基于VR的声光环境对人体热舒适及生理反应的影响

通过人工气候室实验研究基于虚拟现实技术（VR）构建的声光环境对人体热感觉、热舒适及生理参数的影响及性别差异，分析主观投票和生理参数间的相关性。结果显示：偏冷环境下（20℃），暖色调声光环境可将热感觉投票向中性校正，冷色调声光环境可加剧受试者冷感，使其更不舒适；中性环境下（25℃），声光环境对热感觉、热舒适的影响较小；声光环境联合作用效果强于单独作用效果；性别差异在热感觉、热舒适方面最为显著，声、光环境对男性热感觉、热舒适的影响略强于对女性的影响；人体热感觉、热舒适均与多种生理参数间存在显著相关关系。     

桂林市某高校教学楼冬季室内热环境和热舒适性调查研究

以桂林市某高校教学楼第3层的4间教室为研究对象，对冬季室内热环境和学生的热舒适性感觉进行为期两天的直接测量和问卷调查，并对结果进行分析。结果表明：桂林高校教室冬季普遍温度过低且相对湿度较大，室内引入的新风量少、闷感强烈导致热环境较差；大部分学生对环境具有一定的适应能力，通过采取一些适应性行为调节自身的热舒适程度；桂林高校教室非空调环境下，冬季中性温度为19.9℃，期望温度为20.7℃。     

基于性别的严寒地区高校教学楼自然通风热舒适性研究

严寒地区夏季采用自然通风作为被动式降温手段,改善空气品质的同时减少能耗,其热舒适性会受到多因素影响。对严寒地区夏季自然通风条件下两种建筑布局的高校教学楼热环境进行实测,对影响热舒适的三种因素,温度、湿度以及受试者体重指数(bady mass index,BMI)进行调查研究,基于在室人员不同性别,进行差异性、相关性和显著性对比分析。结果表明:内廊式教学楼较中庭式教学楼有更好的热舒适性;操作温度与热舒适性密切相关,中性温度为27.96℃,其中男性为27.51℃,女性为28.26℃;相对湿度与操作温度负相关,且对热舒适性有较大影响;BMI与热舒适性呈现较低的相关性,其并不能明显影响热舒适性,但相同BMI下,男性热感觉略高于女性;利用Griffiths评价模型能准确预测严寒地区夏季舒适温度。     

金属泡沫内石蜡固液相变蓄热/放热实验

针对解决太阳能热利用过程中所面临的辐射强度不稳定、不连续和不均匀等关键问题,相变蓄热技术常与太阳能热利用系统耦合协同匹配,以实现稳定连续的热量输出。为了强化固液相变蓄热/放热过程、提高系统热储能效率,对金属泡沫内石蜡类相变材料(PCMs)在不同蓄热流体温度下的固液相变蓄热/放热特性开展了实验研究。设计并搭建了相界面可视化的蓄热/放热实验系统,实验过程中使用高清相机对相变过程中的相界面变化进行了记录。同时,通过在蓄热单元内部布置多个热电偶测点,对蓄热/放热过程中的温度变化规律进行了探究。实验结果表明,受自然对流影响,熔化过程中相界面由上至下变化;而凝固过程中由于初始时蓄热单元下部温度较低且存在自然对流,此时相界面自下而上变化。蓄热流体温度越高,熔化所需时间越短,与蓄热流体温度为65℃的工况相比,蓄热流体温度为85℃、80℃、75℃、70℃工况的完全熔化时间分别减少了56.0%、46.7%、15.4%和26.7%。当采用不同温度的流体进行蓄热工况时,相变材料内部温度呈现出具有明显差别的温升规律。尽管如此,当采用相同温度的换热流体进行放热工况时,相变材料的放热温度仍趋于一致。     

热系统内表面温度对空间有效温度场的影响

通过将平均辐射温度引入到建筑热舒适性传热计算中的方法简化建筑热舒适性和能耗的相互关系及其计算公式 ,进行平均辐射温度和房间的有效温度分布情况对热舒适性的影响分析。用这种方法来比较在不同热辐射换热和对流换热工况下变墙面温度时建筑内的热舒适性。理论分析和辐射、对流换热及其结合工况的热舒适性测试数据结果分析表明 ,热舒适性可以用平均辐射温度和有效温度来表征。用平均辐射温度和有效温度分析计算热建筑舒适性的方法 ,在优化建筑热系统的设计时 ,也有非常重要的参考价值。     

