CCD星跟踪器

自七十年代以来,CCD星跟踪器在各种航天飞行器上得到越来越广泛的应用。本文叙述了XG-1型CCD星跟踪器的设计思想,系统结构和工作原理。整个系统的工作由单片微计算机控制；由于采用了内插细分的矩心算法,XG-1 CCD星跟踪器达到了亚象元精度。实验结果说明,在视场角为2°×2°时,测量精度优于2角秒。系统具有多星跟踪的功能,可以稳定跟踪+6.4等恒星。     

CCD星跟踪器

自七十年代以来，CCD星跟踪器在各种航天飞行器上得到越来越广泛的应用。本文叙述了XG-1型CCD星跟踪器的设计思想，系统结构和工作原理。整个系统的工作由单片微计算机控制；由于采用了内插细分的矩心算法，XG-1 CCD星跟踪器达到了亚象元精度。实验结果说明，在视场角为2°×2°时，测量精度优于2角秒。系统具有多星跟踪的功能，可以稳定跟踪 6.4等恒星。     

激光测微头的设计研究

以CCD获取测量信号为基础的激光三角法测量技术被广泛运用于物体的非接触式测量。以激光三角测量的原理为基础并以点激光为例,详细分析了实用光学系统测头设计中各个参数对系统测量精度和测量范围的影响,提出了一组实用参数,并在此基础上完成了一个高精度激光测微头的设计。     

基于线阵CCD的空间目标外姿态测量系统

设计了9路线阵CCD相机组合的空间目标外姿态测量系统,它克服了采用面阵图像传感器用于姿态测量时存在的速度和精度的矛盾。该系统分别实时重构放置于被测物体上的点合作目标在世界坐标系下的三维坐标,经空间解算,确定被测物体的姿态角。着眼于合作目标和相机光学系统的相对位置及呼应,解决了多相机与多点合作目标一一对应时的目标干扰问题;设计了新的光学系统构架,提高了精度,节省了空间;实现了多相机测量系统的局部标定和全局标定。测试结果表明,该姿态测量系统可以实现对被测对象高精度、实时的测量,且具有合作目标简单,价格低廉等优点。     

用CCD测量光学系统OTF的研究

线性光学系统的传递函数(OTF)可由线扩散函数的傅立叶变换求出。电荷耦合器件(CCD)具有自动采样和自动扫描的特点,用它作为光电转换器件,可方便精确地测量OTF。我们研制成一套系统,它由CCD 及其驱动器、视频放大、采样一保持、A/D 转换和微机等组成。文中给出了系统组成和实测结果。测量调制传递函数(MTF)的精度为3%,重复性为1%。该系统能在2分钟内测出物镜的10种空间频率的MTF 值。它还适用于不同对象的测量。     

四路激光跟踪柔性坐标测量系统的跟踪器设计

激光跟踪器是激光跟踪坐标测量系统的关键部件。采用双电机驱动的单转镜结构,模拟式的P ID与单片机的数字式P ID相结合的闭环控制方案,设计了一种新型的激光跟踪器。该跟踪器具有跟踪快速、平稳,反射基点在跟踪过程中保持不动,跟踪精度高等优点,并成功的应用于四路激光跟踪柔性坐标测量系统。实验表明,激光跟踪测量系统的有效跟踪速度优于0.4m/s,综合测量精度1.2μm。     

应用线阵CCD的空间目标外姿态测量系统

设计了9路线阵CCD相机组合的空间目标外姿态测量系统,该系统解决了面阵图像传感器用于姿态测量时存在的速度和精度的矛盾,能够实时重构放置于被测物体上的点合作目标在世界坐标系下的三维坐标,并经空间解算,确定被测物体的姿态角.该系统着眼于合作目标和相机光学系统的相对位置,解决了多相机与多点合作目标一一对应时的目标干扰问题;设计了新的光学系统构架,提高了精度,节省了空间;实现了多相机测量系统的局部标定和全局标定.图像采样率为1 316帧/s时,姿态测量精度为1′.测试结果表明,该姿态测量系统可以实现对被测对象高精度的实时测量,且具有合作目标简单,价格低廉等优点.     

