小麦麸皮固态发酵的研究应用现状

小麦麸皮是小麦粉碾磨过程产生的最主要副产物,含有丰富的生物活性物质,可作为固态发酵过程中微生物生长的基质,用于各种工业生产领域。综述小麦麸皮固态发酵在代谢产物生产、微生物菌剂制备、全谷物食品加工及饲料替代等领域的国内外研究应用现状,并对其未来的研究发展方向进行展望,以期为小麦麸皮固态发酵系统研究提供参考。     

综合利用粮食粉尘的酿酒试验

在固态发酵、固态蒸馏的白酒生产过程中，粮食粉尘是整个生产过程中一种必然的副产物，利用特定的工艺可使其中的淀粉尽可能的转化成经济产品──酒，实验结果表明，只要对工艺严抓细管，其出酒率可提高到２０％。     

综合利用粮粉尘的酿酒试验

在固态发酵、固态蒸馏的白酒生产过程中，粮食粉尘是整个生产过程中一种必然的副产物，利用特定的工艺可使其中的淀粉尽可能的转化成经济产品一酒，实验结果表明，只要对工艺严抓细管，其出酒率可提高到２０％。     

热处理过程中β-胡萝卜素的副产物分析

应用凝胶渗透色谱等分析手段检测后发现: β-胡萝卜素熔融后只产生极少量副产物;40℃加热氯仿溶液一周会生成了从小分子化合物到聚合物的一系列物质;固态40℃加热1W后β-胡萝卜素的聚合反应和氧化反应都非常剧烈.生成了标定分子量从431到11511的副产物基本不发生降解.同时对不同条件下β-胡萝卜素样品的副产物类型和结构作了分析,并推测聚合反应可能是最主要的副反应途径.本方法有助于人们更全面地认识β-胡萝卜素在热处理过程中的变化规律.     

白酒发酵副产物对白酒调味的应用

白酒生产时的主产物是蒸馏时掐取的中段酒,固态副产物为丢糟,液态副产物主要包括酒头、酒尾、黄水、尾水等,其都属于"自身发酵产物"。对酒尾进行分析处理,作为低档白酒调味使用。通过实验,改变添加酒尾浓度,可以改善酒的质量,赋予其自然感、协调感,减少污染,节约成本。     

酒糟的综合利用

酒糟的综合利用夏邦旗（安徽省分析测试中心）互概述酒糟是酿酒行业的下脚料，它包括固态酒糟、液态酒精糟、液态白酒糟、黄酒糟及啤酒糟。１．１固态酒糟是生产大曲酒的一种特殊副产物。每生产Ｉｔ大曲酒（６５”），约产酒糟３ｔ，折合干糟３．Ｚｔ。据测定固态酒糟含粗...     

微生物对白酒酒糟的转化利用研究进展

微生物发酵在对生产固态白酒副产物白酒糟的转化利用方面的应用日益凸显。针对近年来微生物发酵白酒糟产物在降低饲料霉菌毒素、生产高附加值精饲料、生产饲料添加剂方向的研究进行综述,对其在动物饲料上的应用效果进行阐述,同时对微生物技术在白酒糟转化方向上的应用前景进行展望。     

低盐固态发酵法酿造裙带菜酱油的工艺研究

以裙带菜茎、粮食副产物为原料,采用低盐固态发酵酿造裙带菜酱油。结果表明,裙带菜酱油发酵最佳条件为盐水质量浓度13%,盐水量比例(g/mL)1∶1.2,前17天发酵温度40℃,后13天发酵温度45℃。采用裙带菜茎与粮食副产物混合制曲工艺制得的裙带菜酱油符合国家标准,海鲜风味浓郁,营养丰富。     

提高糟烧白酒产品质量和出酒率的探讨

糟烧白酒是生产黄酒的副产物-酒糟,经湿热作用蒸馏而得的酒精饮料。产品主要成份来自黄酒发酵醪经压榨后的糟粕截留下来的酒精等成份或酒糟经二次固态发酵时,加上残存微生物所分泌的各种酶类水解残余淀粉、蛋白质及酒精、乳酸等先液态后固态两次发酵作用的结果。加强科学研究,不断总结经验教训,是提高和进一步提高产品质量及出酒率的唯一途征。     

