Beseitigung von Abfällen in einer Sonderabfall-Deponie

Disposal of waste material in hazardous waste-tips . In setting up and operating hazardous waste-tips the greatest of care is necessary, since the public reacts strongly, even to the slightest pollution of the environment in the neighbourhood of such tips. As an example, the waste-tip at Malsch south of Heidelberg is considered from all points of view, beginning with the geological prerequisite, the sealing measurements and control of the tip. The procedures in making applications to authorities, the equipment required and the method of running the tip are also dealt with. Until now, no serious incidents have occurred at the waste-tip at Malsch.     

Verbrennungsanlage mit Rauchgaswäsche für die Beseitigung von Chemie-Abfällen

Incineration plant with flue-gas scrubbers for disposal of chemical waste . Incineration plant No. II installed at the Bayer Facilities at Leverkusen/Germany has been in regular operation since November 1977 after a previous one-year period of testing. About 25 000 t of industrial waste per year can be burnt in this plant, simultaneously producing nearly 140 000 t of steam. The plant consists of a bunker building, a rotary kiln and secondary combustion chamber, including all the feeding equipment for solid, viscous, and liquid wastes, as well as a boiler, an electrostatic dust precipitator, and a wet gas cleaning unit. This latter unit consists of an injection cooler (quencher), two rotary scrubbers, and a jet scrubber. The cleaned flue gas is reheated in two heat exchangers and is discharged from a suction blower through a 100 m high chimney into the atmosphere. Around the chimney several measuring instruments are installed to check and continuously record the type and amount of emission. The scrubber water is sent to the company waste water treatment plant; the solid ashes and dust are dumped separately. The average incineration costs are DM 400 per ton of waste.     

Rohstoff-Recycling und Energie-Gewinnung von Kunststoffabfällen

Feedstock Recycling and Energy Recovery from Plastics Waste. The disposal concept of the plastics industry comprises the following four steps: prevention/reduction, recycling of material (mechanical recycling, feedstock recycling), energy recovery and dumping. Feedstock recycling or chemical recycling stands for the chemical conversion of polymer materials with reduction of macromolecular structure to low-molecular raw materials. The combustion of plastics waste uses the high calorific value of plastics for energy recovery. This paper describes some of the processes for feedstock recycling and for energy recovery from plastics waste.     

Thermische Behandlung von Sonderabfällen

Thermal treatment of special wastes . The incineration of waste is a proven process with known ecological consequences and is economically viable especially for large scale plant. The original ambitious objectives of the pyrolytic process have been considerably revised after the developments in this area failed to live up to many expectations or were found to be economically non-viable. The combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbons on the high seas is ecologically safe. The processes discussed in this paper demonstrate that the development of thermal processes for the treatment of industrial wastes is by no means complete. This also applies to numerous other processes not discussed here.     

Ionenchromatographische und kapillarelektrophoretische Analytik zur Bestimmung von Chromat in Lederabfällen und -schlämmen

Determination of Chromate in Leatherwaste and -sludge by Ion Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis The Quantitative determination of chromate in Leatherwaste and -sludge by ion pair chromatography (MPIC), ion exchange chromatography (HPIC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) is described. 0.02 mol/l dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (pH=7) was the buffer for CE. 2 mol/l 1,2-diaminocyclohexane tetraacetic acid (DCTA), water/acetonitrile (90/10 v/v) with 1 mmol/l tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) were used as eluents for HPIC and MPIC, respectively. The pH of eluents and samples were 7. The analytical results indicated that there is no evident differences between the three methods.     

Prozeßführung und Verfahrenstechnik zur schadstoffarmen Verbrennung von Abfällen

Process control and engineering of essentially pollutant-free combustion of wastes. The avoidance, reduction, and utilization of wastes are recognized as exploitable strategies. In spite of these measures, in the future wastes remain which still require treatment. Combustion is possible way substantially converting complex chemical compounds in an environmentally compatible manner. The present paper deals in a general manner with the possibilities of influencing combustion control (primary measures) for wastes in order to obtain minimum levels of pollutants. A difference is made between gaseous, liquid, or powdered wastes and those comprising mixtures of coarse, pasty, and liquid components. The paper deals with mixing mechanisms, temperature control, burn out, pollutant limitation, and the resulting fundamental possibilities of process control and engineering.