无溶剂法合成二甘醇葡萄糖苷硬脂酸酯

在无溶剂条件下 ,以硬脂酸钠作为催化剂 ,利用二甘醇葡萄糖苷与硬脂酸直接酯化合成二甘醇葡萄糖苷硬脂酸酯 ,在反应温度为 180℃ ,反应时间 10h ,催化剂用量为反应物总质量11 1%的条件下 ,硬脂酸的转化率达 95 0 %     

甲基葡萄糖苷脂肪酸酯的合成与研究

以碱性化合物CT作为催化剂,采用甲基葡萄糖苷和十八酸为原料合成甲基葡萄糖苷硬脂酸酯,对影响反应的主要因素进行了分析,通过IR分析不同反应条件下合成产品的组成,得到较优的反应条件为:n(甲基葡萄糖苷)∶n(十八酸)=1∶1.4,催化剂CT用量为甲基葡萄糖苷质量的0.6%,反应温度控制在150℃左右,反应压力0.01MPa,产品收率可以达到85%,颜色较浅。     

L-抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯的合成条件探索

文章对L-抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯的最佳合成条件进行探索。通过各种不同的实验条件得出最佳合成条件为：抗坏血酸比硬脂酸甲醣为1：1．3（摩尔比）,催化剂浓硫酸比（抗坏血酸＋硬脂酸甲酪）为1：0．10（摩尔比）,反应温度24℃,反应时闯24h。在此条件下可获得总产率为77％的抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯。考察了以硬脂酸甲酯和L-抗坏血酸为原料,通过酯交换法合成L-抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯的最佳合成条件。文章对L-抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯的最佳合成条件进行探索。通过各种不同的实验条件得出最佳合成条件为：抗坏血酸比硬脂酸甲酯为1：1.3（摩尔比）,催化剂浓硫酸比（抗坏血酸＋硬脂酸甲酯）为1：0．10（摩尔比）,反应温度24℃,反应时间24h。在此条件下可获得总产率为77％的抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯。考察了以硬脂酸甲酯和L-抗坏血酸为原料,通过酯交换法合成L-抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯的最佳合成条件。     

无溶剂法合成蔗糖硬脂酸酯的工艺研究

以乙醇代替有毒的甲醇与硬脂酸在酸催化下进行反应制出了硬脂酸乙酯。以硬脂酸乙酯与蔗糖为原料在催化剂和乳化剂的作用下，进行酯交换反应合成出蔗糖硬脂酸酯。详细考察了该合成反应过程中乳化剂、催化剂用量，反应温度，原料配比，反应时间等因素对蔗糖硬脂酸酯产率的影响，得出了较佳合成工艺条件，即硬脂酸乙酯：蔗糖摩尔比为2．15：1，乳化剂与蔗糖质量比为0．1：1，催化剂与反应物料质量比为0．14：1，反应温度－120℃，压力－4．35kPa,反应时间－3.5h。以蔗糖计，蔗糖酯产率约75．2％。此外，还把蔗糖硬脂酸酯制成易挥发衍生物，建立了分析其组成的气相色谱方法。     

压力条件下淀粉合成甲基葡萄糖苷

以淀粉、甲醇为原料 ,以酸为催化剂 ,在压力条件下合成甲基葡萄糖苷 (简称甲苷 ) ,得出最佳催化剂是浓硫酸。通过正交实验 ,考察了糖醇比、反应压力、催化剂用量及反应时间对合成甲苷的影响 ,得到合成甲苷的最佳条件为n(淀粉 )∶n(甲醇 ) =1∶30 ,压力 0 5MPa ,催化剂用量为淀粉质量的 5 % ,反应时间 12 0min ,收率达 98 9%。     

新型钻井液甲基葡萄糖苷的合成研究

研究了催化剂、反应温度、反应时间、配料比、后处理等因素对甲基葡萄糖苷合成反应过程及结果的影响，得出了适宜反应条件，反应温度为70℃，甲醇∶葡萄糖∶催化剂＝8∶1∶0.02（摩尔比），反应时间为8h。产品收率（DP＝1.64）O 86％。     

硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺的二步法合成研究

以硬脂酸与乙醇胺为原料 ,采用二步法合成硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺的反应优化条件是 :硬脂酸与乙醇胺的总的物质的量比为 1∶1 1 ;第一步反应中 ,硬脂酸与乙醇胺的物质的量比控制在 1∶0 7,温度为 1 70℃ ,反应 4h ;第二步反应中 ,加入剩余的乙醇胺 ,温度为 1 0 0℃ ,催化剂KOH用量为 0 0 76mol mol硬脂酸 ,反应 4h。硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺的产率可达到 86 9% ,终产物的熔点为 88～ 90℃。     

一水合硫酸氢钠催化合成硬脂酸己酯的研究

用一水合硫酸氢钠催化硬脂酸与正己醇的酯化反应合成了硬脂酸己酯。考察了催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间对酯化反应的影响。在典型反应条件下(正己醇与硬脂酸摩尔比=1．5：1，0．6g催化剂/0．2mol硬酯酸，反应时间2．5h)，转化率为99.64％，酯化率为99．55％，产品收率为99．66％。     

聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯的制备及其增稠性能的测定

采用酯交换法,以聚乙二醇（6000）、硬脂酸单甘油酯为基本原料,对甲基苯磺酸为催化剂,在常压下制备聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯。最佳反应条件由正交实验确定,结合实验原理及方法,讨论了催化剂、反应温度、反应时间,物料配比对反应的影响,并测定不同浓度聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯溶液的粘度。合成反应最佳条件：催化剂用量2％（摩尔比）,反应温度130℃,时间4h,n（硬脂酸酯）：n（聚乙二醇）=4：1。在此条件下反应收率达98％。     

微波催化合成乙二醇单硬脂酸酯

在微波辐射条件下,以对氨基苯磺酸为催化剂,乙二醇和硬脂酸为原料合成了乙二醇单硬脂酸酯。考察了催化剂用量、微波辐射时间、微波功率和醇酸比对反应的影响。得出较佳反应条件为：乙二醇：硬脂酸为1．1：1（mol／mol）、催化剂用量0．3％（质量分数）、微波功率800W、反应时间16min。     

MS和MSE的特性及其在化妆品中的应用

本文较详细地介绍了甲基葡萄糖苷倍半硬脂酸酯（MS）和聚氧乙烯（20EO）甲基葡萄糖苷倍半硬脂酸酯（MSE）的结构、合成、质量指标和特性及其在化妆品中的应用。     

Synthesis of alkyl glycoside fatty acid esters in non-aqueous media byCandida sp. lipase

Alkyl glycoside fatty acid esters were successfully synthesized by lipase-catalyzed transesterification of methyl glucoside, methyl glucoside, methyl galactoside and octyl glucoside with methyl oleate. The experiments were carried out in organic media with lipase enzymes fromCandida sp. as biocatalysts. Time course and the effects of temperature, solvent type, substrate concentration, added water and of immobilizedvs. nonimmobilized enzyme were studied. The optimal conditions for the enzymatic synthesis of alkyl glycoside fatty acid esters were: a molar ratio of alkyl glycoside and methyl oleate of 1:4, an immobilized lipase, SP382 fromCandida sp.; benzene/pyridine (2:1, vol/vol) with no added water; temperature, 55°C; reaction time, 48 h; and shaking at 200 rpm. Acceptable levels of oleic acid incorporation (58.6–100 mol%) onto the alkyl glycosides were achieved.     

烷基葡萄糖苷的合成研究

烷基葡萄糖苷的合成分为两步，首先正丁醇和葡萄糖反应生成丁基葡萄糖苷，最佳反应条件为醇糖摩尔比为４：１，反应温度１１０℃，反应时间３小时，催化剂为对甲基苯磺酸，第二步使用十二醇进行酯交换，产品收率以及葡萄糖计８７％。     

Mixtures of Nonionic Surfactants Made from Renewable Resources with Alkyl Sulfates: Comparison of Headgroups

Mixtures of alkyl N-methyl glucamines with linear alkyl sulfates and alkyl glucopyranosides (glycosides) with linear alkyl sulfates were investigated. Six different nonionic-anionic pairings chosen based on similar critical micelle concentration (CMC) in order to ensure that the best synergy is observed. Solutions at various concentrations and mixture ratios were tested and evaluated to determine CMC, surface tension at the CMC, surface tension reduction efficiency, and emulsification of decane. The results were evaluated and show synergism in both the alkyl sulfate/alkyl methyl glucamine as well as the alkyl sulfate/alkyl glycoside systems. A much greater interaction was seen between the sulfate headgroup and the methyl glucamine headgroup. The difference between the efficiency of interaction was attributed to the more flexible nature of the glucamine headgroup relative to that of the glycoside headgroup.     

