小氮肥装置提高脱碳净化度的方法探讨

1脱碳工艺现状 郴州桥氮化工有限公司有2台Ф2600mm脱碳塔，均采用槽盘式分布器及再分布器，填料以规整填料为主，辅以散装填料，因此吸收装置的能力及填料的装备均比同规模企业有优势，气液冷却及再生设备经过几次改造使冷却及再生效率也有提高，因此该装置在平时生产中（非高温季节）可以满足生产需要，但在高温季节，尾气CO2含量高，有时超过0．8％（体积分数），被迫减负荷生产。     

高效规整填料及分布器在脱碳塔技术改造方面的应用

介绍采用规整填料对散装填料的碳酸丙烯酸脱碳塔进行改造应注意的问题，并列举了改造实例和应用效果。     

MDEA脱碳改造CO2吸收塔主要参数的确定

介绍了四川美丰化肥分公司100 kt/a合成氨装置搬迁MDEA脱碳工序改造整体更换CO2吸收塔实例,并对新的CO2吸收塔的塔径、填料压降、填料高度、贫液段填料高度等主要参数进行了确认计算.     

波纹规整填料在铜洗塔中的应用

叙述了铜洗塔中铜氨液吸收合成气中少量CO、CO2 的传质机理 ,介绍了波纹规整填料的结构特点以及所需配套进行的铜洗塔内件改造和铜液过滤器改造。实际应用表明 :使用波纹规整填料改造铜洗塔可优化工艺操作 ,提高设备技术 ;投资回报快 ,节能降耗效果显著     

波纹规整填料在我厂φ700铜塔的应用

该文叙述了铜氨液吸收CO等微量气体机理和规整填料的技术特性,并根据规整填料塔计算结果,选择250Y孔板波纹填料改造φ700铜塔,其合成氨净化能力由2．8万t／a提高至4．5万t／a以上。     

超级扁环填料及其在氮肥厂气体净化中的应用

国内外最新的研究表明，在某些条件下，应用散装填料的操作性能优于规整填料和塔盘，其中扁环填料具有独特的结构和优异性能。本文介绍了从阶梯短环（CMR）到超级扁环（SMR）的发展过程、技术特点和在合成氨气体净化中的应用。     

规整填料在铜洗塔中的应用

叙述了铜洗塔中铜氨液吸收合成气中少量CO，CO2的反应机理和传质机理，介绍了规整填料的结构特点以及所需配套进行的铜洗塔内件改造和铜液过滤器改造。实际应用表明：使用规整填料改造铜洗塔可优化工艺操作。提高设备技术。投资回报快，节能降耗效果显著。     

用新型填料技术改造脱烷烃塔

烷基苯生产装置中最大的脱烷烃塔是分离过程的关键设备。实验测试证明 ,在板式塔和填料塔中 ,当塔的流动参数小于 0 .0 3时 ,填料塔的分离效率明显高于板式塔 ;当塔的流动参数为 0 .0 2～ 0 .1时 ,塔板和散装填料具有相同的分离效率和处理能力 ,规整填料分离效率高出前者约 5 0 %。     

金属环矩鞍填料的特点及其工业应用

<正> 金属环矩鞍填料(Intalox MetalTower Packing,简写IMTP)诞生于七十年代未。多年的研究和工业应用证实它是至今开发的散装填料中一种性能最佳的新型塔填料,并在新塔设计、老塔改造中显示出极好的前景。目前,金属环矩鞍填料的应用已获得长足的进展,金属环矩鞍填料塔     

规整填料铜洗塔的设计及其应用

对采用具有新型塔内构件的高效规整填料铜洗塔,其设计和改造的工艺计算、结构设计、系统要求等进行详细说明和分析,并介绍两散装填料铜洗塔改规整填料塔的应用实例。实践证明,运用该技术改造现有铜洗塔,可降低精炼气中一氧化碳的含量,提高精炼气质量,达到增产降耗的目的。     

