轻压下条件下管线钢铸坯凝固组织与中心偏析的关系

 为研究在动态轻压下条件下等轴晶和柱状晶组织与管线钢板坯中心偏析的关系,试验通过改变中包钢水过热度来获得铸坯中心不同凝固组织,并分析不同凝固组织内的中心偏析情况。试验铸坯分别采用热酸腐蚀、化学分析的方法,定性、定量分析过热度在11~32℃之间,铸坯厚度方向上元素含量分布和不同凝固组织中的偏析形貌。结果显示：过热度在14℃以下的坯样中心为等轴晶组织,过热度在20℃以上的坯样中心完全为柱状晶组织;在现有轻压下条件下,中心为等轴晶和过热度为32℃时中心柱状晶组织的坯样中心偏析度均较低,但因铸坯中心整个等轴晶区内会分布着偏析点,因而较之中心柱状晶组织,中心为等轴晶组织中点状偏析分布范围较宽;当中心为柱状晶组织时,适当提高过热度、优化压下量,可降低中心偏析度,提高中心偏析评级。     

Hi-B钢连铸坯凝固组织及偏析的研究

通过工业试验,借助低倍检验、化学分析和原位分析等手段,对不同过热度和二冷比水量条件下Hi-B钢铸坯的宏观凝固组织和元素偏析进行分析检测,探究钢水过热度和二冷强度对铸坯凝固组织和元素分布的影响规律。结果表明,提高二冷强度,可使柱状晶率增加,降低过热度,可保留一定数量的等轴晶区。但过热度和二冷强度对铸坯中心等轴晶晶粒尺寸影响较小,铸坯中心等轴晶尺寸为3.0～3.4 mm。随着柱状晶率增加,碳的偏析逐渐改善,硫偏析先加剧后减轻。在过热度20℃、比水量1.38 L/kg的铸坯中,内弧侧粗大晶粒可达9.8 mm,高溶质浓度的钢液在枝晶间隙流动,造成严重的碳、硫偏析。     

GCr15轴承钢大方坯微观组织数值模拟

以某钢厂GCr15钢大方坯为研究对象,采用ProCAST软件建立凝固数学模型,在此基础上采用CAFE模型对铸坯凝固组织进行模拟,研究了过热度、拉速和二冷强度对铸坯凝固组织的影响。结果表明:过热度对铸坯凝固组织影响较大。随着过热度的提高,同一位置柱状晶区平均晶粒半径增大,柱状晶区增大,中心等轴晶比例减小,柱状晶向等轴晶转变延后,过热度由40℃降低至10℃时,中心等轴晶率增加21.14%。拉速和二冷强度对铸坯凝固组织影响较小。随着拉速的提高或二冷强度的降低,柱状晶区减小,中心等轴晶比例增大,柱状晶向等轴晶转变提前,但其变化并不明显。在实际生产过程中可以通过降低过热度来细化铸坯凝固组织晶粒。     

凝固组织对GCr15轴承钢220 mm×260 mm连铸坯中心偏析的影响

铸坯高中心等轴晶率及小的二次枝晶臂间距有利于降低高碳钢M+E-EMS连铸坯中心偏析。通过建立GCr15钢220 mm×260 mm连铸坯耦合有限元-元胞自动机模型(CAFE)及二次枝晶臂间距(SDAS)模型,研究结晶器电磁搅拌、过热度和拉速对中心等轴晶率及二次枝晶臂间距的影响。结果表明,相比于拉速,过热度和结晶器电磁搅拌对其影响明显。随着过热度降低及结晶器电磁搅拌强度增加,铸坯中心等轴晶率增加而二次枝晶臂间距减小,而拉速对凝固终点和中心固相率影响大。工业试验结果表明,采用结晶器与凝固末端电磁搅拌,相比于过热度35℃和拉速0.75 m/min,控制过热度小于25℃且拉速调整为0.8 m/min时,轴承钢GCr15铸坯中心等轴晶率由原27%增加至38%且二次枝晶臂间距细化,中心碳偏析指数由原1.06～1.39降至0.93～1.13。     

