利用工业废渣制备微晶玻璃的现状及前景

本文简单阐述了目前国内外利用工业废渣制备微晶玻璃的现状,以及利用工业废渣制备微晶玻璃的方法,并探讨工业废渣微晶玻璃的发展前景及值得关注的几个问题。目前,工业废渣的大量排放已造成严重的环境污染。因此,利用工业废渣制备微晶玻璃是解决废渣的有效途径,在陶瓷行业中值得大力推广。     

工业废渣在建筑玻璃工业中的研究现状及其应用

现代工业迅猛发展的同时，工业废渣的排放量与日俱增，这些废渣不仅占用大量土地，投入大量的运行和维护费用，而且对当地的环境造成极大的危害。因此，如何合理利用工业废渣，使之变废为宝、化害为利，具有十分重要的社会效益、环境效益和经济效益。     

利用工业废渣制备微晶玻璃进展

工业废渣大量排放造成了严重的环境污染,利用工业废渣制备矿渣微晶玻璃受到国内外的广泛关注.本文总结了目前已研究过用来制备微晶玻璃的工业废渣,并对其制备工艺、矿渣微晶玻璃成核和晶体长大等关键技术进行了阐述.认为工业废渣转制微晶玻璃是一项很有前景的材料开发和环保技术.     

我国利用尾矿和工业废渣生产微晶玻璃研究进展

近年来,我国在利用尾矿和工业废渣生产微晶玻璃研究上取得了长足进步,为减少工业废弃物排放、保护环境做出了很大贡献,综述了我国在利用尾矿和工业废渣生产微晶玻璃上的研究进展。     

Al2O3对花岗岩废渣微晶玻璃析晶及性能的影响

用熔融法制备了R_2O-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-Fe_2O_3系花岗岩废渣微晶玻璃,研究了Al_2O_3对微晶玻璃的晶相组成、显微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:当Al_2O_3含量(质量分数)为6.5%、7.5%、8.5%、9.5%时,微晶玻璃试样中主晶相均为氟闪石和铁板钛矿,次晶相为镁橄榄石。Al_2O_3含量达到10.5%时析出镁钛矿相,氟闪石相减少。添加8.5%Al_2O_3微晶玻璃试样的力学性能达到最佳,其抗弯强度和显微硬度分别为136.76 MPa、7.09 GPa。     

Na2SiF6晶核剂对废碎建筑玻璃制微晶玻璃的影响

利用废碎建筑玻璃制微晶玻璃,探讨不同含量的Na2SiF6晶核剂对微晶玻璃结构及性能的影响.用×RD和SEM及相关分析软件表征不同样品的晶相及微观形貌并测试试样的相关性能指标.实验结果表明:添加Na2SiF6晶核剂试样中形成三种晶相:Na2Ca3Si6O16、SiO2、Ca4F2Si2O7,其中Na2Ca3Si6O16和SiO2为主晶相,Na2SiF6晶核剂能够促进玻璃析晶.确定Na2SiF6最佳添加量为8%.对应的晶相(Na2Ca3Si6O16、SiO2、Ca4F2Si2O7)含量为54.56%,抗折强度为141.1 5MPa,体积密度为2.423g/cm3,吸水率为0.025%.     

废渣掺入量对钒渣微晶玻璃结构及性能的影响

以贵州省黔东南州某石煤提钒厂废渣为主要原料,取代基础玻璃组成中的Al2O3制备CaO～Al2O3～SiO2系微晶玻璃。采用DSC、XRD、SEM以及其他测试手段对样品进行分析,探讨了钒渣掺入量对微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响。实验结果表明:由DSC曲线确定核化与晶化温度分别为810℃和1000℃;对样品进行XRD分析,发现其主晶相为β-硅灰石,并且随着钒渣掺入量的增加,样品主晶相不发生变化。对11个样品进行综合比较后,发现9号样结构及性能最佳,其钒渣掺入量为63.62%,样品结构致密,气孔率低,抗折强度、吸水率及莫氏硬度明显优于天然石材。     

尾矿废渣微晶玻璃

尾矿废渣的日积月累给人类的生态环境带来了巨大的压力,加速对其综合利用已近在眉睫。本文简要介绍了用尾矿废渣制备具有高附加值的微晶玻璃的工艺技术,讨论了工业废渣和尾矿尾砂中部分化学成分对微晶玻璃制备工艺和性能的影响,还对尾矿废渣微晶玻璃的研究概况和应用前景进行了评述。     

