结合轨迹灵敏度和微分进化技术的暂态稳定约束最优潮流计算

分析了求解多故障暂态稳定约束最优潮流的轨迹灵敏度法存在的问题,提出了相应的改进方案.利用轨迹灵敏度法的快速收敛特性和微分进化算法的全局搜索能力,借助用轨迹灵敏度法求解暂态稳定约束最优潮流问题过程中产生的多个逼近全局最优点的稳定和不稳定点来构成微分进化算法的初始种群,将两者结合起来构造成求解多故障TSCOPF的混合算法.在3机和10机试验系统上的计算表明,所构建的混合算法收敛性快且全局搜索能力强.     

求解暂态稳定约束最优潮流的混合算法

借助单机无穷大母线等值建立严格稳定判据,将轨迹灵敏度和微分进化技术结合起来求解暂态稳定约束最优潮流问题。以临界稳定功角作为暂态稳定约束功角阈值,并用预测失稳时刻修正功角阈值,提高了功角阈值的准确性和优化精度。按照单机无穷大母线等值,将故障分为稳定故障、极度稳定故障、一般不稳定故障和极度不稳定故障,将极度稳定故障从暂态稳定约束中剔除,省略相应灵敏度计算。为充分发挥改进轨迹灵敏度法的快速收敛特性和微分进化算法较强的全局搜索能力,提出将两者适当结合构造求解多故障暂态稳定约束最优潮流问题的混合算法。所提微分进化种群规模和计算量大大减小;含不稳定故障规格化稳定度的评价函数值更能综合反映种子的安全经济指标。在3机和10机试验系统上验证了所提算法的高效性和实用性。     

含VSC-HVDC的暂态稳定约束最优潮流

提出运用轨迹灵敏度法将含电压源换流器的高压直流(voltage source converter-high voltage direct current, VSC-HVDC)输电的暂态稳定约束最优潮流问题转化为含VSC-HVDC 最优潮流和含 VSC-HVDC 暂态稳定2个子问题,避免直接求解混杂系统暂态稳定约束最优潮流所带来的困难。根据暂态稳定计算结果,求出连续系统状态量相对于发电机机械输入功率的轨迹灵敏度,据此求取最领先机和最落后机之间转移的有功功率,修改最优潮流有功出力的上下限,从而实现2个子问题的交替求解。在求得的转移功率满足系统暂态稳定约束后,通过二分法求得系统的最优转移功率。以IEEE39节点系统为算例,验证了轨迹灵敏度法对于求解含VSC-HVDC的暂态稳定约束最优潮流的有效性和合理性,算法实现简单,可处理多个预想故障。     

基于单机无穷大母线等值和轨迹灵敏度的暂态稳定约束最优潮流

在分析多故障暂态稳定约束最优潮流(transient stability constrained optimal power flow,TSCOPF)轨迹灵敏度法存在问题的基础上,提出基于单机无穷大母线等值和轨迹灵敏度的暂态稳定度约束最优潮流计算方法.根据单机无穷大母线等值,在暂态稳定约束最优潮流模型中引入严格的暂态稳定判据,并应用轨迹灵敏技术提高计算效率.将故障分为稳定故障、极度稳定故障、一般不稳定故障和极度不稳定故障,分别在暂念稳定约束中分别加以处理,可快速地进行放障筛选.同时,对于小稳定故障不需要寻找临界稳定轨迹,可节省大量的仿真时间.在3机、10机和20机系统上的仿真结果验证了所提出算法的有效性.     

多故障暂态稳定约束最优潮流的轨迹灵敏度法

将暂态稳定约束最优潮流(transient stability constrained optimal power flow,TSC-OPF)计算过程分解为潮流、暂态稳定及轨迹灵敏度、降阶二次规划最优潮流3个子问题的交替求解。在迭代过程中,根据潮流和暂态稳定计算得到状态变量和代数变量时变轨迹;由此判断系统的稳定性,并计算失稳时刻状态变量和初始时刻代数变量对发电机有功和无功功率的轨迹灵敏度;据此将暂态稳定约束最优潮流问题转化以发电机有功和无功功率增量为独立变量的降阶二次规划最优潮流问题;求解这个二次规划模型得到发电机有功和无功功率增量。通过这种交替求解,最终能寻找到满足暂态稳定约束的最优潮流解。以此为基础,提出了不受故障类型和模式影响的多故障处理方法。新英格兰10机39节点和UK 20机100节点系统的计算结果表明,所提方法在计算精度和速度方面具有一定优势。     