黄酒糟二次固态发酵生产糟烧白酒的初步研究

黄酒糟为黄酒生产副产物,经过第一次固态发酵蒸馏糟烧后的残糟,干糟中的粗淀粉含量仍高达15%-20%,为使残糟得到进一步利用,将残糟进行第二次固态发酵生产糟烧白酒,在不增加发酵场地的情况下,使糟烧得率从17%左右提高到40%以上。     

Fruit Wastes Fermentation for Phenolic Antioxidants Production and Their Application in Manufacture of Edible Coatings and Films

Agro-industrial by-products are important sources of potent bioactive phenolic compounds. These compounds are of extreme relevance for food and pharmacological industries due to their great variety of biological activities. Fermentation represents an environmentally clean technology for production and extraction of these bioactive compounds, providing high quality and high activity extracts, which can be incorporated in foods using coatings/films wax-based in order to avoid alterations in their quality. In this document is presented an overview about importance and benefits of solid-state fermentation, pointing out this bioprocess as an alternative technology for use agro-industrial by-products as substrates to produce valuable secondary metabolites and their applications as food quality conservatives.     

基于微生物固态发酵豆粕转化大豆异黄酮的研究

大豆异黄酮具有较高的营养价值和生理保健功能,现已广泛应用到食品、饲料和医药等领域中。为了研究EM菌、枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 6633和植物乳酸杆菌ATCC 8014单独和混合发酵对大豆异黄酮 (Soybean insoflavones, SIF)转化效率的研究,本实验将接种量的接种水平全部考虑进去建立微生物固态发酵和菌种组合的方法,通过真空密封发酵和高效液相色谱(High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)分析方法研究大豆异黄酮中糖苷转化为苷元的效率,此外,还研究了饲料发酵后的干物质含量和在优化条件下样品的重复性研究。结果表明,三种微生物的单独发酵都比混合发酵的效果好,在7 d后枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 6633单独发酵的效果最好,其苷元含量占大豆异黄酮的比例达到64.56%,且样品重复性和稳定性较高,从而为工业化发酵转化SIF提供一定的理论基础和参考依据。     

Plant food by-products as feed: Characteristics,possibilities, environmental benefits,and negative sides

Modern society accumulates huge amounts of waste material, particularly in the food industry, where manipulation is usually inadequate and causes a serious ecological problem. As this state is unsustainable and a concern for the future, food by-products must be used as raw materials in further production, because they are often still rich in nutrients or bioactive compounds. This paper provides a comprehensive review of plant food by-product application in animal nutrition around the world. In addition, special attention is paid to ecological benefits, and warns about the potential hazards and negative sides of plant food by-products usage in animal nutrition.     

Trends in the use of natural antioxidants in active food packaging: a review

The demand for natural antioxidant active packaging is increasing due to its unquestionable advantages compared with the addition of antioxidants directly to the food. Therefore, the search for antioxidants perceived as natural, namely those that naturally occur in herbs and spices, is a field attracting great interest. In line with this, in the last few years, natural antioxidants such as α-tocopherol, caffeic acid, catechin, quercetin, carvacrol and plant extracts (e.g. rosemary extract) have been incorporated into food packaging. On the other hand, consumers and the food industry are also interested in active biodegradable/compostable packaging and edible films to reduce environmental impact, minimise food loss and minimise contaminants from industrial production and reutilisation by-products. The present review focuses on the natural antioxidants already applied in active food packaging, and it reviews the methods used to determine the oxidation protection effect of antioxidant active films and the methods used to quantify natural antioxidants in food matrices or food simulants. Lastly consumers’ demands and industry trends are also addressed.     

Consumers’ attitude towards food by-products: the influence of food technology neophobia,education and information

The aim of the present study was to investigate how food technology neophobia level, socio-economic variables and information about novel foods and technologies may affect consumers’ attitude towards uses of food by-products in relation to positive effects on environment and consumers’ health. Results suggested that education and, most of all food technology neophobia and information, can be critical factors in facilitating the widespread adoption of new food technologies. Moreover, positive attitudes towards food by-products were found, even in people characterised by a greater food neophobia and lower education level. These positive attitudes could be considered a starting point for the food industry to design novel recycling strategies of food by-products in the perspective of the circular economy.     

