涂饰剂对皮革阻燃性的影响

在优化阻燃皮革工艺的基础上,选用了四种成膜剂:丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯、硝化纤维、乳酪素涂饰于皮革中,研究其对皮革阻燃性的影响.结果发现,综合垂直燃烧指标和氧指数指标发现,四种成膜剂中,硝化纤维和酪素的皮革抗燃性好,其中,硝化纤维抗燃性最好,但是相比较空白样,都有降低皮革的抗燃性的性质,聚氨酯和丙烯酸分别排列其后;而经聚氨酯涂饰的皮革,其在燃烧过程中,伴随着大量烟雾的放出,所以其烟密度很大.而硝化纤维有焰燃烧时间长,但发烟量小,酪素与丙烯酸树脂的烟密度基本上差不多.综合三个指标来看,硝化纤维、酪素、丙烯酸树脂和聚氨酯依次显示抗燃性.     

涂饰剂对皮革阻燃性的影响

在优化阻燃皮革工艺的基础上，选用了四种成膜剂：丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯、硝化纤维、乳酪素涂饰于皮革中，研究其对皮革阻燃性的影响。结果发现，综合垂直燃烧指标和氧指数指标发现，四种成膜剂中，硝化纤维和酪素的皮革抗燃性好，其中，硝化纤维抗燃性最好，但是相比较空白样，都有降低皮革的抗燃性的性质，聚氨酯和丙烯酸分别排列其后；而经聚氨酯涂饰的皮革，其在燃烧过程中，伴随着大量烟雾的放出，所以其烟密度很大。而硝化纤维有焰燃烧时间长，但发烟量小，酪素与丙烯酸树脂的烟密度基本上差不多。综合三个指标来看，硝化纤维、酪素、丙烯酸树脂和聚氨酯依次显示抗燃性。     

戊二醛-季戊四醇改性氮磷阻燃复鞣剂的合成及应用

采用亚磷酸二甲酯与丙烯酰胺在甲醇钠的催化作用下,反应制得中间体3-二甲氧磷酰基丙酰胺,再与戊二醛反应后用季戊四醇对产物进行改性。通过正交优化试验对其最佳合成条件进行研究,讨论了单体配比、反应温度、反应时间对聚合反应的影响,确定了季戊四醇改性的最佳条件为:丙烯酰胺与季戊四醇的摩尔比1:0.2,反应温度80℃,反应时间1h。将合成的阻燃复鞣剂用于皮革加工工艺,阻燃复鞣剂的用量分别为0%、3%、6%、9%,利用氧指数法、垂直燃烧法、水平燃烧法和烟密度法对复鞣的皮革进行阻燃测试,试验发现,与未施加阻燃复鞣剂相比,氧指数可提高25%,有焰燃烧时间显著降低,烟密度可降低83%,燃烧速率均达到合格水平,所得皮革的厚度得到提高,皮革手感、丰满度、柔软度未受负面影响。     

牛面革复鞣工艺研究

针对复鞣过程能改善皮革的丰满性、填充性、柔软性、上染性和渗透性等皮革性能的特点 ,对牛面革的复鞣作了以下研究 :a植物鞣剂复鞣 ;b植物鞣剂与合成鞣剂结合复鞣。研究结果表明 :采用植物鞣剂和合成鞣剂结合鞣法 ,能体现多种鞣剂性能 ,使成革具有更好的性能 ,且通过调整中和 ,可使复鞣剂在革中分布均匀。     

氮-磷-氯型皮革阻燃复鞣剂的合成及应用

选取亚磷酸二甲酯与丙烯酰胺在甲醇钠的催化作用下反应,制得中间体3-二甲氧磷酰基丙酰胺,后再利用中间体与环氧氯丙烷反应,合成出具有复鞣性能的氮-磷-氯皮革阻燃复鞣剂。讨论了反应物配比、反应温度、反应时间等条件对聚合反应的影响,确定了最佳反应条件:中间体与环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比为1.0:1.5,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为6h。将该合成的阻燃复鞣剂施加于皮革复鞣工段,利用阻燃检测法测试皮革的阻燃性能,试验发现,所得皮革制品的氧指数、有焰燃烧时间、无焰燃烧时间、烟密度、燃烧速率,均比未施加阻燃复鞣剂有显著提高,且所得制品在感官指标和力学方面,均比未施加阻燃复鞣剂的皮革有显著提高。     

复鞣对皮革燃烧性能的影响

研究了 7种不同类型复鞣剂对猪蓝湿革燃烧性能的影响。革的燃烧性能用垂直燃烧试验和氧指数进行表征。结果表明 :铬复鞣对蓝革燃烧性能的影响不明显 ,而试验所选的其它 6种复鞣剂复鞣后 ,革的抗燃性能较铬复鞣革有所下降 ,革氧指数下降 ,无焰燃烧时间大大延长 ,甚至不能自熄。但对用不同复鞣剂复鞣的革来说 ,其抗燃烧性能下降的程度 ,随着用量的增加有不同的变化趋势。     

无铬鞣剂─聚丙烯酸与铝配合物的研究与探索

本文以丙烯酸和氯化铝为原料,采用溶液聚合法合成丙烯酸树脂,再与铝离子配合,生成一种配合物鞣剂.通过化学分析、红外光谱、差热分析、紫外光谱等手段对产物进行表征,并将其用于蓝皮的预鞣和复鞣,结果表明:该鞣剂既体现了丙烯酸树脂对皮革填充性好,丰满的优点,也体现了铝鞣剂柔软、纯白、粒面细致、延伸性好的优点.     

ARA两性复鞣剂的研制及应用

以游离基引发水溶液共聚方式合成出了丙烯酸类两性复鞣剂ARA,讨论了合成ARA两性复鞣剂的影响因素,采用正交试验法对ARA的合成条件进行了优选,并研究了ARA的应用条件。结果表明:引发剂用量,单体配比是影响ARA两性复鞣剂性能的主要因素;ARA两性复鞣剂用于皮革的复鞣,可节约铬鞣剂,减轻铬污染,提高成革的档次及质量,ARA复鞣剂不影响坯革的着色和吸油。     

磷系阻燃剂对皮革阻燃性能的影响

施加不同用量的磷系阻燃剂(0%、2%、4%、6%、8%)于皮革复鞣工序,研究其对皮革阻燃性能的影响。通过测定其湿热稳定性、干热稳定性、成炭性、垂直燃烧、烟密度及氧指数等,比较其不同添加量对皮革性能的影响。试验发现,磷系阻燃剂施加量为8%时,所得皮革的抗燃性最好。     

淀粉型表面活性剂的性能及其应用

研究自制的淀粉型表面活性剂的性能,并施加0%、1%、2%和3%用量的该表面活性剂于制革工段中,采用氧指数法、烟密度法、垂直燃烧法、水平燃烧法检测所得皮革阻燃性能,利用感官指标、增厚性、物理机械性能表征皮革基本性能,试验发现:施加用量为1%的淀粉型表面活性剂,所得皮革的增厚率、柔软性、物理机械性能、氧指数、烟密度、燃烧速率、有焰燃烧时间和无焰燃烧时间等综合性能最佳。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press