ACF/CNT复合材料的制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

以硝酸镍为催化剂前驱体,C2H2为碳源,H2为还原气,N2为载气,采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)在活性炭纤维(ACFs)毡体的纤维表面催化生长碳纳米管(CNTs),制备ACF/CNT复合材料。经测定,所制复合材料比表面积可达62.56 m2/g;扫描电镜分析表明,CNTs在ACFs表面分布均匀而致密,经过表面修饰可以作为1种良好的吸附材料。选择低浓度的六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))溶液进行吸附研究,考察振荡时间、溶液pH值以及溶液的初始浓度等因素对吸附行为的影响。实验结果表明,初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为1 mg/L,在25℃时,随着振荡时间的增长溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的脱除率逐渐增加,在150 min时达到最大值49.48%。溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的脱除率随着pH的减小而增大,当pH值为2.0时脱除率达91.50%,对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量随着溶液初始浓度的增加而增大,但是当初始浓度到达5.0 mg/L时,脱除效率到达最大值后开始降低。并对ACF/CNT复合材料的吸附机制进行了探讨。     

Permeability characteristics of novel mydriatic agents using an in vitro cell culture model that utilizes SIRC rabbit corneal cells

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the permeability characteristics of a previously reported in vitro corneal model that utilizes SIRC rabbbit corneal cells and to investigate the permeability of three novel esters of phenylephrone chemical delivery systems (CDS) under different pH conditions using this in vitro model. The SIRC rabbit corneal cell line was grown on transwell polycarbonate membranes, and the barrier properties were assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) using a voltohmmeter. The permeabilities of esters of phenylephrone CDS across the SIRC cell layers were measured over a pH range 4.0-7. 4. The esters tested include phenylacetyl (1), isovaleryl (2), and pivalyl (3). The SIRC rabbit corneal cell line, when grown on permeable filters, formed tight monolayers of high electrical resistance with TEER values increasing from 71.6 +/- 20.8 Omega.cm2 at day 3 in culture to 2233.42 +/- 15.2 Omega.cm2 at day 8 in culture and remained constant through day 14 in culture. The transepithelial permeability coefficients (Papp) at pH 7.4 ranged from 0.58 x 10(-6) cm/s for the hydrophilic marker, mannitol, to 43. 5 x 10(-6) cm/s for the most lipophilic molecule, testosterone. The Papp at pH 7.4 for phenylephrine was 4.21 x 10(-6) cm/s. The Papp values and the lag times of the three esters of phenylephrone were pH dependent. The Papp for 1, 2, and 3 at pH 7.4 were 14.76 x 10(-6), 13.19 x 10(-6), and 12.86 x 10(-6) cm/s, respectively and the permeabilities decreased at conditions below pH 7.4. The lag times at pH 7.4 were 0.10, 0.17, and 0.12 h for 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and the values increased at lower pH conditions. The TEER values of SIRC cell line observed at day 8 to day 14 in the present investigation are similar to the resistance value reported for rabbit cornea (2 kOmega.cm2). All the esters showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher permeabilities than phenylephrine at pH 7.4. The rate and extent of transport of the drugs across the cell layers were influenced by the fraction of ionized and un-ionized species and the intrinsic partition coefficient of the drug. The results indicate that the permeability of ophthalmic drugs through ocular membranes may be predicted by measuring the permeability through the new in vitro cell culture model.     

球料比对高密度片状银粉的影响

采用机械球磨工艺,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光粒度分析仪(D50)、比表面积测试仪(BET)、振实密度仪(TD)和松装密度(AD)测定装置等测试手段,研究讨论了不同球料比对片状银粉粒度、形貌、比表面积和振实密度等性能的影响,得出了最佳的球料比参数。结果表明,球料比为12.5∶1（质量比）时,可制得平均粒径为5.5μm、松比为2.19g/cm3、比表面积1.10m2/g、振实密度为3.5g/cm3的高振实片状银粉。     

