超声挤出丙烯基塑性体／纳米SiO2复合材料的形貌与热性能研究

在超声波作用下，熔融挤出制备丙烯基塑性体（DP）／纳米SiO2复合材料，并研究了超声波对复合材料微观形貌、动态力学性能和结晶性能的影响。结果表明：纳米SiO2的加入提高了DP的储能模量，降低了耗能模量，并促使DP在更高温度下结晶，结晶焓变小。而超声波的引入有助于纳米SiO2在DP基体中均匀分散，导致复合材料的耗能模量升高，但降低了储能模量和玻璃化转变温度，同时复合材料的结晶温度提高，结晶焓下降。     

LLDPE／纳米SiO2复合材料的制备与性能研究

利用超声波分散，偶联剂对纳米SiO2进行了表面改性，用共混法制备了LLDPE/纳米SiO2复合材料，系统研究了该种新型复合材料的静态，动态力学性能和红外吸收性能，并与球磨机分散，偶联剂表面处理的纳米SiO2制备的LLDPE/纳米SiO2复合材料进行了对比。结果表明，纳米SiO2对LLDPE具有一定的增强，增韧作用；复合材料的贮能模量和损耗模量随SiO2含量的增加而增大，阻尼在-15-30℃范围内逐渐降低；复合材料的红外吸收能力较LLDPE明显提高，不同的分散，表面处理方法对纳米SiO2在基体中的分散性能影响不同。仅填加3份纳米SiO2时，常规分散，表面处理方法比基体树脂的红外吸收性能提高了42.5%。超声波分散，偶联剂表面处理方法比基体树脂提高了106.7%。     

聚氨酯弹性体/纳米SiO2复合材料的力学性能研究

采用预聚体的方法制备了聚氨酯弹性体(PUE)/纳米SiO2复合材料,通过AJ(OH)3对纳米SiO2表面改性以及超声波分散的方法来提高纳米SiO2在PUE基体中的分散性,并考查了表面处理前后的纳米SiO2对PUE/纳米SiO2复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:改性后的纳米SiO2能均匀分散于PUE基体中,复合材料的力学性能明显提高;纳米SiO2的用量对PUE/纳米SiO2复合材料的力学性能影响较大,并且当纳米SiO2的质量分数为2%和3%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度分别达到最大.     

纳米SiO_2/UP复合材料的力学性能和热性能研究

通过熔融共混、模压成型方法,制备了纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)/不饱和聚酯(UP)复合材料,研究了纳米SiO2含量对复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能和热膨胀性能的影响,采用SEM观察了复合材料的磨损面形貌。结果表明:当纳米SiO2含量为2.5%时,SiO2/UP复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度比纯UP分别提高了28.57%、8.43%;当纳米SiO2含量为3.5%时,SiO2/UP复合材料的玻璃化转变温度比纯UP提高了16℃;当纳米SiO2含量为0.5%时,SiO2/UP复合材料的热膨胀系数为41.367×10-6K-1;加入纳米SiO2后,SiO2/UP复合材料的磨损机理主要表现为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。     

偶联剂表面处理对复合材料静态力学性能的影响

利用纳米SiO2对氰酸酯树脂(CE)进行增韧改性,采用冲击强度、弯曲强度测试及扫描电子显微镜等手段研究了纳米SiO2含量对纳米SiO2/CE复合材料静态力学性能的影响;在此基础上,分别选用小分子偶联剂KH-560和大分子偶联剂SEA-171对纳米SiO2进行表面处理,进一步研究了界面结构对纳米SiO2/CE复合材料静态力学性能的影响,初步探讨了其作用机理。结果表明,纳米SiO2(尤其是以大分子偶联剂处理后的纳米SiO2)的加入提高了复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度。当SiO2质量分数为3%时,复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度达到最大,增幅分别为61.9%,44.2%。     

纳米SiO_2粒子在环氧树脂中的分散工艺研究

研究了纳米SiO2在环氧树脂中的均匀分散工艺,探讨了超声波振荡和超声波分散时间对纳米SiO2/EP复合材料力学性能的影响,确定了最佳分散工艺。SEM表明,采用高剪切与超声波复合分散工艺比高剪切工艺的分散效果好;测试了复合材料的力学性能,进一步证明纳米SiO2具有增韧增强作用。     

纳米SiO_2对微发泡聚丙烯复合材料发泡行为的影响

将改性的纳米二氧化(硅SiO2)以不同含量加入到聚丙(烯PP)中,在二次开模条件下制备微发泡PP/纳米SiO2复合材料,分析了纳米SiO2含量对微发泡复合材料发泡行为的影响。结果表明:随着纳米SiO2含量的增加,复合材料的平均泡孔直径减小,泡孔密度增加,当纳米SiO2含量为4%时,复合材料的泡孔直径为16.3μm泡,孔密度达1.41×109个/cm3具,有理想的发泡效果。     

双马来酰亚胺/环氧树脂/纳米SiO2复合材料的制备与性能研究

研究了纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）的含量对双马来酰亚胺（BMI）/环氧树脂(EP)/2,2′二烯丙基双酚A(DBA)/纳米SiO2复合材料的耐热性能、力学性能和吸水性能的影响。结果表明,当纳米SiO2的含量为2.0 %(质量分数,下同)时,BMI/EP/DBA/纳米SiO2复合材料具有较高的强度和良好的韧性,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度比BMI/EP/DBA复合材料分别提高了22.8 %、39.0 %和37.8 %;同时,纳米SiO2含量为 2.0 %时,BMI/EP/DBA/纳米SiO2复合材料具有优异的耐热性,其玻璃化转变温度、初始热分解温度和最大热分解温度分别为204、 410、451 ℃。     

纳米SiO_2界面处理对CE基复合材料静态力学性能的影响

将纳米SiO2先用大分子偶联剂SEA–171处理,再与偶氮二异丁腈发生接枝反应而锚固上偶氮引发剂,并通过热失重和元素分析证明了引发剂在纳米SiO2表面的锚固。利用纳米SiO2对氰酸酯树脂(CE)进行改性,研究了纳米SiO2的含量对CE/纳米SiO2复合材料静态力学性能的影响;分析了纳米SiO2复合材料界面的结构特征,探讨了其作用机理。结果表明,纳米SiO2的加入提高了复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度。当M–1的添加量为3%时,复合材料的冲击强度增幅56.4%;弯曲强度增幅为44.2%。当M–2的添加量为4%时,复合材料的冲击强度增幅为89.0%;弯曲强度增幅为53.8%。经过锚固处理后,纳米SiO2颗粒团聚程度减小,在高分子有机相中的分散更均匀。     

偶联剂表面处理对复合材料动态力学性能的影响

利用纳米SiO2对氰酸酯树脂(CE)进行改性,研究了纳米SiO2的含量对纳米SiO2/CE复合材料动态力学性能的影响;在此基础上,分别选用小分子偶联剂KH-560和大分子偶联剂SEA-171对纳米SiO2进行表面处理,进一步研究了界面结构对纳米SiO2/氰酸酯树脂复合材料动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,经SEA-171表面处理后的3.0%纳米SiO2/CE复合材料的储能模量比纯CE可提高近4倍,损耗模量可提高2.4倍,力学损耗因子可提高1.8倍。初步探讨了其作用机理。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.