甲醇制丙烯分离流程的研究与优化

以170万吨/年甲醇制丙烯（MTP）实际装置为背景,对MTP分离流程进行了研究和优化,借鉴石脑油乙烯装置分离的经验,并针对MTP产品气的组成特点,优化形成了适合MTP产品气分离的顺序、前脱丙烷和前脱乙烷分别组合装置自身物料做吸收剂的中冷油吸收技术的三种分离流程,省去了乙烯制冷系统。通过对全流程模拟计算数据的对比分析,优选出了前脱乙烷组合装置自身物料做吸收剂的中冷油吸收技术分离流程。对优化组合采用脱乙烷预分离技术、脱甲烷塔尾气回收分凝分馏塔技术、吸收剂物流的选择、碳二分离高度热耦合技术进行了研究,并通过对全流程模拟计算数据的比较分析,优选出了最优化的分离流程,即前脱乙烷中冷油吸收流程组合预分离技术、用自身物流混合碳四做吸收剂、分凝分馏塔回收脱甲烷塔尾气技术和高度热耦合的脱碳二分离技术。在没有乙烯、碳四和碳五循环回MTP反应器及尾气中乙烯损失满足设计要求的前提下,采用此优选分离流程,产品气压缩机和丙烯压缩机双机功率为19.8 MW。     

Phase behavior measurement for the ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide at temperatures between (313.2 and 393.2) K and pressures from (5.8 to 22) MPa

High pressure experimental data are presented on the phase equilibrium of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide. Pressure-composition (P-x) isotherms were measured in static method at five temperatures of (313.2, 333.2, 353.2, 373.2 and 393.2) K and at pressures up to 22.0MPa. This (carbon dioxide+ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) system has continuous critical mixture curves that exhibit maximums in pressure at temperatures between the critical temperatures of carbon dioxide and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. At a fixed pressure, the solubility of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate for the (carbon dioxide+ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) system increases with increasing temperature. The (carbon dioxide+ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) system exhibits type-I phase behavior. The experimental result for the (carbon dioxide+ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) system is correlated with Peng-Robinson equation of state using mixing rule including two adjustable parameters. The critical property of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate is predicted with Joback and Lee-Kesler method.     

二段式吸收塔强化水洗技术提纯沼气过程

压力水洗技术已成为提纯沼气的关键技术之一。采用填料吸收塔进行CO₂脱除实验研究,考察了液气比、吸收压力、吸收温度、CO₂初始含量、填料层高度对CO₂脱除率的影响,以及液气比、沼气流量对总体积吸收系数的影响,并运用填料塔与喷雾塔结合的二段式吸收塔进行压力水洗提纯沼气的过程强化实验。实验结果表明,吸收压力和液气比的增大、吸收温度的降低、填料层高度的增加有利于CO₂的脱除,体积总吸收系数随着液气比及沼气流量的增加而增大。二段式吸收塔能够提高CO₂吸收效果,当沼气处理量为10 L·min^-1,填料层高度为100 cm,CO₂含量小于3%时,与填料塔相比二段式吸收塔可以减少约12%的吸收液用量,并且采用110 cm填料的二段式吸收塔获得最佳的提纯效果,CO₂脱除率达到97.4%。     

