准一维纳米材料的研究现状

自从碳纳米管被发现以后,一维纳米材料作为纳电子器件的重要组成部分,其合成、材料物性以及应用已经引起了人们的广泛重视.本文从一维纳米材料的制备入手,讨论了一维纳米材料的的制备方法及其各自特点,分析了一维纳米材料形成机制,并对其表征方法做了简单的介绍,根据其特殊性能分析其潜在应用.     

一维纳米材料的研究进展

一维纳米材料因其优异的光学、电学及力学性能等特性而引起了凝聚物理界、化学界和材料界科学家们的关注,近年来成为纳米材料研究的热点.综述了一维纳米材料的种类,常用制备方法;介绍了一维纳米材料制备的最新进展,以及一维纳米材料的应用.     

一维ZnO纳米材料的溶液法合成及光催化性能的研究现状

溶液法合成一维ZnO纳米材料是目前最常用、最经济的方法。综述了溶液法合成一维ZnO纳米材料的流程、原理以及制备工艺对一维ZnO形貌和结构的影响,并对其光催化性能的研究现状及发展趋势进行了总结和展望,为开展溶液法合成一维ZnO纳米材料及性能研究提供一定的指导。     

氧化物辅助生长硅纳米线

氧化物辅助生长机理是近年来在合成硅纳米线的过程中发展起来的一种研究一维纳米材料生长的机理,根据此机理已经制备出了多种一维纳米材料.介绍了氧化物辅助生长机理及其根据此机理制备硅纳米线的制备方法,载气、压力及原料等不同条件对合成硅纳米线的影响等进展情况,并对其发展作了展望.     

一维纳米结构材料研究进展

一维纳米材料在纳米电子学、纳米光电子学、超高密度存储和扫描探针显微镜等领域具有潜在的应用前景,已成为21世纪材料领域研究的热点.本文介绍了一维纳米材料的特性和制备方法,并阐述了一维纳米材料的应用状况和前景,以及国内外在一维纳米材料方面的研究进展.     

水热碳化法制备碳纳米材料

形态可控的碳纳米材料由于独特的结构和性能而受到研究者的普遍关注,常见的制备方法有化学气相沉积法(CVD)、乳液法和水热碳化法等。水热碳化法是一种重要的碳纳米材料制备方法,具有成本低、反应条件温和、产物粒径均匀且形态可控等特点。综述了近年来以糖类及淀粉等有机物为原料,采用水热碳化法制备各种形态可控碳纳米材料的研究现状,重点介绍了水热碳化工艺条件对合成碳微球、空心碳微球、核壳结构碳复合材料显微形貌的影响,并提出了水热碳化法制备碳纳米材料研究中存在的问题和今后可能的发展方向。     

水热法在制备电子陶瓷粉体中的应用

近年来,水热法用于纳米粉体和纳米材料制备,超导材料处理等前沿课题的研究,已引起人们的高度重视,按研究对象和目的的不同,水热法可分为水热晶体生长,水热合成,水热反应,水热处理,水热燃结等,分别用来生长各种单晶,制备超细,无团聚或少团聚,结晶完好的陶瓷粉体,以及在相对较低的温度下完成某些陶瓷材料的合成等,对水热技术的原理和发展,以及该技术在电子陶瓷粉体制备中的应用进行了介绍。     

一维硅纳米材料形貌的研究

一维硅纳米材料是重要的纳米电子器件材料,由于其形貌不同,导致的电学等特性也不相同,因此一维硅纳米材料的形貌是重要的研究内容之一.一维硅纳米结构包括纳米线、纳米带及纳米管等,同种一维硅纳米材料由于制备方法不同其形貌也不相同.评述了一维硅纳米材料的形貌及其制备方法.     

一维纳米材料的电化学制备及应用研究

综述了阳极氧化模板法、恒电位电沉积法、脉冲电沉积法制备一维纳米材料的机理,讨论了纳米材料的成核与生长的热力学和动力学,并结合电化学合成方法目前的应用和研究进展展望了一维纳米材料的电化学合成的前景.     

高频热等离子体制备形状可控的一维结构纳米材料

介绍了采用高频热等离子体宏量制备ZnO、ZnS和A1N等一维结构纳米材料。研究了不同工艺条件对形貌的影响；采用锌粉为原料，成功制备了不同长径比的氧化锌纳米棒；同样，采用锌粉和硫粉混合物为原料，获得了均匀的棒状和四角状等不同形貌的一维结构纳米ZnS；采用铝粉与氨气在等离子体中的反应，获得了一维结构纳米A1N。通过控制不同的参数可以调控合成产物的大小、长径比和形貌等。在等离子体合成过程中，合成产物可以达到50g／min，而且，产物的大小和形貌均匀。XRD、SEM、HRTEM和拉曼光谱等表征了合成产物的结构和形貌。在高频常压热等离子体合成过程中，一维结构纳米材料的生长过程只有数秒，而合成的一维纳米材料的长度甚至可以达到几十微米。通过分析发现，在等离子体合成过程中，一维纳米材料的生长符合VS机制，而且，生长过程是双向进行的。     