钢水流动对凝固组织影响的模型

在大方坯、小方坯铸造中，为了防止中心偏析和中心疏松，在结晶器内和凝固末端，采用电磁搅拌使凝固组织等轴晶化，在凝固末期采用轻压下技术来防止凝固收缩时的钢水流动。但是对偏析晶粒影响很大的等轴晶率和等轴晶粒大小，因钢种、铸坯尺寸、铸造速度、钢水过热度及流动条件等会发生怎样的变化，目前还未建立定量的推定方法。     

齿轮钢连铸坯凝固组织与溶质分布均匀性

分析了20CrMnTi齿轮钢200 mm×200 mm连铸坯凝固组织和溶质分布的均匀性,提出了不同过热度时粗大等轴晶和点状偏析的共生机理,制定了齿轮钢连铸均质性控制策略。结果表明,齿轮钢连铸坯凝固组织受到钢水过热度的直接影响,提高过热度会减小等轴晶面积,降低对中性,减小等轴晶尺寸;齿轮钢连铸坯凝固组织直接影响C元素中心偏析和断面分布均匀性,提高等轴晶率有利于降低中心偏析,但会增大等轴晶区溶质波动范围;齿轮钢连铸坯凝固组织直接影响半宏观尺度的点状偏析,提高等轴晶率会增加大尺寸点状偏析数量,Cr、Mn溶质偏聚程度也会增加。为了同时提高齿轮钢组织和成分均匀性,比较理想的连铸低倍结构特征是等轴晶率低、等轴晶尺寸小而均匀、对中性良好。     

降低过热度对方坯凝固组织的影响

结晶器内钢液过热度的降低可以促进柱状晶向等轴晶的转变和提高等轴晶率,从而有利于铸坯组织的均质化。基于上述原理,设计和制造了可用于降低钢液过热度的冷却水口,并在方坯连铸机上进行了工业试验,分析了低过热度技术对方坯凝固组织的影响。结果表明:采用冷却水口以后,结晶器内钢液过热度的下降幅度可达14℃,铸坯的等轴晶率提高了8%~24%,中心偏析和缩孔严重程度有所降低。     

55SiMnVB连铸坯的凝固组织与质量

对５５ＳｉＭｎＶＢ弹簧钢连铸坯的凝固组织进行分析。实验结果表明：５５ＳｉＭＮＣＶＢ弹簧钢铸坯凝固组织较疏松，二次枝晶臂间距为１００－２５０μｍ，较一般合金钢小；铸坯中夹杂物面积百分含量偏高，为０．７１－１．２８％。降低钢液过热度和提高凝固末端电磁搅拌强度对提高中心等轴晶率，减轻铸坯中心偏析有效果。     

末端电磁搅拌参数优化对重轨钢铸坯质量的影响

通过对1#铸机设备改造前后所生产的重轨钢坯内外部质量对比,分析了1#铸机采用不同的凝固末端搅拌参数对重轨钢铸坯的中心碳偏析指数、疏松、及铸坯凝固组织的影响,得出1#铸机280 mm×380 mm断面重轨钢在拉速为0.6 m/min、过热度为25℃的连铸工艺参数条件下,凝固末端电磁搅拌参数为350 A/8 Hz,不仅使铸坯等轴晶率为25%~30%,也可使铸坯中心碳偏析指数均控制在1.10以下。     

连铸工艺参数对20CrMnTi齿轮钢150 mm x 150 mm铸坯凝固组织影响数值模拟和生产应用

为改善20CrMnTi钢小方坯凝固组织,基于ProCAST软件中的CAFE模型,对其凝固组织进行数值模拟,研究了不同钢水过热度、铸坯拉速、二冷比水量对凝固组织的影响。模拟结果表明,降低钢水过热度、提高铸坯拉速、降低二冷比水量均可达到增大铸坯等轴晶率和细化晶粒的目的,其中过热度对其影响最大。过热度每降低10℃,等轴晶率平均增加3.7%;拉速每增加0.1 m/min,铸坯等轴晶率平均增加1.8%;比水量每降低0.1 L/kg,铸坯等轴晶率平均增加1.65%。生产应用表明,钢水过热度30℃时,当拉速由原2.2 m/min降低至2.1 m/min,二冷比水量由0.6 L/kg提高至0.7 L/kg,铸坯中心疏松明显减少。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。