微晶玻璃与工业废渣的绿色化利用

介绍了利用工业废渣研制微晶玻璃的优点,工业废渣的分类和研究现状,以及前景展望。     

碱法回收铝硅酸盐废渣中氧化铝的研究进展

在综述我国Al2O3行业及主要铝硅酸盐废渣的产生、排放现状的基础上,分析了Al2O3的回收价值及必要性. Si是碱法回收Al2O3过程中的主要杂质,铝硅酸盐废渣中Al2O3/SiO2质量比(A/S)约为1. 针对低A/S原料,分析了碱法工艺的基本原理,并介绍了4种基于拜耳法的改进方法：水热法、高压水化学/亚熔盐法、烧结法和预脱硅法,前两种通过改进溶出过程的反应条件,改变平衡相区,分别以含Fe相替换的水化钙石榴石和硅酸钠钙为平衡固相,降低平衡固相中的A/S;烧结法和预脱硅法在溶出前进行前处理,将Si固化、溶解脱除无定型SiO2,提高进料的A/S. 与拜耳法相比,4种碱法工艺均有效提高了Al与Si的分离效率. 比较了4种碱法工艺的Al2O3回收效果、适用范围及工业应用情况. 最后指出溶出过程中引入新物质,创造新的溶出体系,是碱法回收Al2O3工艺下一步的研究方向.     

固废源CaO基CO2捕集材料的制备与捕集性能研究进展

CO₂捕集技术是当前应对全球气候变化、缓解温室效应的重要途径。利用含钙固体废弃物制备高效CaO基CO₂捕集材料有利于实现固废资源高值化利用、以废治废和清洁生产,具有重要的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益。基于固废源高效廉价CaO基CO₂捕集材料的良好应用前景,本文介绍了工业废渣、生物质和其他含钙固体废弃物的产生与资源化利用现状,综述了CaO基吸附剂的捕集原理、碳酸化动力学过程和CO₂捕集性能,对比了以不同含钙固体废弃物为前驱体制备CaO基吸附剂的吸附-脱附循环性能和不同改性方法对其吸附稳定性的影响,从经济角度分析了固废源CaO基吸附剂在钢铁厂、燃煤电厂和生物制氢中的应用潜力,展望了固废源CaO基CO₂捕集材料的应用前景和发展方向。该文旨在为固废源CaO基吸附剂前驱体的选择、吸附性能的提高和固废吸附材料的工业应用提供帮助。     

Influence of the content of a surrogate of iron aluminate high-level wastes on the phase composition and structure of glassy materials for their immobilization

Alkali borosilicate glassy materials with high iron and aluminum oxide concentrations, which simulate vitrified high-level wastes from the Savannah River Site (United States) at their content ranging from 50 to 70 wt %, have been investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, optical and electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Quenched and slowly cooled samples containing 50 wt % wastes are glasses. Samples containing 60 and 70 wt % wastes, which were quenched on a metal slab, are predominantly glasses with an insignificant content of the spinel formed in a trevorite-magnetite solid solution. The slowly cooled samples also contain nepheline, and its amount increases with an increase in the waste content in the glassy materials.     

固体废弃物在超/近临界水中连续分解装置的研制

利用超／近临界水具有的特性,探索固体废弃物在超／近临界水中的再资源化技术。由于固体废弃物料在高温高压水中连续分解的反应装置。固体物料与水混成浆料供给反应器,解决了某些固体物料向高温高压反应器中的连续输送问题,浆料的固含量可达10％（wt）以上。并对模式物质——纤维素和木质素;实物——米糠、豆腐渣和稻壳等进行了连续分解实验,运行结果稳定。本工作证实了通过将固体废弃物与水混成浆料的方式,实现固体废弃物在超／近临界水中连续处理的可能性。     

The effects of cast industry waste of scale instead of cement on the mechanical and microstructural properties

The scale is a waste coming from the metal casting industry. It is an iron oxide layer formed as a result of oxidation after annealing on steel surfaces. Casting wastes, which have been left uncontrolled for many years, have caused considerable environmental damage. In the present paper, the mechanical properties and microstructural characterization of cement mortars, prepared by using scale coming from Turkey steel manufacturer were experimentally investigated. The steel scale was used as a partial replacement of cement. Recycling of solid waste scale is considered as an environmental-friendly alternative to solve the problem of disposing of wastes. Cement mortar admixtures were prepared by variable percentages of scale from 2% to 10%. The effect of scale on the strength of cement mortar was analyzed. The compressive strength values of all the specimens were recorded for 3, 7, and 28 days and the results showed that when the amount of scale replacement was increased, the strength increased slightly. However, cement mortar containing 4% wt. additive has shown the highest strength value at 3 and 28 days. As a result an optimum additive amount of scale in the cement mortar is found as 4% wt. Microstructural observation of the samples using SEM showed that scale particles were well embedded in the c matrix.     

