OCLC library holdings: assessing availability of academic books in libraries in print and electronic compared to citations and altmetrics

Scientometrics - Although library holding data is constructed upon work format of books, it is less known how much print and electronic books in libraries contribute to the library holding counts....     

Factors to evaluate a patent in addition to citations

The emergence of patent citations as a tool for patent estimation has been subjected to equally vocal champions and critics. In additional to patent citation, this article aims to contribute other factors, including court decisions, claim language, extension cases, patent family and portfolio, which should be deliberated during patent evaluation. It introduces the subject-matter by discussing the specialties and peculiarities of these proposed factors. Furthermore, comparisons between the patent citations and these factors are presented by illustrating several well-known patents. The results of the comparisons reveal that an adverse conclusion might be drawn if a patent is estimated only based on citations. The conclusion supports Meyer’s study that “the general nature of a common framework for both scientific and patent citations would severely limit its usefulness.” Therefore, those factors discussed in the article would be a great asset in patent evaluation. However, it only illustrates their impact on patent estimation using a couple well-known patents. Future research would be needed to investigate these factors in a more detailed manner.     

Detecting and analyzing missing citations to published scientific entities

Scientometrics - Proper citation is of great importance in academic writing for it enables knowledge accumulation and maintains academic integrity. However, citing properly is not an easy task. For...     

The use of citations matrices to group journals

A method of grouping journals within a wide discipline area into clusters is proposed, based on a algorithm that attempts to re-order a citations matrix so that it is block diagonal, or block recursive. The algorithm is based on a penalty function which allows one to account for the level of citation, not just the distribution of citations between journals. A case study involving eight economics journals is presented which illustrates the principles involved, but which also highlights the computational problems associated with extending the analysis to larger numbers of journals.The permission of the Institute for Scientific Information to access data from theSocial Science Citations Index ^® is gratefully acknowledged, as are the comments of a reviewer, who brought additional literature to my attention.     

The money value of citations to single-authored and multiple-authored articles

This note presents evidence for the surprising conclusion that a citation to a multiple-authored article is worth more to its author than a citation to a single-authored article.     

Reassessing the N-rays reference network: The role of self citations and negative citations

In his article networks of Scientific Papers,Price argued that the N-rays reference network exhibits characteristics one would expect for a cumulative and rapidly developing research area. Although subsequent researchers have questioned Price's characterization of the N-rays network, there have been no replications of Price's work for either the N-rays literature or for any other literature. We reexamine the N-rays reference network, this time distinguishing negative citations and self citations from other citations. Although previous studies of negative and self citations show they are relatively infrequent in scientific literatures, we find that both are very prominent in the N-rays literature. In addition, we show that self citations comprise most of the recency effect observed in the N-rays reference network, and that the high level of self citations in the N-rays literature results primarily from the character of the journal that published the majority of the N-rays papers. Our findings therefore support those who have been skeptical about Price's claim that the N-rays reference graph exemplifies basic characteristics of the structure of scientific literatures.     

Title characteristics and citations in economics

We provide a view of the literature aging features in the sciences and social sciences, at different aggregation levels, of major fields, subfields, journals and individual papers and from different perspectives. Against to the wide belief that scientific literature may become more rapidly obsolete, we found that, in general, the share of more recent references were distinctly lower in 2014 than that in 1992, which holds for all aggregation levels. As exceptions, the subfields related to Chemistry and the subfield energy and fuels, have shown a clear trend to cite more recent literature than older articles. Particle and nuclear physics and astronomy and astrophysics, the two subfields which strongly rely on e-print archives, have shown a ‘polarization’ tendency of reference distribution. Furthermore, we stress that it is very important to measure the Price Index at the paper level to account for differences between the documents published in the same journals and (sub-)fields.     

Searching for converging research using field to field citations

We define converging research as the emergence of an interdisciplinary research area from fields that did not show interdisciplinary connections before. This paper presents a process to search for converging research using journal subject categories as a proxy for fields and citations to measure interdisciplinary connections, as well as an application of this search. The search consists of two phases: a quantitative phase in which pairs of citing and cited fields are located that show a significant change in number of citations, followed by a qualitative phase in which thematic focus is sought in publications associated with located pairs. Applying this search on publications from the Web of Science published between 1995 and 2005, 38 candidate converging pairs were located, 27 of which showed thematic focus, and 20 also showed a similar focus in the other, reciprocal pair.     

Identifying and correcting invalid citations due to DOI errors in Crossref data

This work aims to identify classes of DOI mistakes by analysing the open bibliographic metadata available in Crossref, highlighting which publishers were responsible for such mistakes and how many of these incorrect DOIs could be corrected through automatic processes. By using a list of invalid cited DOIs gathered by OpenCitations while processing the OpenCitations Index of Crossref open DOI-to-DOI citations (COCI) in the past two years, we retrieved the citations in the January 2021 Crossref dump to such invalid DOIs. We processed these citations by keeping track of their validity and the publishers responsible for uploading the related citation data in Crossref. Finally, we identified patterns of factual errors in the invalid DOIs and the regular expressions needed to catch and correct them. The outcomes of this research show that only a few publishers were responsible for and/or affected by the majority of invalid citations. We extended the taxonomy of DOI name errors proposed in past studies and defined more elaborated regular expressions that can clean a higher number of mistakes in invalid DOIs than prior approaches. The data gathered in our study can enable investigating possible reasons for DOI mistakes from a qualitative point of view, helping publishers identify the problems underlying their production of invalid citation data. Also, the DOI cleaning mechanism we present could be integrated into the existing process (e.g. in COCI) to add citations by automatically correcting a wrong DOI. This study was run strictly following Open Science principles, and, as such, our research outcomes are fully reproducible.