CCD电视跟踪测量光学系统参数确定方法的探讨

本文从CCD的照度灵敏度以及能够探测到目标所需的信噪比出发,详细探讨了CCD电视跟踪测量光学系统参数的确定方法。     

基于面阵CCD成像技术的测量仪器及系统的研制

介绍了基于面阵CCD成像技术的测量仪器的光学系统参数设计、测量原理和电路系统的实现方法。应用结果表明其设计有独到之处,适用于许多难以检验的小尺寸工件的测量,操作简单。精度可以满足工艺控制的要求。     

基于多点合作目标的多线阵CCD空间物体姿态测量

为了精确测量悬浮试验场内姿态快速变换的空间物体的姿态角参数,提出了一种采用3个线阵CCD相机同时测量多个点合作目标的姿态测量方法,以解决传统的线阵CCD姿态测量系统中相机位置间的约束条件过多造成的非线性系统误差及校准参数多的问题.该方法采用柱面透镜和线阵CCD组成的3个一维相机,对被测物体上的多个点合作目标同时进行测量;并针对测量原理对姿态角限制的问题,采用模拟计算的方法进行姿态角测量范围的计算.由神经网络校准线阵CCD相机,直接给出点合作目标的空间三维坐标,并通过建立基于Rodrigues参数姿态解算模型求解被测物体的姿态角.实验结果表明,本文方法得到的空间点位置测量精度及空间姿态解算精度高于原线阵CCD姿态测量方法,验证了该姿态测量方法进行姿态测量的可行性和有效性.     

机械传动原理方案设计目录结构模式的研究

提出三级递进式的机械传动原理方案设计目录结构模式,在此基础上完成的设计目录可作为开发设计的辅助工具,并已进入知识库用于笔者开发的机械传动原理方案智能设计系统中,最后给出了应用实例。     

Structure optimization for magnetic equipment of permanent magnet retarder

The main purpose of this research is to perform a magnetic analysis on the magnetic equipment of permanent magnet retarder (PMR) and optimize the structure of magnetic equipment with the commercial FEM software ANSYS and its design optimization module. The FEM model is built as an axisymmetric model according to the characteristics of the structure of magnetic equipment. Using this model, the magnetic field distribution and magnetic force are calculated by ANSYS. The mathematical model of structure optimization is also built. The design variables are structural parameters including the dimensions of permanent magnets and magnetic yoke, and the objective function is the magnetic force. The unconstrained optimization model takes the maximum value of magnetic force as the objective. A first-order optimization method is used to determine the optimum design of this problem. The optimization process works entirely with the ANSYS parametric design language (APDL). The design tools are used to understand design space and the behavior of the dependent variables. It is shown that designing a structure with the ANSYS optimization module and its design tools is an effective means to improve the structure.     

基于模糊评价的协同设计冲突仲裁技术研究

针对协同设计中采用单一的冲突消解方法难以消解复杂多样的冲突的问题,采用多种冲突消解方法集成的方式消解冲突,提出了协同设计中冲突消解过程模型,对该集成冲突消解过程中的重要环节——冲突仲裁问题进行了描述。采用模糊评价法作为协同设计过程中冲突仲裁问题的求解方法,并给出该算法的具体实现过程和冲突仲裁流程。建立了基于模糊评价方法的冲突仲裁系统的体系结构,详细介绍了该结构的主要功能模块,并对原型系统进行了开发。最后,以某车床纵向进给部件的圆柱齿轮减速机构为例,说明了该算法在冲突仲裁中的应用。     