纳米材料在食品包装中的研究进展

目的介绍几种常用纳米材料在食品包装中的应用,总结食品包装中纳米材料的检测技术及表征方法,并对其安全性进行评估。方法介绍纳米银、纳米氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米氧化硅、纳米黏土、纳米分子筛以及其他纳米复合材料在食品包装中的应用,列举食品包装中纳米材料的表征手段,如成像显示技术、色谱质谱技术和光谱分析技术等,并对食品包装中纳米材料的迁移风险和毒理学问题进行探讨。结论纳米材料的存在能有效改善食品包装材料在保鲜效果、抗菌能力以及阻隔性能方面的特性,具有广阔的市场应用前景。此外,食品包装材料的安全性不容忽视,还应加强对食品接触用纳米材料的风险评估体系的研究。     

纳米粒度仪在无机功能材料研究中的应用

纳米粒度仪是表征纳米材料颗粒大小及其分布的重要仪器.综述了近年来纳米粒度仪在纳米级催化材料及催化载体、磁性材料、光电材料及其它无机功能材料研究中最新的应用进展,提出了其存在的局限性和今后的研发方向.     

Controllable synthesis and biomedical applications of silver nanomaterials

Silver nanomaterials have lots of peculiar and exciting physical and chemical properties that are different from massive silver, so the synthesis and applications of silver nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of attention in the last decade. Currently, all kinds of silver nanomaterials having different shapes and sizes have been synthesized by many ingenious methods, and silver nanomaterials have exhibited extensive application prospects in many fields especially in biomedical aspect. In this article, the controllable synthesis of silver nanomaterials including nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, nanoprisms, nanoplates, nanodisks, nanospheres, and nanopolyhedrons, etc. are reviewed. Silver nanomaterials are most utilized in the form of nanoparticles, so the main biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles, such as antibacterial and antiviral applications, antitumor applications, biosensors and biological labels, optical imaging and imaging intensifier, are discussed. Although antibacterial applications are still the most important aspects of silver nanomaterials at present, antitumor, optical sensors and imaging applications of silver nanomaterials have also shown good potential perspectives. More biomedical applications of silver nanomaterials still need to be exploited for the future, and the biological safety of silver nanomaterials also should be paid enough attention before their practical applications.     

纳米材料在食品包装中的应用及安全性评价

目的阐述几种常用纳米材料在食品包装中的应用,并对其安全性进行研究。方法分别阐述Ag,Ti O2,Si O2,Zn O,蒙脱土等纳米材料在食品包装方面的应用。结论纳米材料能有效改善包装材料的特性,保持食品的品质和风味,防止微生物滋生,具有显著的意义和广阔的发展前景。     

Nanomaterials: a Map for Their Selection in Food Packaging Applications

Even though research on nanotechnology has increased rapidly in the last decades, the application of nanotechnology in food and beverage packaging started to show an interest in the scientific community much more recently. Food safety, quality and improvements of properties compared with conventional materials make nanomaterials very attractive in the field of food and beverage packaging applications. Furthermore, in many cases, nanomaterials are used for both food packaging and the food contained, especially when we talk about nanomaterials for active and intelligent packaging. Oxygen scavengers, antimicrobial nanomaterials and nanobiosensors are some examples of current research efforts on nanomaterials for food packaging. This fact has led to a variety of nanoparticles and nanomaterials. The wide range of existing nanomaterials could make its selection for food packaging applications a challenge. Thus, building up a map based on the current state‐of‐the‐art nanoparticles and nanomaterials is required. Furthermore, there is a need to classify all the nanomaterials used specifically in food packaging, independently of their nature, the packaging material and the way they are integrated to this material. In this paper, a classification of the latest advances in this field was made accompanied by the use of Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis in order to find which are the most relevant (and/or expected to be potentially exploited in the near future) nanomaterials in the area of food packaging. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Nano–Intestine Interaction: Understanding the Location‐Oriented Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Intestine

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in food additives, food packages, and therapeutic purposes owing to their useful properties, Therefore, human beings are orally exposed to exogenous nanomaterials frequently, which means the intestine is one of the primary targets of nanomaterials. Consequently, it is of great importance to understand the interaction between nanomaterials and the intestine. When nanomaterials enter into gut lumen, they inevitably interact with various components and thereby display different effects on the intestine based on their locations; these are known as location‐oriented effects (LOE). The intestinal LOE confer a new biological‐effect profile for nanomaterials, which is dependent on the involvement of the following biological processes: nano–mucus interaction, nano–intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) interaction, nano–immune interaction, and nano–microbiota interaction. A deep understanding of NM‐induced LOE will facilitate the design of safer NMs and the development of more efficient nanomedicine for intestine‐related diseases. Herein, recent progress in this field is reviewed in order to better understand the LOE of nanomaterials. The distant effects of nanomaterials coupling with microbiota are also highlighted. Investigation of the interaction of nanomaterials with the intestine will stimulate other new research areas beyond intestinal nanotoxicity.     