Improving Air-Cooled Condenser Performance in Combined Cycle Power Plants

It has been recognized in recent times that air-cooled condensers (ACCs) are environmentally preferable to the traditional water-cooled condensers for rejecting heat in combined-cycle power plants (CCPPs). However, a drawback of ACCs is that their performance can decline with increasing ambient air temperature. A new approach is proposed in this paper that has the potential to alleviate this drawback of ACCs. In this approach, a chilled-water thermal energy storage system (TES) is used to precool the inflow air to the ACC whenever the ambient air temperature increases above the design air inlet temperature. The temperature of the TES system is maintained by an absorption refrigeration system (ARS) driven by low-quality waste heat from the CCPP. A process model integrating the CCPP with the ARS and the TES has been developed to optimize the volume of the TES. A 500?MW CCPP with steam turbine net output of 170.9?MW was chosen to evaluate the application of this approach for a power plant to be located in southern New Mexico. This analysis showed that a tank volume of 4,500?m3 will be required to maintain the air temperature at the inlet to the ACC at the design value of 20°C throughout the year. Simulations under ambient air temperatures up to 40°C indicated that the proposed system is capable of maintaining the rated net power output of the plant with minimal fluctuations. Simulations also showed that TES tank volume is most sensitive to the design air inlet temperature to the ACC—an increase of this temperature by 1°C can result in at least 25% reduction in the volume.     

放电等离子烧结法制备金刚石/Cu复合材料

通过真空镀铬对金刚石颗粒进行表面改性,采用放电等离子烧结法(SPS)制备改性金刚石/Cu复合材料;研究金刚石的体积分数、工艺参数以及金刚石颗粒表面改性对复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明,烧结温度、混料时间以及金刚石颗粒的体积分数都会影响材料的致密度,金刚石颗粒的体积分数还会影响材料的界面热阻,而致密度和界面热阻是影响该复合材料导热性能的2个重要因素;对金刚石颗粒进行真空镀铬表面改性,可改善颗粒与铜基体的润湿性,降低界面热阻。在一定的工艺条件下,镀铬金刚石体积分数为60%时,改性金刚石/Cu复合材料具有很高的致密度,其热导率达到503.9W/(m.K),与未改性的金刚石/Cu复合材料相比,热导率提高近2倍,适合做为高导热电子封装材料。     

Confirmation of multiple tetracycline residues in milk and oxytetracycline in shrimp by liquid chromatography-particle beam mass spectrometry

A confirmation procedure is described for detection of residues of six tetracyclines in bovine milk, and oxytetracycline in shrimp. Residues are extracted from milk or shrimp tissue using metal chelate affinity chromatography. The extracts are desalted, further concentrated using polymeric solid-phase extraction, and chromatographed on a polymeric reversed-phase column. Analysis is by methane negative ion chemical ionization on a quadrupole mass spectrometer using a particle beam interface. Data are acquired in partial scan mode, monitoring from m/z 378 to m/z 480. The procedure was validated with control milk and shrimp, fortified milk (30 ng/ml) and shrimp (100 ng/g), and milk and tissue from animals treated with the drugs.     

In-Situ Wet Chemical Composition of Multicomponent Precursors to Blue Emitting Sr2CeO4 Phosphors

Hybrid precursors were assembled with cerium coordination polymers, polyethyl glycohol (PEG), SrCO3 and other functional components using a modified in-situ chemical polymeric gel technology. The hybrid precursors were calcinated to achieve the Sr2CeO4 phosphors, whose particle sizes were in the range of micrometer by XRD and SEM. The photoluminescence spectra indicate that the phosphors present a strong blue emission.     

改性合成方钠石对重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+的吸附

采用水热合成法以高岭石为原料合成方钠石,并将合成的方钠石用盐酸和双氧水改性。利用SEM、XRD和BET等对产物进行表征,对比了不同合成条件下的方钠石的组织形态以及微观结构的变化,研究了不同改性下条件方钠石对重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+的吸附性能。结果表明:HTPS、HA-HTPS和HP-HTPS的比表面积分别为104.78、112.64、127.71 m2/g,三者的平均孔径相差不大。HTPS、HA-HTPS、HP-HTPS对Cu2+和Pb2+的理论最大吸附量分别为61.73、251.89、62.85 mg/g和265.95、65.88、283.29 mg/g,三者对2种重金属离子的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,该研究提供了一种应用合成与改性方钠石高效去除水体重金属离子的方法。      

改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料导热性能及耐久性研究

利用自制钢渣助磨改性剂处理热闷渣、电炉渣与风淬渣,将改性后的钢渣微粉与炭黑、橡胶基体等复合形成改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料.采用导热系数仪,测定三种改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料热氧老化1、3、5、7、9、11 d的导热系数;根据Young’s与Flory方程计算出三种改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料热氧老化前后的接触角θ与交联密度;采用热重分析仪(TGA)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)进行热氧老化前后分析.未热氧老化时,在三种改性钢渣/橡胶复合材料中改性电炉钢渣/橡胶复合材料的导热系数最低,为0.187 W·m^-1·K^-1,是因为改性电炉渣粒中位径(d₅₀)最小,即3.49μm,形成更致密的胶裹渣结构,不易形成导热通路,使其导热系数降低.热氧老化时,破坏胶裹渣结构,改性电炉渣/橡胶复合材料形成的孔隙大,分散性最好,降低界面热阻,更易形成导热通路,使其导热系数最高.热氧老化后,橡胶复合材料表面粗糙度变大且存在较长裂纹与较深孔洞,导致橡胶复合材料吸水性增加,接触角下降.由于改性热闷渣的粒径最大,在热作用下氧气更容易进入橡胶复合材料中与橡胶分子链(双键...     

