

数字波浪槽在防波堤预设计中的应用

传统的以物理模型进行的防波堤断面实验被以计算机进行的数字波浪槽代替,边界造波为Bretschneider/Mit-suyasu波浪谱,防波堤断面根据海港水文规范(简称“规范”)设计。以改进的Boussinesq波浪方程,通过引入波浪反射项以数值模拟实现了波浪在水槽中传播的全过程。通过数值水槽获得了波浪在本文防波堤断面前0.45的反射系数,将数值模拟的结果和规范中的反射系数进行了对比得出,数字波浪水槽有满意的精度以及在规范中使用了一定的安全系数,表明数字波浪槽在防波堤的预设计中有重要作用。     

斜向随机波对直立堤作用的试验研究

通过斜向随机波对直立堤作用的试验，研究了作用在直立堤上的单位堤长波浪力随波浪入射角的变化．讨论了波浪力沿堤长的纵向分布，以及单元堤长对波浪力纵向折减的影响．给出了波浪力纵向分布系数和折减系数与相对堤长的关系式．     

AN OPTIMIZATION OF EIGENFUNCTION EXPANSION METHOD FOR THE INTERACTION OF WATER WAVES WITH AN ELASTIC PLATE

The hydroelastic interaction of an incident wave with a semi-infinite horizontal elastic plate floating on a homogenous fluid of finite depth is analyzed using the eigenfunction expansion method. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible and the wave amplitudes are assumed to be small. A two-dimensional problem is formulated within the framework of linear potential theory. The fluid domain is divided into two regions, namely an open water region and a plate-covered region. In this paper, the orthogonality property of eigenfunctions in the open water region is used to obtain the set of simultaneous equations for the expansion coefficients of the velocity potentials and the edge conditions are included as a part of the equation system. The results indicate that the thickness and the density of plate have almost no influence on the reflection and transmission coefficients. Numerical analysis shows that the method proposed here is effective and has higher convergence than the previous results.     

RESEARCH ON WAVE FORCES ACTING ON THE UNIT LENGTH OF A VERITICAL BREAKWATER BY TESTS AND A NUMERICAL MODEL

1. INTRODUCTION Foretime, the design of coastal structures has been based on the formulae developed for head-on unidirectional waves. On the one hand, waves usually attack a breakwater obliquely, forming a short-crested wave system in front of the breakwa…     

新型透空组合板式防波堤结构型式及消浪特性分析

为提高透空式防波堤的消浪性能并减小结构受力,在前人研究基础上提出了一种新型透空组合板式防波堤,比较分析了该型式的防波堤(模型c)与另外两种型式的防波堤(模型a和模型b)的结构特点。通过物理模型试验,探讨了模型c在不同影响因素下的消浪特性,并对比分析了模型a与模型c的透射系数、反射系数和能量耗散系数在不同相对堤宽下的变化关系,比较了两种模型的消浪效果。分析得出,由于模型c兼具开孔水平板式防波堤和开孔挡板式防波堤的作用,模型c的波浪反射小于模型a,消浪效果优于模型a,且模型c这种结构能有效减小防波堤结构受力;当模型宽度和相对间隙比同时较大时消浪效果更好,防波堤出水后的消浪性能要优于淹没状态下的防波堤。     

WAVE DISSIPATING PERFORMANCE OF AIR BUBBLE BREAKWATERS WITH DIFFERENT LAYOUTS

The wave dissipating performance of air bubble breakwaters with different layouts is studied by experimental and numerical methods in this article. Based on the assumpation that the mixture of air and water is regarded as a variable density fluid, the mathematical model of the air bubble breakwater is built. The numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental data, which shows that the mathematical model is reasonable for the transmission coefficient Ct_m. The influencing factors are studied experimentally and numerically, including the incident wave height H_i, the incidentt wave period T, the air amount Q_m, the submerged pipe depth D and the single or double air discharging pipe structure. Some valuable conclusions are obtained for further research of the mechanism and practical applications of air bubble breakwaters.     

波浪荷载对半圆型潜堤作用的数值分析

基于动量源数值造波原理,运用Fluent软件模拟了半圆型潜堤表面波压的分布及变化规律,采用π定理分析了波陡、水深及波长对半圆型潜堤表面波浪力的影响,并通过统计潜堤表面各点所受压力（最大波压力与最小波压力的差值）最大值的分布,给出了半圆型潜堤表面压力最大值出现的位置及概率.分析结果表明,在水深较深时,波陡的改变会使波压力在堤顶至背浪侧发生明显变化;水深波长比的改变,会引起半圆堤两侧波压力不同的变化;波压力的最大值一般发生在堤顶处及其偏向背浪侧附近;半圆堤面上的动波压力最大值主要出现在两侧堤脚附近,随着波高的增加,堤面上各点的动波压力由近似对称分布向两侧受力不同转变.