固定化丙酸菌发酵底物的研究

本文主要研究了不同底物葡萄糖，乳酸，葡萄糖和乳酸的混合物对固定化丙酸菌发酵的影响。实验结果表明以葡萄糖为底物其最适浓度为40g／L，丙酸产量达0．32g／L；以乳酸为底物其最适浓度为40g／L丙酸产量达0．22g／L；以葡萄糖和乳酸为混合底物的最适浓度为葡萄糖10g／L 乳酸40g／L，丙酸产量为0．48g／L；混合底物比单一底物更有利于丙酸的生产。     

新型混菌发酵制备丙酸工艺及其优化

以产酸丙酸杆菌和酵母菌为菌种,进行混菌发酵制备丙酸的工艺研究,并探索最优工艺条件。通过单因素实验和正交优化实验确定了最优发酵工艺条件为:酿酒酵母为辅助菌,接种比例为Pa∶Sc=2.5∶1,接种间隔时间为8h,发酵温度为30℃,以NaOH(2mol/L)溶液为中和剂,采用自动流加方式,发酵时间为180h。优化后的混菌发酵工艺能有效提高丙酸产量,丙酸产量达24.16g/L,与纯菌发酵相比提高46.34%。      

固定化丙酸菌的初步研究

对丙酸菌固定化的条件进行了研究,固定于海藻酸钠、琼脂、卡拉胶3种载体上的丙酸菌的分批发酵的结果表明,海藻酸钠包埋丙酸菌活性最高。在文中实验条件下,用于固定化的最适海藻酸钠的浓度为4 %。固定化颗粒的直径大小,固定化细胞的质量与发酵液体积比等对产酸速率都有影响。4℃储存4 5d的固定化细胞,其发酵产丙酸活性经4批实验后仍与储存前基本相同。在最适条件下,连续13批次的发酵实验表明,固定化细胞稳定,凝胶颗粒强度无变化,适于连续化生产。与游离丙酸菌比较,固定化细胞的丙酸生成速度加快,丙酸产量明显提高     

丙酸高产菌株的固定化方法研究

主要研究了丙酸菌高产丙酸的固定化方法。采取吸附-包埋结合法,先以麸皮进行吸附,再用海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇进行包埋的方法来制备固定化细胞。通过正交实验,确定了丙酸菌高产丙酸的固定化条件:菌液与麸皮比例为5mL∶0.6g,吸附时间为15min,包埋剂选用30g/L海藻酸钠和30g/L聚乙烯醇混合物。此条件下,固定化丙酸菌Pf 007,包埋效率达到96.65%,发酵丙酸产量可以达到5.05 g/L,比游离丙酸杆菌Pf 007的丙酸产量(2.17g/L)提高133%。     

共固定化多元混菌发酵功能稻米乳饮料的研究

以活性糙米为原料，采用多元混菌细胞固定化发酵技术生产功能稻米乳饮料的发酵条件进行了研究。实验结果表明：最佳发酵工艺为，多菌种接种配比为根霉：酿酒酵母：产香酵母：嗜酸乳酸菌为4：2：2：1；固定化细胞凝胶粒子接种量为10％；发酵温度为25℃；固定化细胞发酵时间为48～80h。     

丙酸菌代谢乳酸特征的研究（第1报）

将丙酸菌应用于浓香型大曲酒生产,对丙酸菌代谢乳酸的特征做了研究。结果表明:①本所分离得到的C_2-08丙酸菌以乳酸(1266mg/ml)为底物(pH7)发酵一周,乳酸降解率为100％,代谢产物为丙醋和乙酸,比例为3.07:1;②该菌的pH活性曲线表明,pH4～7均能生长,以pH7最快,pH5最适宜;③pH5培养液的生物量随乳酸含量的增加而增加;④丙酸菌在葡萄糖与乳酸共存时,乳酸降解率随葡萄糖浓度增加而随之高于葡萄糖转化率。在2％乳酸钠溶液含3％葡萄糖量发酵4天时,乳酸降解率为95.02％,葡萄糖转化率为55.12％;而含2％葡萄糖量时则乳酸降解率为78.98％,葡萄糖转化率为61.88％;⑤在pH4～5黄水稀释液中发酵结果得出该菌只利用乳酸为碳源,培养一周乳酸降解率达85％～95％以上。不利用己酸及其它有机酸。     

响应面法优化产酸丙酸杆菌丙酸发酵条件的研究

采用Box-Behnken设计和响应面分析法(Response surface methodology,RSM),以产酸丙酸杆菌发酵甘油产丙酸的3个关键因素(培养温度、pH和接种量)为自变量,以丙酸产量为响应值,对上述因素的最佳水平范围进行了探讨与优化。实验结果表明,培养温度和pH对丙酸产量有显著性影响,并据此建立了相关的数学模型。得到的工艺参数的优选结果是:培养温度为29.75℃、pH为6.61、接种量为6.15%(v/v),丙酸产量最大预测值为17.96g/L。经过优化,丙酸产量提高了27.9%,实验值与预测值基本相符。     

响应面法优化P.acidipropionici产酸发酵培养基

利用响应面分析法优化产酸丙酸杆菌发酵产酸培养基.在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken试验设计,选定甘油、混合氮源(酵母提取物:胰酶大豆肉汤=2∶1)和磷酸氢二钾3个关键因子为响应因子,以丙酸产量为响应值建立多元二次回归方程,在分析各个因素的显著性和交互作用后,确定了产酸丙酸杆菌发酵产酸的最优培养基为:甘油44.4g/L、混合氮源(酵母提取物:胰酶大豆肉汤=2∶1)27.0g/L、K2HPO4 2.0g/L,丙酸产量最大预测值为20.75g/L.经过优化,丙酸产量提高了151％,实验值与预测值基本相符.     

特香型酒糟醅及大曲中丙酸产生菌的筛选

采用常规和燃烧厌氧法分离大曲和窖池中的丙酸产生菌。结果表明,两种方法均能分离到产丙酸的细菌;上层糟醅中丙酸乙酯的含量较中下层要高。从上层糟醅及大曲中分离得到的产丙酸细菌较为理想,产丙酸比较集中,其中产丙酸量最高的菌株为2号,产量为0．063g／L。     

混种固定化细胞发酵海藻豆乳醋酸饮料的研究

以海藻汁液和大豆浆混合液为原料，固定化清酒酵母或产香酵母A-2于25℃或30℃发酵12h，再接种固定化醋酸杆菌于35℃发酵18h，发酵液经过滤后，制成海藻豆乳醋酸饮料，经测定该饮料总酸含量为4．2g／L-4．5g／L，总酯含量为1．6g／L-1．8g／L，乙醇含量为0．83%-0．86％（v／v），碘含量为15mg／L-16mg／L。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the