乙烯丙烯中微量杂质的脱除方法

介绍了聚合级乙烯、丙烯脱除微量氧、水、一氧化碳、二氧化碳等的先进技术，讨论了各种净化剂的制造工艺、脱除深度及净化效果。     

ZIF-8/乙二醇浆液连续捕集二氧化碳

有效捕获CO₂对于减少温室气体排放和控制全球变暖具有重要意义。本文采用吸收-吸附组合的方式将沸石咪唑骨架-8（ZIF-8）和乙二醇混合形成可流动浆液,分别在常压透明有机玻璃鼓泡塔（高3.7m,内径50mm）和高压不锈钢鼓泡塔（高3m,内径40mm）内连续捕集二氧化碳,浆液在解吸罐内解析后返回到吸收塔再进行二氧化碳捕集,整个分离过程可连续化进行。研究了不同环境温度、不同混合气流率、浆液再生温度和塔内不同操作压力对二氧化碳捕集能力,结果表明环境温度和混合气流率越低,浆液再生温 度和塔内压力越高,浆液吸着二氧化碳的量越大,最佳操作条件为：常压下环境温度0.5℃,气体流率 47mL/min,浆液再生温度333.13K。在此最佳操作条件下,分离因子高达395,同时在经过100h以上的分离过程后,ZIF-8结构没有发生变化并且ZIF-8/乙二醇浆液能重复利用,更进一步说明ZIF-8/乙二醇浆液具有潜在的工业应用价值。     

同时测定乙烯中烃类杂质及CO、CO_2方法探讨

采用1台气相色谱仪、双阀双通道、双氢火焰检测器一次进样同时完成乙烯中微量CO、CO2及烃类杂质的全分析。通过考察载气流速、柱温、升温速率、分流比对实验结果的影响,确定了最佳实验条件,同时对该方法进行了精密度、准确度和最小检测限考察。结果表明该方法是乙烯中杂质含量测定的一种简单快捷、准确可靠的分析方法。     

ETHYLENE OXIDATION ON SILVER CATALYSTS: EFFECT OF ETHYLENE OXIDE AND OF EXTERNAL TRANSFER LIMITATIONS

Ethylene oxidation to ethylene oxide and to carbon dioxide over silver catalysts was studied in a CSTR. The effects of two factors on the catalyst performance were examined. The first was the presence of excess ethylene oxide in the feed. A kinetic model was introduced which assumed that ethylene and ethylene oxide compete for the same sites on the catalyst surface. This model provided reasonable quantitative agreement with kinetic and potentiometric measurements. The second factor that was studied was the presence of external heat and mass transfer limitations. It was found that such limitations cause a significant decrease of the selectivity to ethylene oxide. This decrease is a result of the temperature difference between the catalyst surface and the bulk of the gas phase and of the fact that the activation energy of ethylene combustion is greater than that of ethylene epoxidation. The contribution of other factors such as inhibition by CO₂ or possible incomplete mixing in the reactor is shown to be insignificant.     

Adsorption and enthalpy of phenol on BPL carbon

The displacement process of adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution on carbons with various surface properties has been studied using a flow calorimeter. The carbon surface was oxidised, chlorinated and treated with ethylene. The enthalpy of exchange of water with phenol was measured along with the quantitative uptake of phenol on a column of carbon from a flowing solution. It was determined that the uptake of phenol was primarily a pore filling phenomenon and surface alterations must be severe to have a significant influence on the enthalpy.     

石灰窑气碳酸化法制备白炭黑工艺

对电石生产排放的废气?石灰窑气与水玻璃经碳酸化法制备白炭黑的工艺进行了较为系统的实验研究. 考察了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比及二氧化碳含量等因素对白炭黑的产率及产品性能(粒度分布、吸油值)的影响. 获得了最佳反应条件：反应温度85~95℃、反应时间2.5 h、水玻璃与水的体积比1:6、模拟石灰窑气中二氧化碳的浓度为40%. 研究结果对制备性能优良的高补强无机填料白炭黑工艺的工业化具有重要的参考价值.     

Ethylene recovery from low grade gas stream by adsorption on zeolites and controlled desorption

Carbon dioxide was partially removed from a nitrogen stream, which also contained some ethylene, by adsorption on a 4A (Na-A) zeolite. The treated nitrogen stream was then passed over a 13X (Na-X) zeolite bed upon which ethylene and any remaining carbon dioxide were adsorbed. Ethylene was recovered by desorption at 68 Pa pressure into a slow flow of nitrogen as stripping gas. The ethylene concentration in the extracted gas was extremely dependent on the nitrogen flow-rate, whereas the concentration of carbon dioxide remained practically constant. Thus, it was possible to obtain a gas mixture greatly enriched in ethylene with a reasonably low content of carbon dioxide.