番木瓜加工副产物综合利用研究进展

番木瓜是番木瓜科番木瓜属多年生肉质草本植物,具有较高的营养价值和药用价值。其含有丰富的糖类、多酚、番木瓜碱,有机酸等物质,具有抗氧化、降血糖及抑菌等多种功效,用途甚广。番木瓜皮、籽、叶具有多种活性物质,副产物加工具有巨大的经济效益。但目前木瓜副产品较少,利用率较低,造成极大的浪费。本综述整理番木瓜加工过程产生的副产物及其功能活性成分在食品工业中的应用,以期对番木瓜副产物合理应用,减少环境污染提供科学指导。     

外源物质对杂环胺生成的影响研究进展

杂环胺(heterocyclic amines, HCAs)是在高温长时间加工下形成的一种有害物质,具有致癌性、致突变性、心肌毒性和神经毒性。在肉制品加工过程中,杂环胺的有效抑制一直是一个被广泛关注的问题。本文重点介绍了近3年在肉制品加工过程中添加植物提取物、调味料、保水性物质、氨基酸、植物油及食品加工副产物等外源物质对杂环胺生成的影响,并详细综述了这几种外源物质对肉制品中杂环胺生成的促进或抑制作用机制,最后对杂环胺减控的未来前景进行展望,为后续研究杂环胺的有效抑制提供参考。     

Organochlorine compounds in Lake Superior: chiral polychlorinated biphenyls and biotransformation in the aquatic food web

The enantiomeric composition of seven chiral PCB congeners was measured in the Lake Superior aquatic food web sampled in 1998, to determine the extent of enantioselective biotransformation in aquatic biota. All chiral PCB congeners studied (CBs 91, 95, 136, 149, 174, 176, and 183) biomagnified in the Lake Superior aquatic food web, based on biomagnification and food web magnification factors greater than unity. PCB atropisomers were racemic in phytoplankton and zooplankton, suggesting no biotransformation potential toward PCBs for these low trophic level organisms. However, Diporeia and mysids had significantly nonracemic residues for most chiral congeners studied. This observation suggests that these macrozooplankton can stereoselectively metabolize chiral congeners. Alternatively, macrozooplankton obtained nonracemic residues from feeding on organic-rich suspended particles and sediments, which would imply that stereoselective microbial PCB biotransformation may be occurring in Lake Superior sediments at PCB concentrations far lower than that previously associated with such activity. Widely nonracemic PCB residues in forage fish (lake herring, rainbow smelt, and slimy sculpin) and lake trout suggest a combination of both in vivo biotransformation and uptake of nonracemic residues from prey for these species. Minimum biotransformation rates, calculated from enantiomer mass balances between predators and prey, suggest metabolic half-lives on the order of 8 yr for CB 136 in lake trout and 2.6 yr for CB 95 in sculpins. This result suggests that significant biotransformation may occur for metabolizable PCB congeners over the lifespan of these biota. This study highlights the potential of chiral analysis to study biotransformation processes in food webs.     

Effect of sterilisation on dietary fibre and physicochemical properties of onion by-products

Food industries are forced to develop productions without secondary residues. Therefore, there is a considerable emphasis on the recovery, recycling and upgrading of wastes. The possibility has been suggested for the conversion of onion waste into food ingredients, but with a stabilisation treatment being necessary. The objective of this work was to study the effect of sterilisation on fibre fractions, fibre composition and physicochemical properties of onion by-products to evaluate the use of sterilised onion by-products as a source of fibre.     

胶原凝胶性质影响因素的研究进展

为解决畜禽及鱼类副产物利用率不高以及胶原凝胶类食品品类单一的问题,本文介绍胶原的概念、来源和结构,简述胶原的凝胶性质,综述胶原浓度、胶原溶液pH值、加热温度等环境因素对胶原凝胶性质的影响和γ-聚谷氨酸、卡拉胶、天然植物多元酚、醇类、盐、谷氨酰胺转氨酶和聚丙烯酸钠7 种添加物对胶原凝胶性质改良的研究进展,指出目前胶原凝胶研究的不足之处和未来研究的可能方向,旨在为利用此类副产物进行胶原凝胶类食品研发以及更好地将胶原凝胶应用于食品工业等领域提供思路和依据。