兰州市某高校学生公寓春季热舒适调查研究

为探究高校学生公寓春季室内热舒适状况,采用现场测试与问卷调查相结合的方法对兰州市某高校14间学生公寓室内热环境状况进行了现场调查研究,共获得181份有效人体热反应样本。运用统计分析法对受试者的热感觉、衣服热阻与操作温度进行了回归分析。结果表明,春季公寓内学生着装的平均服装热阻为0.689clo,90.1%的学生对室内20.4℃的平均温度表示接受;实测热中性温度为17.8℃,预测热中性温度为19.8℃,所期望的室内温度为18.7℃;80%的学生可接受的操作温度范围是17.7~22.1℃,其热接受温度下限比同属寒冷地区西安市的高3.2℃。该研究结果可为兰州高校学生公寓室内热环境的控制和制定其室内热舒适标准提供参考。     

室内自然通风环境热舒适性研究

通过建立室内自然通风模型,研究了系统在不同温度、不同进风口风速及不同外窗开度情况耦合工况下,人体热舒适感受能够承受的温度上限和空气流速与外窗开度的适用范围。结果表明,室内热舒适性会随室外温度升高而明显恶化,温度达28.5℃时超过热舒适性指标国家标准推荐值;各因子中,风速及温度对室内热舒适性影响比重相对较轻,外窗开度的影响最大;20%为外窗开度下限,随开度的增大室内热舒适性增强;风速增加带来的不适"吹风感"也需考虑,该个体差异性感受会使得室内热舒适性迅速下降。     

基于太阳能新风系统室内热环境分析研究

太阳能新风技术的应用,不仅可以降低建筑能耗,而且能够改善建筑环境的舒适性,它的研究与开发对于能源的可持续利用具有重要的价值.通过建立以太阳能为热源的太阳能新风房间,利用温度、热流巡检仪以及便携式热舒适仪等装置对太阳能新风房间与普通房间的温度、热流等参数变化进行了对比实验.分析冬季工况下太阳能新风房间热特性情况,同时利用...     

双层相变蓄能辐射地板传热特性实验研究CSCD

本文构建了一种可用于供暖和供冷两种工况的相变蓄能辐射地板系统,该系统包含蓄冷和蓄热两层石蜡相变材料,相变点分别为18℃和34℃,针对该相变地板蓄冷和蓄热层上下相对位置的变化,通过实验研究了在供暖水温45℃和供冷水温15℃两种工况下,这两种不同结构的相变地板的传热特性,以及相变层对找平层、地板层等结构层的影响。结果表明,该相变地板系统可用于供热和供冷两种工况,两种结构模式下,不同结构层在蓄能过程中温度变化特性均相近,但释能过程温度变化特性区别较大。结构的变化对实验箱体内气温在供暖时影响较大,而在供冷时影响不大。综合供冷供暖两种工况,从系统冷量和热量的传递结果考虑,蓄热层在上、蓄冷层在下的结构传热性能更优,可缓解地板温度过快下降带来的热舒适性差及结露问题。     

基于热重和拉伸实验的XLPE电缆绝缘热老化状态分析及机理研究

工况下交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘材料的老化会导致其较预期相对较早达到寿命终点,威胁输电系统的可靠运行。采用热老化来模拟工况环境下电缆的老化过程,选取100 ℃、120 ℃和140 ℃和160 ℃ 4个不同的老化温度,在每个温度点选取6个老化阶段,研究不同老化温度和老化时间对XLPE电缆绝缘试样性能的影响。通过热重和拉伸测试研究电缆的热性能、机械性能及其结构随老化程度的变化,得到电缆绝缘试样的热老化活化能、起始分解温度、最快分解温度、终止分解温度、断裂伸长率和拉伸强度等参数。研究结果表明：活化能、起始分解温度、最快分解温度和断裂伸长率对电缆老化状态较为敏感;随着老化温度从100 ℃增加到160 ℃,这些参数均呈现先略微增大后迅速减小的趋势,说明XLPE电缆绝缘材料热老化在低温范围以结晶作用为主,而在高温范围以热裂解为主。     

Ground water level influence on thermal response test in Adana,Turkey

For optimum design of borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) and ground sources heat pump (GSHP) applications, determination of underground thermal properties is required. The design and economic feasibility (number and depth of boreholes) of these systems need thermal conductivity of geological structure, λ (W m^?1 K^?1), and thermal resistance of ground heat exchanger, R (K W^?1 m). Thermal properties measured in laboratory experiments do not coincide with data of in situ conditions. Therefore, in situ thermal response test equipment has been developed and used in Canada, England, Germany, Norway, U.K., U.S.A. and Sweden to ensure precise designing of BTES systems. This paper describes the results and evaluations of the Adana continual thermal response test measurements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermal wave measurements in superfluid helium II

In this paper, a thermal wave in the bath of superfluid helium II is measured by a new type of superconductor temperature sensor under different heat fluxes and bath temperatures, and at the same time, a thermal shock wave is also studied experimentally and theoretically. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(5): 419–425, 2001     

First in situ determination of ground and borehole thermal properties in Latin America