     

Motivations for URL citations to open access library and information science articles

Summary We define the URL citations of a Web page to be the mentions of its URL in the text of other Web pages, whether hyperlinked or not. The proportions of formal and informal scholarly motivations for creating URL citations to Library and Information Science open access journal articles were identified. Five characteristics for each source of URL citations equivalent to formal citations were manually extracted and the relationship between Web and conventional citation counts at the e-journal level was examined. Results of Google searches showed that 282 research articles published in the year 2000 in 15 peer-reviewed LIS open access journals were invoked by 3,045 URL citations. Of these URL citations, 43% were created for formal scholarly reasons equivalent to traditional citations and 18% for informal scholarly reasons. Of the sources of URL citations, 82% were in English, 88% were full text papers and 58% were non-HTML documents. Of the URL citations, 60% were text URLs only and 40% were hyperlinked. About 50% of URL citations were created within one year after the publication of the cited e-article. A slight correlation was found between average numbers of URL citations and average numbers of ISI citations for the journals in 2000. Separating out the citing HTML and non-HTML documents showed that formal scholarly communication trends on the Web were mainly influenced by text URL citations from non-HTML documents.     

The intention and willingness to pay moving violation citations among Taiwan motorcyclists

This study uses three-level scenario design and Spike model constructs to investigate the risk premium Taiwan motorcycle operators are willing to pay for moving violations. The primary focus of the investigation is on four types of moving violations including speeding, running red lights, right turn on red violations, and drunk driving. In the model, these four types of violations influence the willingness to pay a risk premium. The results show that, in addition to increasing enforcement, raising the level of fines is one of the most effective methods to influence levels of compliance. Estimated results through the Spike model show that speeders will accept a risk premium of NT$740 (US$1 = NT$30), while motorcycle operators who run red lights will accept a risk premium of NT$1100, motorcycle operators who turn right on red will accept a risk premium of NT$367, and motorcyclists who drive drunk will accept a risk premium of NT$18,540. This indicates that current fines in Taiwan could be raised.     

Critical citations in knowledge construction and citation analysis: from paradox to definition

Scientometrics - Critical citations are lacking a common definition in relation to extant research on knowledge construction and citation analysis, whereas studies on these topics seem to provide a...     

Cross-national preference in co-authorship, references and citations

Summary The macro-level country-by-country co-authorship, cross-reference and cross-citation analysis started in our previous paper,1 continues with revealing the cross-national preference stucture of the 36 selected countries. Preference indicators of co-authorship, cross-reference and cross-citation are defined, presented and discussed. The study revealed that geopolitical location, cultural relations and language are determining factors in shaping preferences whether in co-authorship, cross-reference or cross-citation. Areas like Central Europe, Scandinavia, Latin America (supplemented with Spain and Portugal), the Far East or the Australia-New Zealand-South Africa triad form typical “clusters” with mutually strong preferences towards each other. The USA appears to have a distinguished role enjoying universal preference, which - in the cross-reference and cross-citation case - is asymmetric for the greater part of the countries under study.     

Distance and velocity measures: using citations to determine breadth and speed of research impact

Research that integrates the social and natural sciences is vital to address many societal challenges, yet is difficult to arrange, conduct, and disseminate. This paper compares diffusion of the research supported by a unique U.S. National Science Foundation program on Human and Social Dynamics (“HSD”) with a matched group of heavily cited papers. We offer a measure of the distance of cites between the Web of Science Category (“WoSC”) in which a publication appears and the WoSC of the journal citing it, and find that HSD publications are cited more distantly than are comparison publications. We provide another measure—citation velocity—finding that HSD publications are cited with similar lag times as are the comparison papers. These basic citation distance and velocity measures enrich analyses of research knowledge diffusion patterns.     

Domesticity and internationality in co-authorship,references and citations

Summary As a first element of a macro-level country-by-country cross-reference and cross-citation analysis, domestic/international character of reference and citation behavior of 36 countries is studied and compared with international co-authorship patterns. Indicators of reference and citation domesticity as well as reference-citation domesticity balance are constructed and presented. Science policy relevance of these indicators is discussed and examples deserving science policy attention are pinpointed.     

Corrective factors for author- and journal-based metrics impacted by citations to accommodate for retractions

Scientometrics - Citation-based metrics are frequently used to evaluate the level, or quality, of a researcher, or their work, often as a function of the ranking of the journal in which they...     

Authors and their citations: a point of view

Scientometrics - This letter describes how a large number of citations for particular publications are pleasing but how a low number is not, especially when the author thinks that some of the...     

The log-linear relation between patent citations and patent value

This paper reports the results of an analysis of patent citation and patent renewal data, advancing a log-linear relation between patent citations and patent value. A complementary analysis of firms’ patent portfolios confirms that modelling the relation between citations and firm value benefits from the adoption of the log-linear form.