利用粉煤灰等工业废料制备日用陶瓷的研究

针对目前火电厂大量排放粉煤灰,陶瓷工业产生大量废匣钵、废瓷粉但得不到充分利用的现象,为了使其变废为宝,本实验在长城陶瓷有限公司成熟的注浆泥配方的基础上,利用正交实验设计配方,经调整配方组成,加入了粉煤灰等工业废料,现己研制出清洁生产日用陶瓷的配方。其中粉煤灰、废匣钵、废瓷粉的含量分别是10%,10%,8%,工业废料的含量合计达到了28%。由于粉煤灰、废瓷粉和废匣钵的价格低廉,应用此技术则可以为企业带来可观的经济效益。     

Microstructural changes of processed vitrified solid waste products

Toxic lead-rich solid industrial wastes were stabilized by the vitrification method. Vitrification was attained by the addition of SiO₂ and Na₂O as vitrifying and melting agent, respectively. The non-toxic, homogeneous, vitreous products studied in the present work, contain 60 wt.% of solid waste. Products with such a high content of solid waste comprise an economically realistic suggestion, but are easily devitrified in conditions of large-scale production due to the difficulty to achieve rapid cooling conditions in the whole volume of a large piece of stabilized product. Thus, it must be ascertained that the loss of homogeneity is not accompanied with the loss of chemical stability. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) was applied in order to inspect the prospect to crystal phase separation. The separated crystal phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Possible devitrification processes are investigated in order to interconnect the microstructure with the chemical stability of the devitrified products.     

利用工业固体废弃物制备微晶泡沫玻璃的研究现状及展望

工业固体废弃物在一定程度上属于可以重新利用的资源,其综合利用问题一直备受国内外学者关注.分析了利用工业固体废弃物制备微晶泡沫玻璃的可行性.综述了以粉煤灰、煤矸石、废玻璃、高炉渣、尾矿和油页岩渣等工业固体废弃物为原料制备微晶泡沫玻璃的国内外研究进展,以期为相关科学研究工作和工业化生产提供参考和借鉴.总结了目前利用工业固体废弃物制备微晶泡沫玻璃亟待解决的问题.     

Vitrified galvanic waste chemical stability

Chemical stability evaluation is the main parameter to harmful industrial waste treatment process for legal ratification process. The inertization by glassing is an interesting technological option for the treatment of galvanic solid environment harmful wastes mainly due to the possibility to avoid its heavy metals content toxic action. In this study a vitrification process for galvanic waste incorporation with good chemical stability was presented. Glasses with up to 40 wt.% of galvanic solid waste by modifications in the basic composition of soda-lime glasses were prepared. After fusing at temperatures up to 1300 °C the glasses were characterized by FT-IR, XRF and XRD methods. The chemical stability was evaluated by hydrolytic, alkaline and acid attacks assays. Glasses with homogeneous and high chemical stability were obtained.     

化学法处理淀粉生产废水

介绍了用ＤＳＺ、ＰＡＭ、活性等化学处理方法,进行静态、动态处理淀粉废水的实验研究。其结果表明用化学絮凝、活性炭吸附的流程处理淀粉水的方法是可行的;所用的ＤＳＺ 决了ＤＳＺ的综合利用问题,减少了污染,达到了废 治废的目的;絮凝物经压滤脱水后掺在煤中做燃料,无二次污染问题,该方法经济合理。该实验结果在某市淀粉厂实施,取得了较好的效果。     

Recycling of silicon kerf waste for preparation of porous SiCw/SiC membrane supports by in situ synthesis

Recycling has enormous economic benefits and practical significance under the context of gradually increasing solid wastes. In order to recycle and reuse the silicon kerf waste, in this work, porous SiC_w/SiC ceramics were successfully prepared by in situ synthesis from silicon kerf waste and fired at 1400-1500°C for 4 hours. The results showed that these porous ceramics, reinforced by the interlocking whisker, revealed high apparent porosity (48.02%-51.76%) and cold compressive strength (5.68-9.54 MPa). Furthermore, the practicable pore size (2.09-2.53 μm) and decent durability showed the potential of these porous ceramics as membrane supports. This work verified the possibility of the SiC-based ceramics prepared from the silicon kerf waste.