The design of a ground heat exchanger for Underground Thermal Energy Storage (UTES) applications requires, among other parameters, knowledge of the thermal properties of the soil (thermal conductivity, borehole thermal resistance and undisturbed soil temperature). In situ determination of these properties can be done by installing a vertical borehole heat exchanger (BHE) and performing the so-called thermal response test (TRT). The present paper describes the results of a cooperative work between research groups of Chile and Argentina, which led to the first thermal response test performed in Latin America. A setup for implementing the TRT was prepared at the “Solar Energy Laboratory” of the Technical University Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile. The test was realized over 9 days (24 June to 3 July 2003) while inlet and outlet fluid temperatures of the BHE and the ambient temperature were measured every minute. A comparison between conventional slope determination method, Geothermal Properties Measurement (GPM) data evaluation software based on numerical solutions to the differential equations governing the heat transfer processes and two variable-parameter fitting was performed in order to calculate the thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance. The detailed study of ground properties in different regions of Chile and Latin America (Argentina, Brazil) is a good precondition for future investigation and application of the Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) technology in the region.     

PCM thermal insulation in buildings

This paper presents the results of a numerical and experimental study of phase change material (PCM) filled walls and roofs under real operational conditions to achieve passive thermal comfort. The numerical part of the study was based on a one-dimensional model for the phase change problem controlled by pure conduction. Real radiation data was used to determine the external face temperature. The numerical treatment was based upon using finite difference approximations and the ADI scheme. The results obtained were compared with field measurements. The experimental set-up consisted of a small room with movable roof and side wall. The roof was constructed in the traditional way but with the phase change material enclosed. Thermocouples were distributed across the cross section of the roof. Another roof, identical but without the PCM, was also used during comparative tests. The movable wall was also constructed as is done traditionally but with the PCM enclosed. Again, thermocouples were distributed across the wall thickness to enable measurement of the local temperatures. Another wall, identical but without the PCM, was also used during comparative tests. The PCM used in the numerical and experimental tests was composed of a mixture of two commercial grades of glycol in order to obtain the required fusion temperature range. Comparison between the simulation results and the experiments indicated good agreement. Field tests also indicated that the PCM used was adequate and that the concept was effective in maintaining the indoor temperature very close to the established comfort limits. Further economical analysis indicated that the concept could effectively help in reducing the electric energy consumption and improving the energy demand pattern. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

优化水冷壁辐射特性节能技术在135MW机组锅炉上的应用

广东罗定电厂135MW机组锅炉长期处于低效率运行状态,燃烧热损失较大,通过优化水冷壁辐射特性的节能改造,改善了着火燃烧条件,优化了燃烧过程,使锅炉适应了实际燃煤和调峰运行的需要,提高了锅炉热效率.优化水冷壁辐射特性的节能技术对目前电力、工业锅炉的节能减排有重要意义.     

D.C. scanning thermal microscopy: Characterisation and interpretation of the measurement

The used Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) probe is a thin Pt resistance wire acting as a heat source and as a detector simultaneously. Its energetic balance is investigated by the study of the temperature profile along the probe. A theoretical approach of the measurement, based on this investigation, is then proposed. Simulations with this modelling are shown to predict how the heat, electrically produced in the probe, is dissipated in the probe-sample system. In particular, it is shown that the steady-state of conduction losses to the thermal element support varies versus the thermal conductivity of the sample and can lead to bad interpretations of the measurement.     

宽温域中碳纤维导热特性研究

碳纤维作为一种被广泛应用的微纳米材料,对其导热性能的测量研究一直被作为对碳纤维性能研究的重要内容。在利用氦气的气体液化基础上搭建的超低温实验环境中,基于瞬态电热法对处于290到10 K温度内的碳纤维样品的导热性能进行研究。实验发现,当实验温度低于某一特定温度后,材料的热扩散率表现出与声子散射分析相反的实验结果。通过引入热扩散系数倒数这一理论研究声子热阻在低温下的变化,分析得出,当实验环境温度低于某一特定温度后,低温会造成碳纤维材料内的石墨微晶体结构发生变化,从而造成材料热扩散率下降。     

公共建筑节能设计中几个问题的探讨

本文对执行《公共建筑节能设计标准》(GB 50189-2005)中几个常见的重要问题进行探讨,包括围护结构热工性能参数分类、建筑朝向判别、外墙平均传热系数计算、地面和地下室热阻计算。     

中密度纤维板纤维干燥系统热能应用分析

综述了当前中密度纤维板(MDF)生产过程中纤维干燥工序热能供应的工况参数,重点分析了基于热能中心能源供应模式下纤维干燥工序热能的优化应用,提出了MDF生产工艺进一步节能的设计思路.     

太阳能热发电用储热混凝土制备的研究

研究了以铝酸盐水泥为胶凝剂,以具有较大比热容的焦宝石和铝矾土等作为集料,添加高导热性的碳化硅和钢纤维,并选用性能优异的复合高效减水剂,制备可用于聚光式太阳能热发电的新型混凝土储热材料。