工艺因素对水热电泳沉积硅酸钇涂层显微结构的影响

采用水热电泳沉积法在C/C-SiC复合材料表面制备了硅酸钇抗氧化外涂层.研究了沉积电流密度和低温热处理对硅酸钇涂层的影响.采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对涂层的相组成和显微结构进行了表征.结果表明:采用声化学法制备的硅酸钇微晶颗粒尺寸为25～40nm.随着沉积电流密度增加,硅酸钇涂层均匀性、致密性先逐渐增加后降低.当电流密度超过0.04 A/cm2时会导致涂层表面开裂.进行低温热处理,涂层表面硅酸钇纳米晶出现熔融现象;随热处理温度增加,涂层表面呈现玻璃化趋势.当热处理温度达1200℃时,表面完全熔融,形成致密的硅酸钇玻璃层.涂层在1500℃静态空气中,经过氧化10 h后,失重仍然小于2%.     

钇铝石榴石纤维的制备和应用研究进展

钇铝石榴石纤维具有耐高温、抗氧化、低导热率、优异的抗高温蠕变性和良好的光学性能,是一种理想的结构增强材料、绝热耐火材料和光学材料.本文重点评述了近年来钇铝石榴石纤维制备和应用的研究进展,并展望了钇铝石榴石纤维制备和应用的发展趋势.     

炭／炭复合材料高温抗氧化研究的现状

对炭／炭复合材料的高温抗氧化研究现状进行了全面介绍,重点侧重于抗氧化涂层制备方法及研究的最新进展。在此基础上,提出了1650℃以上抗氧化涂层研究的新思路。     

石墨电极高温抗氧化技术研究现状

概述石墨电极抗氧化技术的研究现状，重点介绍选择抗氧化涂层体系的要求及涂层制备方法，包括包埋浸渗法、化学气相沉积法、等离子喷涂法及溶胶一凝胶法。展望了石墨电极材料高温抗氧化涂层研究的方向。     

炭材料的高温抗氧化性研究进展

介绍了炭材料的氧化过程,综述了国内外目前提高炭材料抗氧化性能的两个主要途径;基体改性技术和涂层技术。重点阐述了抗氧化涂层的基本要求,涂层的制备方法以及各涂层体系,提出了对于炭材料高温抗氧化性研究方面的一些认识,阐明了其发展前景。     

涂覆工艺对金属基陶瓷涂层高温抗氧化性能影响的研究

将陶瓷粘结料与Cr2O3或重烧MgO制成料浆,采用刷涂、浸渍和喷涂三种涂敷方法和高温熔烧工艺制备金属基Cr2O3或MgO质高温抗氧化陶瓷涂层。研究了三种涂敷方法、涂层厚度对涂层试样高温抗氧能力的影响规律。结果表明:当料浆组成、涂层厚度和熔烧制度相同条件下,采用喷涂工艺所制备的涂层试样具有最佳的抗氧化能力,且Cr2O3和MgO质陶瓷涂层在1200℃、30h的抗氧化能力分别是金属基体的约62倍和16倍。采用SEM对涂层的显微结构进行了表征,揭示涂覆工艺与涂层结构和抗氧化能力之间的关系。     

C/C复合材料SiC-MoSi2-WSi2抗氧化涂层的制备及性能研究

为提高C/C复合材料的高温抗氧化性能,以聚碳硅烷(PCS)浸渍裂解法和Si,Mo,W粉浆料刷涂反应法在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC-MoSi2-WSi2复合涂层,借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等分析手段,对涂层的微观形貌、组织结构及物相进行分析研究,优化涂层制备工艺,考察了涂层的高温抗氧化性能,分析了抗氧化机理.制备的SiC-MoSi2-WSi2复合涂层厚度200 μm左右,主要由SiC,MoSi2,WSi2构成.1500℃氧化试验结果表明复合涂层的静态氧化失重率较SiC单层涂层降低50％以上,较大地改善了C/C复合材料的抗氧化性能.     

碳化硅基材料抗氧化涂层的研究进展

碳化硅基材料具有优良的高温性能,但作为非氧化物陶瓷,碳化硅材料的高温氧化造成的性能衰减限制了其进一步的广泛应用.本文通过分析碳化硅的氧化机理,对比和总结了碳化硅抗氧化涂层的制备方法和涂层体系,并结合实际工作对碳化硅抗氧化涂层的研究提出了具体的见解.     

铁铬铝基高温抗氧化陶瓷涂层粘结料优化

从高温涂层的抗氧化性、热震性研究入手,详细探讨了粘结料的始熔温度、熔融温度范围以及热膨胀系数对敞开体系1300℃下熔烧制备FeCrAl基高温(1200℃)抗氧化陶瓷涂层性能的影响,优化出具有良好性能的高温(1200℃)粘结料. 研究结果表明,具有合适的始熔温度、熔融温度范围和较高热膨胀系数的高温粘结料是制备性能优良的陶瓷涂层的基础. 实验中采用了热态显微镜、高温热膨胀仪等测试手段对粘结料性能进行了表征,揭示了涂层性能与结构之间的关系.     

动态过程钢坯高温抗氧化涂料的研究

针对红热动态钢坯研制了一种高温抗氧化涂料,对涂料在动态钢坯基体上的高温抗氧化性能、高温防脱碳性能等进行了研究.结果表明涂料能有效降低钢坯在1 300℃以下的氧化烧损,减缓钢坯表层的元素贫化和脱碳,同时,还探索了高温下涂层的抗氧化机理,分析了涂层应用过程中的高温气膜作用、熔融屏蔽组分作用和层状功能组分作用.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。