生物模板法制备铜-锌复合氧化物纳米材料及其降解抗生素性能研究

采用海藻酸钠作为生物模板,通过金属离子与其交联制备不同比例的铜-锌复合氧化物纳米材料。该方法可以将金属离子前驱体在反应体系中充分分散并均匀混合,最终得到具有典型六方纤锌矿结构的纳米材料。制备得到的铜-锌复合氧化物纳米材料可以有效降解不同类型的抗生素,其中纯ZnO纳米材料降解磺胺嘧啶效率为85.4%,掺入3%的CuO后,降解磺胺嘧啶效率最高达93.4%,与ZnO纳米材料相比复合氧化物的光催化活性有了明显提高;但对于四环素,纯ZnO纳米材料对它的降解效果要优于铜-锌的复合氧化物纳米材料,降解效率最高达84.7%。     

Charge-transport behavior in shape-controlled poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanomaterials: intrinsic and extrinsic factors

The charge-transport behavior in one-dimensional (1D) poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanomaterials of three different shapes is described. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are considered from the viewpoint of a single nanoparticle and nanoparticle assembly. Intrinsically, the oxidation level of the 1D PEDOT nanomaterials becomes higher with increasing aspect ratio of the nanomaterials, which is closely linked to the conjugation length. This result implies that the transport properties of the nanomaterials are significantly dependent on their shape. Extrinsically, the 1D PEDOT nanomaterials make an ohmic contact with gold interdigitated microelectrodes. In addition, a strong correlation is observed between the interparticle contact resistance and the shape of the nanomaterials. Lastly, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to charge transport are further illustrated by the resistance changes of nanomaterial-based chemical sensors. As a result, judicious tailoring of the dimensional and geometrical characteristics of the conducting-polymer nanomaterials may enable precise control over their transport properties as well as the characteristics of the nanomaterial-based devices.     

Shaping Sulfur Precursors to Low Dimensional (0D, 1D and 2D) Sulfur Nanomaterials: Synthesis,Characterization, Mechanism,Functionalization, and Applications

Low-dimensional sulfur nanomaterials featuring with 0D sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs), sulfur nanodots (SNDs) and sulfur quantum dots (SQDs), 1D sulfur nanorods (SNRs), and 2D sulfur nanosheets (SNSs) have emerged as an environmentally friendly, biocompatible class of metal-free nanomaterials, sparking extensive interest in a wide range application. In this review, various synthetic methods, precise characterization, creative formation mechanism, delicate functionalization, and versatile applications of low dimensional sulfur nanomaterials over the last decades are systematically summarized. Initially, it is striven to summarize the progress of low dimensional sulfur nanomaterials from versatile precursors by using different synthetic approaches and various characterization. Then, a multi-faceted proposed formation mechanism with emphasis on how these different precursors produce corresponding SNPs, SNDs, SQDs, SNRs, and SNSs is highlighted. Besides, it is essential to fine-tune the surface functional groups of low dimensional sulfur nanomaterials to form new complex nanomaterials. Finally, these sulfur nanomaterials are being investigated in bio-sensing, bio-imaging, lithium–sulfur batteries, antibacterial activities, plant growth along with future perspective and challenges in emerging fields. The purpose of this review is to tailor low dimensional nanomaterials through accurately selecting precursors or synthetic approach and provide a foundation for the formation of versatile sulfur nanostructure.     

Regulating the Electrical Behaviors of 2D Inorganic Nanomaterials for Energy Applications

Recent years have witnessed great developments in inorganic 2D nanomaterials for their unique dimensional confinement and diverse electronic energy bands. Precisely regulating their intrinsic electrical behaviors would bring superior electrical conductivity, rendering 2D nanomaterials ideal candidates for active materials in electrochemical applications when combined with the excellent reaction activity from the inorganic lattice. This Concept focuses on highly conducting inorganic 2D nanomaterials, including intrinsic metallic 2D nanomaterials and artificial highly conductive 2D nanomaterials. The intrinsic metallicity of 2D nanomaterials is derived from their closely packed atomic structures that ensure maximum overlapping of electron orbitals, while artificial highly conductive 2D nanomaterials could be achieved by designed methodologies of surface modification, intralayer ion doping, and lattice strain, in which atomic‐scale structural modulation plays a vital role in realizing conducting behaviors. Benefiting from fast electron transfer, high reaction activity, as well as large surface areas arising from the 2D inorganic lattice, highly conducting 2D nanomaterials open up prospects for enhancing performance in electrochemical catalysis and electrochemical capacitors. Conductive 2D inorganic nanomaterials promise higher efficiency for electrochemical applications of energy conversion and storage.