基于BCU法的多故障暂态稳定约束最优潮流计算

基于稳定域边界的主导不稳定平衡点（BCU）方法,求解暂态能量裕度对发电机有功和无功出力的解析灵敏度,再将暂态能量裕度约束直接加入最优潮流模型中,建立含多故障暂态能量裕度约束的最优潮流逐次线性规划模型。通过常规潮流计算、基于BCU法的暂态稳定及暂态能量裕度灵敏度计算、基于单纯形法的线性规划算法的交替求解,获得最优解。并对BCU方法和故障模式法进行了比较,在上述的交替求解过程中,故障模式法并不能保证能求出主导不稳定平衡点,但BCU方法能够给出可靠结果。新英格兰10机39节点系统的计算结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

一种基于EEAC和轨迹灵敏度的暂态稳定约束 最优潮流模型与方法

暂态稳定约束最优潮流问题是当前电力系统的研究热点之一。将该问题分解为暂态稳定评估、灵敏度分析和最优潮流等三个子问题交替迭代求解。采用EEAC法进行多预想故障的暂态稳定评估,并给出各不同稳定情况下的裕度表达式;通过轨迹灵敏度法得到稳定裕度关于控制变量的灵敏度,由此构造线性不等式约束;采用非线性原对偶内点法求解含简单稳定约束的OPF问题,并通过增加校正因子的方法避免过度调整问题,通过迭代求解使系统能够满足稳定裕度要求。该方法不仅能考虑多摆失稳问题,也能处理不同失稳模式的多故障问题。通过IEEE-39算例的仿真计算,验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种基于EEAC和轨迹灵敏度的暂态稳定约束最优潮流模型与方法

暂态稳定约束最优潮流问题是当前电力系统的研究热点之一。将该问题分解为暂态稳定评估、灵敏度分析和最优潮流等三个子问题交替迭代求解。采用EEAC法进行多预想故障的暂态稳定评估,并给出各不同稳定情况下的裕度表达式;通过轨迹灵敏度法得到稳定裕度关于控制变量的灵敏度,由此构造线性不等式约束;采用非线性原对偶内点法求解含简单稳定约束的OPF问题,并通过增加校正因子的方法避免过度调整问题,通过迭代求解使系统能够满足稳定裕度要求。该方法不仅能考虑多摆失稳问题,也能处理不同失稳模式的多故障问题。通过IEEE-39算例的仿真计算,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于BCU法的多故障暂态稳定约束最优潮流计算

基于稳定域边界的主导不稳定平衡点(BCU)方法,求解暂态能量裕度对发电机有功和无功出力的解析灵敏度,再将暂态能量裕度约束直接加入最优潮流模型中,建立含多故障暂态能量裕度约束的最优潮流逐次线性规划模型.通过常规潮流计算、基于BCU法的暂态稳定及暂态能量裕度灵敏度计算、基于单纯形法的线性规划算法的交替求解,获得最优解.并对BCU方法和故障模式法进行了比较,在上述的交替求解过程中,故障模式法并不能保证能求出主导不稳定平衡点,但BCU方法能够给出可靠结果.新英格兰10机39节点系统的计算结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

考虑暂态稳定约束的发电再调度研究

提出了一种暂态稳定的发电机有功调度新算法。通过求取暂态稳定约束下的发电机有功输出极限,将暂态稳定约束转化为最优潮流中的发电机有功出力约束,从而将暂态稳定约束下的发电机有功调度问题转化为常规最优潮流问题进行求解。介绍了电力系统角半径的概念,通过仿真计算轨迹灵敏度,在此基础上可得到系统角半径对各发电机有功输出的灵敏度,该灵敏度信息可用于计算发电机有功输出的调整量。算法实现简单,可处理多个预想故障。在10机新英格兰典型电力系统上的算例分析验证了新方法的有效性和合理性。     

An improved GSO method for discontinuous non-convex transient stability constrained optimal power flow with complex system model

Transient stability constrained optimal power flow (TSCOPF) is an important tool for power system planning and operation. In the paper, a discontinuous non-convex TSCOPF model with many minima is proposed to fully consider the generation valve-point effects and prohibited operation zones (POZs). Though the model is hard, it is general and flexible not only to accommodate any complex system components and discrete control variables, but also to be solved with any state of the art heuristic solution methods. Furthermore, an improved Group Search Optimization (IGSO) algorithm based on backward searching strategy, Cauchy mutation and inheritance operator is tailored to solve this challenging discontinuous non-convex problem. Four comprehensive case studies on the WSCC 9-bus system, New England 39-bus system, and IEEE 145-bus system have confirmed the validity of proposed discontinuous non-convex TSCOPF model and the outperformance of IGSO solution method compared with seven representative artificial intelligence algorithms.     