Adsorption Characteristics of Oxide Coated Buoyant Media (ρs<1.0) for Storm Water Treatment. I: Batch Equilibria and Kinetics

Urban rainfall-runoff mobilizes and transports significant loads of metal species. Promulgation of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Phase II regulations has spurred development of Unit Operations and Processes (UOPs) Best Management Practices (BMPs) for control of metal species. Recent UOP designs provide both adsorption and filtration using engineered media such as manganese oxide coated polymeric media (MOPM). Divalent metal species adsorption onto a manganese oxide coated polymeric medium was evaluated through batch adsorption experiments using a flowthrough batch reactor. Freundlich isotherms were utilized to fit the experiment data. For the media examined, MOPM, adsorption is pH dependent and results indicate a favorable solute pH range of >6 for metal species adsorption. The relative adsorption affinity of MOPM for four divalent metal species typically found in storm water is Pb(II)>Cu(II)>Cd(II)>Zn(II). Adsorption rates were rapid for this flowthrough batch system with over 50% removal in the first 30 min and over 90% removal within 5 h at a surface loading rate of 500 mL/cm2?min. The pH drift patterns, due to surface complexation, during each experiment, coincided with the metal species removal rate curve. Study results indicated that the inclusion of a thin manganese coating can significantly increase media adsorption capacity. MOPM has a comparable adsorption capacity for the divalent metal species compared to other commercial and research media.     

Scaling of movement velocity: a measure of neuromotor retardation in individuals with psychopathology

The combination of ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (modified ICE), was evaluated for its toxicity and activity in relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Twenty patients, 14-69 years of age, with relapsed (19 cases) or refractory (one case) aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with modified ICE therapy, consisting of ifosfamide 6 g/m2 (1.2 g/m2 day 1-5), carboplatin 400 mg/m2 (day 1) and etoposide 500 mg/m2 (100 mg/m2 day 1-5). The regimen was repeated at approximately 28-day intervals. All patients had undergone a doxorubicin-containing regimen before modified ICE therapy. Median total dose of previously received doxorubicin was 406 mg/m2 (range: 200-825 mg/m2). The median interval from diagnosis to modified ICE therapy was 9.4 months (range: 3.6-121 months). Two patients achieved CR and five achieved PR out of 16 patients with measurable lesions (response rate 43.8%; 95% confidence interval 19.0-68.6%). Median overall survival was 227 days (range: 41-552 days) from the start of modified ICE therapy. Myelosuppression was the most serious toxicity, namely 16 patients (80%) and 11 patients (55%) showed grade 4 neutropenia and grade 4 thrombocytopenia after the first course, respectively. Modified ICE therapy might be an active regimen with acceptable toxicity as a salvage chemotherapy in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.     

In-Situ Sol-Gel Composition of Hybrid Precursors to Synthesize SrTiO3 :Pr3+ Red Ceramic Phosphors

Praseodymium coordination polymers with ortho hydroxylbenzoic acid was used as the precursors of luminescent species to compose with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and inorganic/organic hybrid polymeric dispersing media were assembled by a modified in-situ sol-gel process of tert-n-butyl titanate (Ti( OC4H9 )4 ) and further thermal decomposed to achieve rare earth oxysalts ceramic phosphor SrTiO3: Pr3 . Both XRD and SEM indicate that the particle sizes of them were in the range of around 1 μm. The excitation spectra presented a brand spectral band in visible blue-violet region of the maximum excitation peak of 445 nm, and the corresponding emission spectra exhibit wide emission with maximum peak of 619 nm, which was ascribed to be the characteristic transition of Pr3 (1D2→3 H4). It can be expected to be applied in the visible light conversion materials.     

