Upgrading naphtha fractions from heavy petroleum residues

In the strategic program for growth of energy supplies of the Russian Federation in the years up to 2010, the target for 1997 is an increase of the depth of crude oil processing to 72–75%, and further increases to the level of 82–85% by 2005. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 12–13, July–August, 1997.     

A new method for isolation of asphaltenes from petroleum and its heavy residues

A new method for the determination of the asphaltene content in petroleum and its heavy residues was developed that is based on the use as a solvent of carbon dioxide in a mixture with n-heptane or carbon dioxide at its supercritical parameters. The method is useful not only for the quantitative determination of asphaltenes in petroleum and petroleum products but also for the isolation of asphaltenes in amounts sufficient for investigation of their composition and properties.     

Ion exchangers and adsorbents from petroleum residues

A cation exchanger with an exchange capacity of 4.85 meq/g and mechanical strength of 96% was obtained by sulfonation of a styrene copolymer grafted to petroleum asphaltite. It can be used for sorption of ions at temperatures up to 100°C and radiation doses of up to 6.710⁶ Gy. The adsorbents made from this type of raw material are characterized by a developed micropore structure. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 43–45, May–June, 2007.     

Production of petroleum pitch from oil refinery residues

The possibility of obtaining petroleum pitches from heavy pyrolysis resin, the heavy distillate formed in production of pitch from heavy pyrolysis resin, and heavy catalytic gasoil is examined. The composition and physicochemical properties of the petroleum pitches obtained and the intermediate products from the process are investigated. The important possibility of obtaining isotropic fiber-forming petroleum pitches with a yield of 20–23.1 wt. % from heavy pyrolysis resin in a unit with an intermittent reactor is demonstrated.     

Energy activation by petroleum residues in a disintegrator

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 26–28, January, 1992.     

Products of the reaction of petroleum residues with diisocyanates

Polyurethane derivatives of petroleum asphaltites that can be used as adhesive materials were obtained by reacting the products of condensation of resin-asphaltene components with formaldehyde-formalites and diisocyanates. In contrast to industrial polyurethane adhesives, they provide a stronger bond for metal surfaces (St3), are more resistant to variable temperatures from +60 to − 60°C, and to g radiation with a dose of up to 3.7 × 10⁶ Gy. __________ Translated from Khimiya I Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 47–49, July–August, 2008.     

Mechanisms of hydrocracking of heavy oil residues

Based on research data, a technology of low-pressure residual fuel oil hydrocracking with a suspended catalyst has been developed. The process has been refined on a laboratory setup. The reaction kinetics has been studied and the kinetic parameters have been evaluated. The optimum operation parameters that ensure maximum yield of gasoline fraction have been found.     

Grassroots petroleum refinery configuration for heavy oil processing

This paper presents a model-based optimization approach to design a grassroots petroleum refinery for heavy oil processing including residue treating and upgrading. The focus is to determine an optimal refinery configuration to produce light products from an atmospheric residue stream. The proposed linear model can consider a large number of heavy oil processing technologies (more than 70) including multiple operating modes to arrive at a configuration that meets an objective of maximizing profit or a certain fuel type production. Computational results show trends in agreement with real-world practice for residuum refining applications, thus contributing to substantiating practicality of the approach.