多预想事故静态电压稳定约束阻塞管理及成本分摊

提出一种适用于日前电力市场,综合考虑系统正常状态当前运行点支路电流、节电电压约束以及多预想事故状态条件下的静态电压稳定约束的阻塞管理方法,并进一步提出一种基于模态有功参与因子的静态电压稳定约束阻塞成本分摊算法。通过对IEEE 30 节点系统的仿真实例说明,该方法能够有效地处理多预想事故静态电压稳定约束,阻塞成本的分摊完全符合基于责任的分摊原则,不但可以公平地分摊阻塞成本,而且向市场各方提供的经济信号也有利于系统的安全稳定运行。     

Coordinated preventive control of transient stability with multi-contingency in power systems using trajectory sensitivities

In this paper, the challenging multi-contingency transient stability constrained optimal power flow problem is partitioned into two sub-problems, namely optimal power flow (OPF) and transient stability control, solved in turn with conventional well trusted power system analysis tools instead of tackling it directly using a complicated integrated approach. Preventive multi-contingency transient stability control is carried out with generation rescheduling based on trajectory sensitivities using results obtained from a conventional transient stability simulation. A new iterative approach is proposed to optimally redistribute the generation from the critical machines to noncritical machines with the help of conventional OPF. Results on the New England 10-machine 39-bus systems demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of handling multiple contingencies and complex power system models effectively with solution quantity and time comparable with conventional integrated approaches.     

Transient stability constrained optimal power flow using oppositional krill herd algorithm

Transient stability constrained optimal power flow (TSCOPF) is becoming an effective tool for many problems in power systems since it simultaneously considers economy and dynamic stability of system operations. It is increasingly important because modern power systems tend to operate closer to the stability boundaries due to the rapid increase of electricity demand and the deregulation in power sector. TSCOPF is, however, a nonlinear optimization problem with both algebraic and differential equations which is difficult to solve even for small power network. In order to solve the TSCOPF problem efficiently, a relatively new optimization technique, named as krill herd algorithm (KHA), is employed in this paper. KHA simulates the herding behavior of krill swarms in response to specific biological and environmental processes to solve multi-dimensional, linear and nonlinear problems with appreciable efficiency. To accelerate the convergence speed and to improve the simulation results, opposition based learning (OBL) is also incorporated in the basic KHA method. The simulation results, obtained by the basic KHA method and the proposed oppositional KHA (OKHA) algorithm, are compared to those obtained by using some other recently developed methods available in the literature. In this paper, case studies conducted on 10 generator New England 39-bus system and 17 generator 162-bus system indicate that the proposed OKHA approach is much more, computationally, efficient than the other reported popular state-of-the-art algorithms including the basic KHA and the proposed method is found to be a promising tool to solve the TSCOPF problem of power systems.     

A two stage model for rotor angle transient stability constrained optimal power flow

Transient stability constrained optimal power flow (TSCOPF) is a nonlinear optimization problem with both algebraic and differential equations. This paper utilizes the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) as an evolutionary optimization algorithm and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to develop a robust and efficient two stages scheme to solve TSCOPF problem. In the first stage an Artificial Neural Network is constructed to predict the rotor-angle transient stability margin, and is then incorporated in the TSC-OPF as the transient stability estimator. To solve the proposed TSC-OPF problem the ICA is used as the optimizer. The performance of the proposed method is verified over the WSCC three-machine, nine-bus system under different loading conditions and fault scenarios.     

基于灵敏度分析和时域仿真的暂态稳定预防控制优化方法

根据临界切除时间灵敏度将暂态稳定约束条件线性化,简化了考虑暂态稳定约束的最优潮流(TSCOPF)问题的求解过程,为暂态稳定预防控制优化问题提供了一种新的解决方案。针对大系统临界切除时间灵敏度计算费时的实际问题,采用线路有功功率灵敏度筛选待调发电机的方法和并行计算技术以提高计算效率。WSCC 9节点系统标准算例和SGCC 9 177节点电网算例的仿真结果表明,所提方法具备良好的优化效果和工程实用性。     

考虑调整变化量和变步长的暂态稳定约束最优潮流模型

为了满足电网事故后运行方式的快速调整需求,本文提出了一种新的暂态稳定约束最优潮流(TSCOPF)模型,以系统调整变化量最小为目标,并采用了区分故障中和故障切除后两阶段的积分步长微调策略。该模型的系统调整变化量与系统失稳程度密切相关,解决了传统TSCOPF调整量过大的问题。两阶段积分步长微调策略使得刚好整数步时到达故障切除时刻和仿真结束时刻,实现了关键时间节点的准确仿真。采用了原始-对偶内点法求解该模型。IEEE-9、NE-39及IEEE-118 3个测试系统的计算结果表明,所提方法利于调度员快速处理事故,提高了TSCOPF的实用化水平。