金刚石有序排列锯片制备及切割性能研究

介绍了金刚石有序排列在锯片中的应用和实现锯片中金刚石有序排列的方法。采用两种常规锯片和一种有序排列锯片切割钢筋混凝土,通过实验可知:同等条件(同胎体、同金刚石品级和浓度)下,有序排列金刚石锯片较常规锯片切割速度提高23.6%,使用寿命提高31.5%;不仅如此,有序排列锯片与同胎体、金刚石浓度高5%的常规锯片相比切割速度仍能提高18.8%,寿命提高21.9%;金刚石有序排列锯片在节省金刚石用量、减少锯片成本的基础上,仍能提高锯片的效率和寿命,体现了有序排列金刚石锯片的优越性。     

金刚石有序排列锯片切割性能的优化设计

通过自主研发的金刚石有序排列技术,制作出金刚石三维有序排列锯片,并通过锯切对比实验,检验产品的切割性能。结果表明:金刚石三维有序排列锯片既可以提高锯片锋利度又可以提高锯片寿命;通过金刚石表面处理还可以进一步提高金刚石三维有序排列锯片的切割性能,其锋利度较传统锯片锋利度提高了27.7%,寿命提高了66.6%。      

磨料有序排布金刚石锯片的加工性能试验研究

设计并制作了3组新型磨料有序排布烧结金刚石锯片和1组无序锯片,进行了635#花岗岩对比切割试验。对有序排布锯片的胎体磨损进行了分析,研究了金刚石浓度、锯片外径等因素对有序排布锯片锋利度与寿命的影响。研究发现:有序排布锯片边料层与中料层之间有个最佳金刚石浓度差,使得有序排布锯片具有最优的锋利度与寿命;有序锯片锋利度好于无序锯片,有序锯片切割性能较无序锯片稳定,有序排布锯片还可以减少金刚石浓度、节约金刚石用量、降低10%以上的金刚石材料成本。     

金刚石表面镀钛对金刚石锯片性能的影响

金刚石表面镀钛与否对Co基和Cu-Sn基胎体抗弯强度、金刚石锯片切割性能的对比研究表明,金刚石表面镀钛可提高金刚石工具的寿命切割效率,采用扫描电镜对抗弯强度试验样品断面和使用过的锯片刀头的观察分析,确立了镀钛层与不同胎体的结合类型。     

有序排列金刚石锯片中排列参数的设计

本文介绍了有序排列锯片制作的工艺流程,并且根据工艺流程制作了4片有序排布金刚石锯片.把这4片有序排列锯片和另外2片无序排列锯片用于混凝土的切割试验中,试验结果表明:不同排列方式的锯片切割性能不同,排布方式合理的有序排列金刚石锯片能明显提高切割锋利性,增加锯片寿命.本文从理论上分析了排布参数对切割性能的影响,提出横向间距和纵向间距是有序排列方式设计中最重要的参数.横向间距太小,切屑厚度小,不能有效地磨损胎体,让金刚石出刃,从而影响锯片的切割效率;横向间距过大,则单颗金刚石受力大,容易破碎或脱落,影响锯片的寿命;而纵向间距则关系到锯片的自锐问题.     

几种提高微晶石锯片综合应用性能的方法

近年来，微晶石作为新型的装饰材料在我国获得了广泛的应用。针对微晶石的难加工与锯切，从在金刚石刀头胎体中添加钨粉、采用制粒工艺以及设计多层结构刀头三方面探讨提高微晶石锯片的综合应用性能。结果表明：钨粉的添加能改善金刚石刀头的性能并提高锯片的寿命；制粒技术的应用可改善金刚石在胎体中的均匀分布和提高对金刚石的把持力；多层结构刀头有效提高了锯片的锋利度和切削质量。     

金刚石胎体Cu-Fe-Sn-Ce预合金粉的研究

为了改善铜基胎体金刚石锯片的切割性能,用雾化法制备了Cu-Fe-Sn-Ce预合金粉,该预合金粉形状为球状,粒径大约为5～15 μm.用粉末冶金法制备了Cu-Fe-Sn-Ce预合金粉金刚石刀头,研究了Cu-Fe-Sn-Ce预合金粉对金刚石圆锯片刀头的硬度、抗弯强度及切割石材寿命的影响;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对金刚石与金属胎体之间的粘结状况及金属胎体的微观结构进行了分析.结果表明:稀土元素加入金属胎体中,有利于Cu-Fe-Sn胎体抗弯强度和硬度的提高.铜基胎体Ⅱ在Ce的含量达到1.5%时抗弯强度达到最大值(477.65 MPa),硬度也达到最大值(102 HRB);从显微分析发现,Ce容易在金刚石与胎体界面处富聚,从而有利于提高胎体材料对金刚石的粘结强度.切割石材万年青和635石材试验表明:在切割寿命相当的情况下,与未含稀土Ce元素刀头的金刚石锯片相比,金刚石脱落度降低6.3%,金刚石锯片的切割速度分别由3.06 m/min和3.5 m/min提高到3.9 m/min和4.05 m/min.     

金刚石锯片刀头的制备及显微组织和性能分析

选择不同金刚石、粘结相和烧结工艺制备了金刚石锯片刀头，研究分析了锯片刀头的显微组织、性能及寿命。实验结果表明，金刚石锯片刀头用Cu、WC、Co作为粘结相可改善对固溶相的润湿性，同时添加少量Fe、Ni、Zn作粘结添加相进一步改善性能；经过在800℃保温120s的烧结后，刀头合金显微组织为在WC作为骨架的基体上分布着约50／60目金刚石硬质相，这种柔韧性的基体与适当的分散硬质相结合起来，提高了锯片刀头的硬度、切割性能、抗磨损能力及韧性，达到了预期效果。     

多层钎焊金刚石锯片的研制及基础分析

使用添加了合金粉A的Ni-Cr合金钎料制备金刚石表面钎焊金属化的磨粒,采用粉末冶金烧结技术制作了多层钎焊金刚石锯片、镀钛金刚石锯片和无镀覆金刚石锯片,并进行了对比切割试验。应用扫描电镜对表面钎焊金属化的金刚石磨粒界面及多层钎焊刀头断面进行了综合分析。结果表明:添加合金粉A既能保证Ni-Cr合金对金刚石磨粒的润湿,又能有效降低钎料对金刚石的损伤;多层钎焊锯片胎体与金刚石磨粒之间出现Ni元素的迁移现象,胎体与金刚石磨粒钎焊层形成了冶金结合;多层钎焊锯片比镀钛锯片具有更高的磨粒把持强度。     

铜基预钎焊金刚石锯片的界面分析及其性能研究

采用Cu-Sn-Ti钎料利用氩气保护高频感应钎焊对金刚石磨粒进行预钎焊处理。采用热压烧结工艺制作常规金刚石锯片、镀钛金刚石锯片和磨粒预钎焊金刚石锯片,并进行对比切割实验。通过三点抗弯实验测试上述三种节块的强度,并使用扫描电镜分析预钎焊金刚石磨粒界面和锯片节块断口的微观组织结构。结果表明:预钎焊金刚石磨料界面处存在元素的扩散现象并形成化学结合,且Cu-Sn-Ti钎料对金刚石磨粒的热损伤小;预钎焊金刚石节块的抗弯强度高于镀钛金刚石节块和常规金刚石节块;钎焊金刚石锯片刀头中金刚石与胎体之间同样存在元素的扩散现象,胎体与金刚石磨粒形成化学冶金结合;相同加工条件下,预钎焊金刚石锯片的切削效率相比于镀钛金刚石锯片和常规金刚石锯片分别提高7%和18%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。