纳滤膜法处理活性染料染色废水试验研究

采用聚哌嗪酰胺/聚砜复合纳滤膜对实际活性染料染色废水进行深度处理和浓缩试验研究.结果表明,纳滤膜可有效实现对活性黑KN-B染色废水的脱色处理和浓缩,膜对废水的脱色率接近100%,对废水中无机盐的脱除率小于20%,渗透液均为无色.膜面流速、跨膜压差、进液pH等工艺参数对纳滤膜的性能影响较大,高膜面流速、低跨膜压差和高pH有利于提高膜的渗透平衡通量.     

膜集成技术在印染废水回用中的应用研究

采用膜集成技术对经生化处理法处理后的印染废水进行深度处理实验,结果表明:经超滤和反渗透膜处理后的出水水质稳定,废水回收率达到70%以上,化学需氧量(COD)去除率90%以上,脱盐率97%以上,完全可回用于高质量的印染生产线中,膜集成技术深度处理印染废水在工程上的应用是可行的.     

超低压反渗透膜处理矿山酸性废水及回用

采用超低压反渗透膜处理经二级处理的矿山酸性废水,考察了超低压反渗透膜RE-4040-BL的分离性能随压力、pH、温度、水回收率等变化的影响及超低压反渗透膜运行的稳定性,并用溶解扩散模型、物质传递系数和Hagen-Poiseuille方程解释.结果表明,在实验条件下,超低压反渗透膜对重金属离子的截留率＞99%,渗透液中的Ni^2＋、Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、Pb^2＋离子浓度均低于0.4mg/L,渗透液的总电导率＜100μS/cm,满足回用水的要求,浓缩液可进一步回收利用.     

浸没式纳滤印染废水深度处理研究

采用自制的中空纤维复合纳滤膜及浸没式过滤工艺,对含甲基蓝的印染废水进行深度处理,研究了不同跨膜压差、不同浓缩倍率下,浸没式纳滤工艺处理印染废水过程的渗透通量、脱色性能、COD去除率及膜渗透阻力。结果表明,浸没式纳滤可有效实现对印染废水的深度处理,在跨膜压差为80 kPa、浓缩倍率为4.0下,浸没式纳滤过程的渗透通量为5.75 L/(m2.h),色度脱除率大于99%,COD去除率大于90%,膜通量水洗恢复率大于93%。     

膜集成技术处理氯化法钛白后处理废水的研究

氯化法钛白无机包膜处理工序会产生大量中性废水,其中包含少量钛白粉和水溶性盐,现阶段企业多以外排为主。采用膜集成（陶瓷膜+反渗透膜+纳滤膜）技术对氯化法钛白后处理废水的处理进行研究。将氯化法钛白后处理废水用陶瓷膜过滤,分离回收二氧化钛;将陶瓷膜清液用反渗透膜浓缩,清水回收利用;将反渗透浓液用纳滤膜分离硫酸钠和氯化钠。结果表明：利用陶瓷膜处理氯化法钛白后处理废水,平均通量为650 L/（m ²·h）,浓液中钛白粉质量浓度达到90 g/L以上,清液中钛白粉质量浓度低于0.001 g/L;使用反渗透膜截留清液中的硫酸钠和氯化钠,硫酸钠和氯化钠的截留率为99.5%,浓水中的盐质量分数达到4%以上;浓水中的硫酸钠和氯化钠通过纳滤膜分离,纳滤膜对硫酸钠的截留率为97%,硫酸钠质量分数达到14%以上。     

纺织印染聚乙烯醇废水处理的超滤膜技术研究

针对纺织印染厂排放的含聚乙烯醇退浆废水，采用中空纤维膜组件，利用超滤法对其进行处理。研究了运行时间对渗透通量的影响、膜两侧的压差、料液的温度及料液的流速对渗透通量及截留率的影响．结果表明，采用超滤法处理聚乙烯醇废水技术可靠，操作方便，经济可行，具有很好的环境效益和经济效益。     

钢企回用水厂外排水双膜法回用处理研究

文章针对钢铁行业综合废水的水质特点,采用超滤+反渗透双膜工艺处理回用水厂外排废水。超滤预处理产水SDI15<3.5满足后续反渗透膜的深度处理进水要求。超滤在反洗周期40 min,反洗时间60 s的情况下运行稳定性良好。采用抗污染反渗透膜对废水电导率的脱除效果较理想,脱盐率大于99%,COD的去除率约65%,对硬度的脱除率达到100%,在连续运行过程中,反渗透的通量和脱盐率表现出良好的稳定性且完全满足设计循环水用水标准。     

纳滤技术在工业废水处理中的应用研究

纳滤膜是介于反渗透膜和超滤膜之间的一种压力驱动膜,分离机理较反渗透膜和超滤膜复杂.由于具有分离选择性高、操作压力低、不需添加化学试剂、可回收有用物质等优点,纳滤膜在造纸废水、重金属废水、垃圾渗滤液、纺织废水等的处理及废水深度处理回用的研究、应用中受到高度重视,具有良好的应用前景.     

焦化废水膜法组合深度处理工艺设计与应用

针对煤化工企业焦化废水的二级生化出水可生化性差、含盐量与COD高,以及废水中包含多环芳香族化合物、脂肪族化合物等难生物降解污染物的特点,采用Fenton氧化+电渗析+超滤+反渗透膜法组合深度处理工艺对废水进行处理。运行结果表明,产水水质达到并优于《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》(GB 50050—2007)中再生水水质要求,产水可作为厂区生产补充新水使用,废水回收率稳定达到75%。采用Fenton氧化与电渗析粗脱盐技术相结合的强化预处理设施,可以有效缓解反渗透装置的膜污染,延长反渗透膜的清洗周期至3个月。     

反渗透技术处理镀镉废水的探讨

本文介绍了用醋酸纤维素(CA)和聚砜酰胺(PSA)反渗透膜,对酸性硫酸镉镀液、氨羧络合型镀镉液和氰化镀镉液漂洗废水的处理试验研究。通过试验,考查了膜对废水工业浓缩界限,膜的使用条件,以及对膜性能的影响等。为反渗透技术治理上述三种废水提供参考依据。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。