盐度对疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺吸附行为的影响

选择性絮凝分选是微细粒矿物高效分选的重要手段之一.为了强化絮凝剂在亲水、疏水矿物表面的絮凝选择性,将疏水基团十六烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵(C₁₆DMAAC)引入聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)分子链中合成了疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺(HMPAM),采用耗散型石英晶体微天平(QCM-D)研究了不同浓度K⁺和Ca²⁺对分散剂六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)和HMPAM在亲水和疏水化表面原位吸附行为的影响,并使用激光粒度分析仪分析了不同盐度下SHMP和HMPAM对硅微粉及疏水改性硅微粉粒径分布的影响.结果表明,不同盐度环境下HMP AM均呈现了较好的絮凝选择性.背景溶液分别为10 mmol·L^-1、100 mmol·L^-1KCl及1 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂时,QCM-D结果表明SHMP在疏水化表面均未形成吸附层,随后HMPAM在疏水化表面发生吸附,且随着盐度的增加,HMPAM的吸附量增大且吸附层的耗散性降低;背景溶液为10 mmol·L^-1 C...     

C/C基体密度对C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料性能的影响

分别以密度为1.26 g/cm~3和1.46 g/cm~3的C/C复合材料作为基体材料,用有机硅和乙酸锆作为先驱体,采用先驱体浸渍裂解法(precursor infiltration pyrolysis,PIP)制备C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等检测手段分析该复合材料的成分和微观结构,研究C/C基体密度对材料抗压强度、线膨胀系数以及抗烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明,C/C基体密度为1.46 g/cm~3时C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料的抗压强度较高(146.36 MPa)、线膨胀系数较小。C/C基体密度为1.26 g/cm~3的C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料具有更优的抗烧蚀性能,经过30 s烧蚀后,其质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别为-2.9×10-4g/s和1.7×10-3 mm/s,这主要是因为C/C基体密度较低时,材料中的陶瓷含量更高,当烧蚀发生时,能更快地在材料表面形成SiO_2-ZrO_2氧化物薄膜,从而减缓材料内部基体的进一步烧蚀。     

Fracture toughness of discontinuously reinforced Al-4Cu-1.5Mg/TiB2 composites

The effect of particle size, particle volume fraction, and matrix microstructure on the fracture initiation toughness of a discontinuously reinforced aluminum composite was examined. The composites were Al-4 wt pct Cu-1.5 wt pct Mg reinforced with 0 to 15 vol pct of TiB₂ having an average particle diameter of 1.3 or 0.3μm producedin situ by the XD process. The room-temperature plane-strain toughness measured using compact tension specimens ranged from 19 to 25 MPa . Toughness was adversely affected by increases in TiB₂ volume fraction. The fracture toughness of all composites was affected by changes in the matrix microstructure produced by aging. The response of the composites to artificial aging deviates from that of the matrix. Fractography revealed that these composites failed in a ductile manner, with voids initiating at the reinforcing TiB₂ particles. The experimentally measured plane-strain toughness properties of Al-4Cu-l .5Mg composites with well-dispersed, 1.3-μm TiB² reinforcements agree with the Rice and Johnson model.     

Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater Using Maghemite Nanoparticle: Performance and Mechanisms

This study investigated the applicability of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles for the selective removal of toxic heavy metals from electroplating wastewater. The maghemite nanoparticles of 10?nm were synthesized using a sol–gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface area of the nanoparticles was determined to be 198?m2/g using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption kinetics and mechanisms of Cr(VI), Cu(II), and Ni(II) by maghemite nanoparticles. The adsorption process was found to be highly pH dependent, which made the nanoparticles selectively adsorb these three metals from wastewater. The adsorption of heavy metals reached equilibrium rapidly within 10?min and the adsorption data were well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm. Regeneration studies indicated that the maghemite nanoparticles undergoing successive adsorption–desorption processes retained original metal removal capacity. Mechanism studies using TEM, XRD, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that the adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) could be due to electrostatic attraction and ion exchange, and the adsorption of Ni(II) could be as a result of electrostatic attraction only.     

