腐植酸钠淋洗原油污染砂土方法与效果

以原油污染的砂土为试验对象,研究市售腐植酸、自制腐植酸钠和碱水在不同洗涤次数和洗涤温度条件下,淋洗除去原油的效果。试验结果表明,整体上,各因素对砂土平均除油率的显著性依次为洗涤剂>洗涤次数>温度,其中洗涤剂种类和洗涤次数对清洗土壤的平均除油率影响都达到显著水平。从洗涤剂单一因素来看,3种洗涤剂对污染土样都有一定的洗涤效果,但除油率相差不大,自制的腐植酸钠、碱水和市售腐植酸的最大除油率分别是21.83％、24.89％、22.28％。     

云南省部分地区推广使用腐植酸类肥料的情况和肥效

我省开始试验和应用腐植酸肥料是在大跃进的一九五八年底,主要是用液体腐植酸钠作为生长刺激素肥料使用。当时称为胡敏酸或呼吸肥料,曾先后在晋宁、玉溪、元江、宜良等县试制和施用。实践证明,施用腐植酸钠肥料能增加产量。在文化大革命以前,宜良县可保煤矿进行了用褐煤制造腐植酸铵,并在宜良、曲靖、陆良等县的生产队施用,取得了较好的效果。但因受到刘少奇反革命修正主义路线的干扰和破坏,这一新生事物遭到了压制,长期以来腐植酸钠和腐植酸铵在我省得不到应有的发展。     

含腐植酸风化煤对土壤-蔬菜系统重金属镉污染修复效果研究

为了探索含腐植酸风化煤对土壤-蔬菜系统重金属镉(Cd)的修复效果,采用盆栽试验,研究不同浓度活化的和未活化的含腐植酸风化煤对Cd胁迫下土壤p H、Cd形态及分布、小白菜生物量及小白菜体内全Cd含量的影响。结果表明:活化的含腐植酸风化煤比未活化的含腐植酸风化煤对土壤重金属Cd钝化作用显著;从小白菜体内全Cd含量分析看,3 mg/kg Cd胁迫下的2HA1+3Cd处理较2HA2+3Cd处理小白菜体内全Cd含量降低17.22%,表明活化的含腐植酸风化煤能有效降低小白菜对Cd的吸收;从小白菜生物量看,4HA1+3Cd处理较CK1+3Cd处理小白菜生物量增加最多,为62.3%,4HA1+10Cd处理较CK2+10Cd处理小白菜生物量增加最多,为32.7%,表明4 g/kg活化的含腐植酸风化煤能有效提高小白菜生物量。     

腐植酸钠对杏鲍菇菌丝生长促进作用及增产效果的研究

为解决杏鲍菇菌丝生长缓慢和生物转化率低的问题,采用向液体培养基和固体培养基中添加腐植酸钠的方法,观察其对杏鲍菇菌丝生长及产量的影响。结果表明,腐植酸钠对杏鲍菇菌丝生长有明显的促进作用,平均菌丝生长时间缩短6.1d。增产效果比较明显,增幅达9.3%。     

腐植酸钠与喹乙醇肥育猪效果对比试验

腐植酸作为饲料添加剂肥育猪,提高增重率,国内外均有报道,其效果是肯定的。但腐植酸与国内外广泛应用的促生长剂喹乙醇的效果对比试验,尚未见报道。我们于1988年5月用内蒙古石油化工科研所生产的腐植酸钠与北京理工大学生产的喹乙醇进行了肥育猪对比试验。其结果添加腐植酸钠和添加喹乙醇的增重效率与对照相比,分别提高22.7％和28.9％,效果均极显著,喹乙醇高于腐植酸钠。但腐植酸钠有他独特的优     

腐植酸对小白菜吸收Cd的影响

采用二次回归饱和D-最优设计,以腐植酸的其中两个组分——富里酸和胡敏酸为原材料,研究腐植酸对小白菜吸收Cd的影响。本次试验结果表明：胡敏酸能够抑制小白菜对Cd的吸收,从而减轻了Cd对小白菜的危害,据此,胡敏酸可作为Cd污染土壤的土壤改良剂;富里酸却能够促进小白菜对Cd的吸收,如果对Cd污染土壤采用植物修复的方法进行修复,则施用富里酸能够获得较好的效果。     

枯草芽孢杆菌与腐植酸钠合剂净水效果的研究

<正>养殖水体中高含量氨氮和亚硝酸盐对水产动物有害。试验通过不同配比腐植酸钠与枯草芽孢杆菌混合剂处理模拟养殖污水,结果表明,投入10 mg/L腐植酸钠与1.2×103 cfu/m L枯草芽孢杆菌混合剂对水体中氨氮和亚硝酸盐处理效果较好。     

正交试验法洗涤原油污染风砂土的初步研究

利用正交试验设计,选用市售腐植酸钠、自制腐植酸钠和碱水作为洗涤剂,在不同温度和洗涤次数的条件下对落地原油中度污染的土壤进行洗涤,分析洗涤剂种类、洗涤温度和洗涤次数3个因素对洗涤效果的影响。结果表明:洗涤次数对洗涤效果影响最为显著,洗涤剂种类次之,洗涤温度影响最小。试验最优方案为选用市售腐植酸钠,在60℃下洗涤3次(即A3B1C3)。     

腐植酸对小白菜生长和磷素利用的影响

磷是植物生长必需营养元素之一,但磷肥当季利用率一般只有10%～25%,磷肥利用率低不仅造成经济损失,而且对环境产生不良后果。为验证腐植酸对小白菜生长以及磷素利用的影响,设置不添加磷肥、磷酸一铵、0.6%腐植酸、0.3%腐植酸+磷酸一铵、0.6%腐植酸+磷酸一铵、1.2%腐植酸+磷酸一铵、3.0%腐植酸+磷酸一铵、4.2%腐植酸+磷酸一铵和6.0%腐植酸+磷酸一铵等9个处理。结果表明,4.2%腐植酸+磷酸一铵与磷酸一铵处理相比小白菜产量增加4.55%,磷农学效率增加64.50%,Ca₈-P增加6.91%,Al-P降低2.51%,表明添加腐植酸有助于提高小白菜产量、提高磷农学效率和土壤中有效磷含量。     

天然煤炭腐植酸对盐碱土改良效果的研究

正为探索天然煤炭腐植酸对盐碱土的改良效果,设置不同配比的腐植酸与土壤,进行小白菜室外盆栽试验。结果表明,在腐植酸与土壤体积比大于1/2的处理中,小白菜均能生长,且各处理间差异显著,其中H8处理(腐植酸与土壤体积比为4∶2)植株出苗率平均为67.9%,叶长、叶宽、主根深平     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。