What makes a life good?

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal changes in energy expenditure and body composition in relationship to alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in women with normal and abnormal glucose metabolism. We hypothesized that women with decreased insulin sensitivity before conception would have less fat accretion and smaller increases in energy expenditure. STUDY DESIGN: Six women with normal glucose tolerance and 10 women with abnormal glucose tolerance were evaluated before conception, and in early (12 to 14 weeks) and late (34 to 36 weeks) gestation. Body composition was estimated by hydrodensitometry, resting energy expenditure, and glucose and fat metabolism by indirect calorimetry, endogenous glucose production by infusion of [6-6 2H2] glucose, and insulin sensitivity using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (40 mU/m2/min). RESULTS: There was a smaller increase in fat mass (1.3 kg [P = .04]) in early pregnancy in women with abnormal glucose tolerance before pregnancy. Indirect calorimetry measured gestational age-related increases in basal oxygen utilization, with or without correction for fat-free mass (VO2, P = .002), resting energy expenditure (expressed in kilocalories, P = .0001), and carbohydrate oxidation (P = .0003). The insulin-mediated elevation in VO2 increased in later gestation VO2 (P = .005), as did resting energy expenditure (P = .0001) and fat oxidation (P = 0.0001). However, there was a decrease in respiratory quotient (P = .0001), carbohydrate oxidation (P = .002), and nonoxidative carbohydrate metabolism (P = .0001) with advancing gestation during insulin infusion. In early pregnancy, changes in fat mass correlated inversely with changes in insulin sensitivity (r= -0.52, P = .04) and changes in basal VO2 correlated inversely with decreases in basal endogenous glucose production (r = -0.74, P = .01). CONCLUSION: In early gestation, the changes in maternal fat mass and basal oxygen consumption are inversely related to the changes in insulin sensitivity. This response in lean women with decreased insulin sensitivity before conception may have survival value by providing a larger amount of available substrate to meet fetoplacental needs during gestation.     

What makes a good nurse leader?

After implementing a new nursing care delivery system, evaluating its outcomes is essential. An evaluation process answers key questions: (1) Were planned outcomes achieved? (2) Were the users satisfied? (3) Does the delivery system need to be modified?     

如何当好一名高校教师

本文根据多年的教学经验及与学生的交流.综合阐述了当好一名高校教师应具备的素质.关键是要注意培养教师高尚的师德、创新的教育观、广博精深的业务素质、高超的教学艺术、感人的人格魅力等八个方面.     

Specifying what makes a personal memory unique enhances emotion regulation.

During recollection of past experiences, the way autobiographical information is processed affects the intensity of the emotion aroused. Two main hypotheses were proposed in this respect: One focuses on the type of information activated during retrieval; the second is centered on the mode of processing at work. This article defends the notion that both perspectives need to be integrated to predict emotional arousal during autobiographical recollection. The authors explored the consequences on emotional feeling intensity by manipulating the type of information processed, together with the cognitive mode activated (specific vs. general level of processing). Results support previous findings that voluntarily specifying memories reduces emotional intensity. However, this was observed only when the details that make the event unique were processed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

So, what makes you want to be a nurse?

Plasmapheresis used in 61 patients with stage II hypertension brought a stable fall in arterial pressure and clinical response. Hypotensive drugs were reduced in doses or even discontinued. In subjects with hyperkinetic circulation arterial pressure went down due to decreased cardiac output. In hypokinetic hemodynamics hypotensive effect occurred because total peripheral resistance diminished. Lowering of arterial pressure was associated with positive changes in cerebral circulation. Plasmapheresis proved effective in all hypertensive subjects: in both hypo- and hyperkinetic circulation.     

Job preferences (What makes a job good or bad?).

Over a 30-yr period, 57,000 job applicants of a public utility ranked the importance of 10 factors that make a job good or bad. The order for men is security, advancement, type of work, company, pay, co-workers, supervisor, benefits, hours, and working conditions. Women consider type of work more important than any other factor, followed by company, security, co-workers, advancement, supervisor, pay, working conditions, hours, and benefits. Preferences attributed to others differ markedly from self-preferences, with both men and women believing that pay is important to others. Data were analyzed by sex, age, marital status, dependents, education, and occupation. Some major differences exist, but by and large the effects were small. Although changes during the 30-yr period are relatively inconsequential, there was an increase in importance of benefits, pay, and type of work, and a decrease in importance of advancement and security. Type of work has gradually replaced security as the most important factor for men. Differences between applicants and employees are relatively minor, as also are differences between public utility workers and employees of other types of companies. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What makes a good team player? Personality and team effectiveness.