基于Pro／E的平面机构设计与运动学分析

Pro／E作为一种常用的计算机辅助设计软件,在机械设计。工业设计等领域应用广泛。但它的广泛应用主要在三维建模方面,平面辅助设计功能往往被人所忽视。文中引用实例论述Pro/E在平面机构设计和运动学分析中的独特应用。     

探索现代设计方法在液压元器件研发上的应用

采用现代设计方法,包括优化设计、计算机辅助设计、动态特性仿真和有限元分析对电磁换向球阀进行产品设计。根据优化设计结果,使用Pro/E进行结构设计,MATLAB软件进行动态特性仿真分析,ANSYS软件进行应力和变形分析。将设计与分析相结合,可使电磁换向球阀的设计方案在研发阶段得到完善,缩短产品研发周期,增强企业的竞争力,还可对其他液压元器件的研发设计、动态特性分析和可靠性分析起到指导和借鉴作用。     

Development of a novel lead master consisting of an offset sphere

During the calibration of gear inspection systems, special calibration masters, or artifacts, are often used. Lead masters are used for adjustment and calibration of the system’s lead generation axes and algorithms. This paper discusses the development of a novel lead master for system calibration consisting of an offset sphere. A curve along the surface of the sphere is used to simulate a helix. The calibration curve for the artifact is formulated. Critical design parameters are specified. In addition, the impact to the calibration curve attributable to measurement uncertainties for the design parameters is assessed. An example design is also presented.     

Multidisciplinary wing design optimization considering global sensitivity and uncertainty of approximation models

In recent years, high-fidelity analysis tools, such as computational fluid dynamics and finite element method, have been widely used in multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) to enhance the accuracy of design results. However, complex MDO problems have many design variables and require long computation times. Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) is proposed to assuage the complexity of design problems by reducing dimensionality where variables that have low impact on the objective function are neglected. This avoids wasting computational effort and time on low-priority variables. Additionally, uncertainty introduced by the fidelity of the analysis tools is considered in design optimization to increase the reliability of design results. Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) and possibility-based design optimization (PBDO) methods are proposed to handle uncertainty in design optimization. In this paper, the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test was used for GSA, whereas a collaborative optimization-based framework with RBDO and PBDO was used to consider uncertainty introduced by approximation models. The proposed method was applied to an aero-structural design optimization of an aircraft wing to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the developed method. The objective function was to maximize the lift-to-drag ratio. The proposed process reduced calculation efforts by reducing the number of design variables and achieved the target probability of failure when it considered uncertainty. Moreover, this work evaluated previous research in RBDO with MDO for the wing design by comparing it with the PBDO result.     

一体化技术在天线结构设计中的应用

文中主要介绍了天线一体化设计技术.以某天线的一体化设计过程为例,在信息化集成平台上实现了天线和馈电网络结构的一体化设计.一体化设计的结构不仅达到了减重的目的,同时提高了结构的刚度.结果表明,一体化设计可以大大提高设计效率和设计质量,在工程应用中有良好的效果.     

Un dispositif pour la caractérisation des propriétés amortissantes de matériaux viscoélastiques non-linéaires en cisaillement

Viscoelastic materials are widely used in passive antivibration mounting design. In order to optimize their use, designers have to take into account the non-linearities caused by the large strain amplitudes these systems are subjected to. In this paper we present an apparatus designed to characterize the mechanical behavior of some viscoelastic materials used for this application. Simple shear deformation under sinusoidal load is used. The results are displayed as an extension of the complex moduli linear concept. The highly non-linear behaviour of the samples is underlined. A large scale of frequency and strain amplitude can be studied using this apparatus, without any restrictive assumption regarding the material model. This apparatus was designed in order to validate the design of an aerospace antivibration equipment.     

基于8031单片机的自动计量进料系统

基于8031及外围芯片，设计了自动计量进料系统，以取供原进口设备的控制装置。介绍了该系统的软硬件设计思想，给出了具体的软硬件抗干扰方法。