Surfactants from fatty esters of polyalkoxylated polyol glycosides

The glycoside raw materials used to prepare the surfactants were mixtures produced directly from low cost starch and the polyols by transglycosidation. After alkoxylation with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, the glycosides were transesterified by the methyl esters of various fatty acids to yield the final products. Monolaurates of the polyalkoxylated glycosides containing a combination of 8 mol ethylene oxide and 4 mol propylene oxide per mole of glycoside showed detergency in an alkaline formulation comparable to two commercial detergents. An advantage in this application is the potential for complete biodegradation because of the fatty ester carbohydrate structures. The two monolaurates of glycerol glycoside polyethers containing 4.8 and 8 mol propylene oxide, in particular, produced oil-inwater emulsions of high stability. ARS, USDA.     

半乳糖苷脂肪酸酯的选择性合成及其对Staphylococcus aureus和Salmonella agona的抗菌性

以甲基β-D-半乳糖苷为底物,用二丁基二甲氧锡作锡络合剂,脂肪酸酰氯作酰化剂选择性地合成半乳糖苷脂肪酸酯。最佳反应条件为:n(甲基β-D-半乳糖苷)∶n(二丁基二甲氧锡)∶n(脂肪酸酰氯)=1∶1.1∶1.1,温度为25℃,甲基3-O-脂肪酸酰基-β-D-半乳糖苷收率可达70%左右。并应用该糖酯类化合物作细菌Staphylococcusaureus和Salmonella agona的抗菌性测试,结果表明月桂酸酯和豆蔻酸酯分别使S.aureus的数量从5.322lgCFU/mL(空白)下降到3.441和3.563 lgCFU/mL;使S.agona的数量从6.094(空白)下降到3.813和3.830lgCFU/mL。     

甲基葡萄糖苷衍生物在个人护理品中的应用

甲基葡萄糖苷系列产品具有安全、无毒、无刺激无污染的特性 ,而且能与许多互配原料相容 ,广泛用于化妆品中。简要叙述了该系列产品的主要品种及其结构和合成方法 ,并举例说明了它们在个人护理品中的应用。     

Ethoxylated glycerol and propylene glycol glycoside palmitates from lactose

Polyoxyethylene polyol glycoside palmitates were prepared by the following successive reactions: transglycosylation of lactose by glycerol and propylene glycol to yield crude mixtures of the polyol glucosides and galactosides; alkoxylation with ethylene oxide; and tranesterfication by methyl palmitate. Almost all the solid waxy products exhibited low surface and interfacial tensions and good emulsion stability; they are expected to be effective food emulsifiers, cosmetic surfactants and biodegradable industrial surfactants. ARS, USDA.     

3‐ and 4‐Uloses Derived from N‐Acetyl‐D‐glucosamine: A Unique Pair of Complementary Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Epoxidation of Alkenes

The 4‐ulose and the 3‐ulose, both derived in two steps from the α‐methyl glycoside of N‐acetyl‐D ‐glucosamine (GlcNAc), act as organocatalysts in the asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes, with unprecedented complementary enantioselectivity. The best results are found with α,β‐unsaturated esters as substrates, with enantiomeric ratios up to 90:10 and 11:89, respectively.     

Pro- und Antioxydantien auf dem Fettgebiet XXV: Über ihre Lokalisierung in Samen und Früchten sowie in Kartoffeln

Pro- and Antioxidants in the Field of Fats XXV: Their Localisation in Seeds, Fruits and Potatoes Antioxidative action of various plant extracts on highly purified linseed oil and methyl linoleate was determined. Extracts from the peripheral zones of different fruits possess the maximum oxidation inhibiting action, which depends on the variety and the period of storage. The flavonol quercetin occurs in the flesh of onions as glycoside and not in free state. In connection with the stability of potato products during storage, the lipid content and the distribution of lipids between starch and protein of the potatoes are determined. The scope of a possible utilization of the antioxidants present in the potato skins is discussed.