Good team players are often defined in trait terms; that is, they are described as dependable, flexible, or cooperative. Our goal is to examine the relationship between team member personality traits and team effectiveness. However, to understand the effects of personality on team performance requires greater specificity in how personality is described and in how team effectiveness is described. A hierarchical model of team member personality is presented that defines higher-level personality traits and specific facets relevant to team performance. Next, a classification of the core teamwork dimensions underlying effective team performance is presented. Finally, predictions are derived linking team member personality facets to specific teamwork requirements. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Annexins: what are they good for?

Annexins comprise a unique family of calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins. At least one of the twenty members thus far described from this family can be found expressed in nearly every eukaryotic cell type. As common as these proteins may be, no one clear function for all has been established. Historically, individual members of this family have been given various names describing their ability to associate with a host of intra- and extracellular proteins and with cellular lipid membranes. The collection of reviews in this issue of CMLS represents an effort to offer a coordinated view of the research activities in the field and to extract structural and functional commonalities.     

Phenacetin or anything: what makes or made analgesics nephrotoxic?

Equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), swine pulmonary oedema and human oesophageal cancer have been associated with fumonisine B1 (FB1) ingestion. For the first time in this study it is reported that FB1 was identified as being associated with an outbreak of ELEM at Oaxaca, Mexico. Symptoms of ELEM and Equine Venezuelan Encephalitis (EVE) are similar and a different diagnosis is obligatory. In the geographical area (Oaxaca, Mexico) where donkeys died showing a neurological syndrome, 14 corn samples were collected. With the use of TLC (Thin layer chromatography) and HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) all collected samples resulted positive to FB1. In the area of study, this syndrome was reported to be the cause of death of 100 donkeys, after 3 postmortem examinations in which macroscopic and microscopic cerebral white manner liquefactive necrosis were observed, when FB1 concentration was determined in the samples collected, using HPLC and TLC. It was concluded that HPLC is a highly sensitive method for the detection of FB1 through the formation of an OPA derivative. However, the reverse phase TLC plate and the visualisation of the coloured reaction with the vanillin acidic solution is more objective. FB1 concentration in the studied samples ranged from 0.67 to 13.3 ppm. It was concluded that FB1 was the cause of leukoencephalomalacia reported in donkeys in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico.     

2021年钢铁工业实现“十四五”良好开局

在2022年1月10日召开的中国钢铁工业协会第六届会员大会三次会议上,中国钢铁工业协会会长陈德荣在所作的工作报告中,全面回顾了2021年行业运行情况和企业所取得的成绩。     

Rhinitis alone or rhinitis plus asthma: what makes the difference?

The NF2 tumor suppressor gene product, designated merlin, belongs to the family of molecules that links membranous protein with the cytoskeleton. We have previously shown that merlin was co-immunoprecipitated with a cellular protein, p85, in cultured cell. To analyze the alteration of merlin and associated proteins in surgical specimens, we developed a new method for biotin-labeling of whole cellular proteins. Screening of tumor tissues using our method showed that none of malignant gliomas and half of the NF2-related tumors had altered p85 and merlin. Our detection method seems useful for the screening of merlin alterations in NF2-related tumors.     

We need research on what constitutes good journal papers—and good editing—not guesswork on how to improve manuscriptsp.

Comments that M. Boor's (1986) suggestions to improve articles published in professional journals are unsubstantiated guesses and urges Boor to research his ideas. An example illustrates how Boor's guesses are contradicted by actual data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A course, a course, my kingdom for a course: Reflections of an unrepentant teacher.

Discusses, based on personal experiences, the challenge for teachers to guarantee that the fundamentals of psychology survive in students' memories long after the curricular specifics have faded. This is accomplished through a passion for (rather than mere knowledge of) the discipline of psychology, and a respect and fondness for one's students. The author considers a number of questions to show how these attributes might be nurtured: what does and does not work in the classroom, is less (content) more, how best to evaluate students, what is the role of humor in teaching, should we trust professorial folk wisdom, and how much should research inform our teaching? (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

When a physician makes a mistake

Inevitably, doctors make mistakes in the normal course of providing care. Making a mistake often causes distress for the doctor involved, but it can also be an important source of knowledge and self-reflection. This article discusses central aspects with respect to mistakes and medical malpractice. The doctor's relationship to ethics and legislation is discussed, and an overview of the administrative action taken by the Norwegian health authorities is presented. The organisations and offices a physician may come into contact with when involved in a patient's complaint are briefly presented. "Meldesentralen" was formed in 1993 by the Norwegian Directorate of Health for the purpose of collecting reports on accidents in medical practice. We argue that the accidents reported to "Meldesentralen" do not reflect the true situation on this issue. We introduce a model for a systematic approach towards a colleague who has made a mistake or who is suspected of having made one.