6061Al/Al2O3金属基复合材料组织和性能

以6061Al作为基质材料,利用液体冶金的搅拌铸造技术及挤压法制备Al₂O₃颗粒增强的金属基复合材料,选取6061Al添加3种质量分数为5%、10%和15%的Al₂O₃为研究对象,以改善6061Al/Al₂O₃复合材料的力学性能。通过SEM分析表明,Al₂O₃颗粒在6061Al金属基体中的分布相当均匀;由X射线衍射试验结果显示,复合材料中只有6061Al和Al₂O₃,且不会影响结晶性及6061Al的组织结构型态。试验结果表明,随着Al₂O₃添加量增加至15%,6061Al/Al₂O₃复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度均有较大提高,但伸长率略有下降,由于材料孔隙率的提升,致密度下降,从而引起材料的硬度略微下降;分析磨损量与Al₂O₃添加量及磨损率与滑动距离的关系,结果显示商用6061Al的磨损率最大,而6061Al/Al₂O₃(15%)复合材料的磨损量最小,并且磨损率最低,这是由于在6061Al中加入Al₂O₃颗粒,Al₂O₃颗粒的存在可以减少磨粒对基体的犁削作用,有效提高基体的耐磨性。深入探讨Al₂O₃颗粒增强的金属基复合材料,发现颗粒增强体以很细的粉末(一般在20 μm以下)加入到金属基中起到提高硬度、强度和耐磨性的作用;然而,Al₂O₃添加量越来越大时,其对6061Al系列材料的硬度、强度和耐磨耗性等性能将起到负面作用。     

Quaternized Poly(4-Vinylpyridine) Coated Activated Carbon: Diffusion Controlled Sorption of Chromium(VI)

Quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) coated activated carbon has been proven to be successful in removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. However, the key component of the mass transfer operations and the diffusion coefficient has not been determined. In this study, adsorption of Cr(VI) was investigated at different initial concentrations. A finite bath diffusion control model with changing bulk concentrations was derived analytically, and a constant related to radius of the absorbent particle and the fractional attainment of adsorption was first introduced into this model. Results indicated that the adsorbent provided fast adsorption kinetics and the modified diffusion-control model fitted the experimental data well. The observed sorption kinetics was consistent with the finite bath diffusion, with an average value of 4.10×10?6?cm2/s for the product of the distribution coefficient and the effective diffusivity in the adsorption of Cr(VI) on the quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) coated activated carbon.     

Determination of fracture toughness and bridging tractions from crack-opening displacement measurements in particulate composites of diamond in zinc sulfide

The fracture toughness of zinc sulfide ceramic and a series of ZnS diamond particle composites was studied through measurements of crack opening displacement profiles. Five composites were fabricated using weight fractions of 10, 20 and 30% of 0–1 μm diamond particles, and 10 and 20% of 1–3 μm particles in a ZnS matrix. The cracks were grown using a novel specimen geometry and a loading technique that permitted stable crack growth even in small specimens. The fracture toughness of each material was calculated on the basis of the displacement profiles and the material properties, as opposed to the applied loads and the specimen geometry. The pure zinc sulfide material exhibited nearly ideal brittle behavior, and the toughness measurements agreed closely with other methods. The greatest toughening occurred in the 1–3 μm particle size composites, in which weak bridging tractions (⩽ 100 MPa) over a short distance along the crack (50–100 μm) could explain the reduced displacements near the crack tip. Even smaller size bridging zones (5–10 μm) may have been present in the 0–1 μm particle size composites, but elastic shielding alone can explain the observed toughening. The specimen geometry used here permitted toughness measurements using small specimens (< 5 mm) but is limited to materials having bridging zones that are less than about 250 μm.     

Human working memory capacity is 7+/-2 in a radial maze with distracting interruption: possible implication for neural mechanisms of declarative and implicit long-term memory

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term results of the treatment of anal canal carcinoma (ACC) with a combined concomitant radiochemotherapy (CCRT) treatment using fluorouracil (5 FU) and cisplatinum (CDDP) with a high dose of radiation therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1982 and 1993 a series of 95 patients were treated. Staging showed a majority of advanced squamous ACC, i.e. 6 T1, 47 T2, 28 T3, 14 T4, 53 NO, 32 N1, 6 N2 and 4 N3. Irradiation was done with high dose external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) followed by a boost with 192 Iridium implant. During EBRT all patients received one course of 5 FU continuous infusion (1 g/m2/day, days 1-4) and CDDP (25 mg/m2/day, bolus days 1-4). RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 64 months. At 5 and 8 years the overall survival was 84 and 77%, the cancer specific survival was 90 and 86% and the colostomy-free survival was 71 and 67%, respectively. The stage and the response of the tumor after EBRT were of prognostic significance. Patients with pararectal lymph nodes had an overall 5-year survival of 76% (versus 88% for non-N1). Among 78 patients who preserved their anus, the anal sphincter function was excellent or good in 72 (92%). CONCLUSION: According to these results and recent randomized trials, CCRT appears as the standard treatment of ACC. Radical surgery should be reserved for local recurrence or persisting disease after irradiation. High dose irradiation in a small volume with concomitant 5 FU-CDDP appears to give a high rate of long-term local control and survival. Careful evaluation of pararectal nodes is essential for a good staging of the disease.