高温空气燃烧NOx生成规律研究

高温空气燃烧技术通过回收烟气中的余热,实现高效节能.由于采用高温空气助燃,所以NOx的生成规律和常规燃烧不同.本文以5喷口带夹角烧嘴做为研究对象,通过数值模拟的方法对NOx生成进行了系统的研究,得出了助燃空气预热温度、助燃空气的含氧量、过量空气系数、空气射流的角度和钢坯吸热热流等5大因素对NOx生成的影响规律.     

蓄热燃烧中NOx生成规律研究

蓄热燃烧技术通过回收烟气中的余热,实现高效节能.由于采用高温空气助燃,所以NOx的生成规律和常规燃烧不同.文章以五喷口带夹角烧嘴为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法对NOx生成进行了系统地研究,得出了助燃空气预热温度、助燃空气的含氧量、过量空气系数、空气射流的角度和钢坯吸热热流等五大因素对NOx生成的影响规律.     

烧嘴喷口间距对炉内温度场、流场和浓度场的影响

以高温蓄热式加热炉为例,运用Fluent软件,研究了烧嘴喷口间距对炉内温度场、流速场分布的影响。研究结果表明:当烧嘴喷口间距增大时,虽然天然气和空气更容易扩散到整个炉膛燃烧,但是若距离增大到超过一定的程度,射流的偏转角度也会增大,造成炉内流速分布不均匀,降低炉膛内的平均温度,同时还会推迟天然气和空气混合,造成燃料燃烧不完全。当烧嘴喷口间距为450 mm时,炉内平均温度最高,而且温度分布最均匀。     

矩形空气喷口长宽比对高温空气燃烧NOx排放的影响

高温空气燃烧技术中,在燃气喷口两侧布置矩形空气喷口,且矩形空气喷口的长轴指向燃气喷口,有利于在炉膛内形成低氧、低燃气浓度的高温燃烧环境.本文利用计算流体力学软件研究了矩形空气喷口长宽比在高温空气燃烧过程中对N0x排放的影响.研究结果表明,在本文所研究的炉膛结构条件下,矩形空气喷口长宽比为1.5、空气喷口与燃气喷口的间距为43 mm时,NOx排放能够得到有效的控制.     

几何结构影响高温空气燃烧特性的数值分析

通过改变燃料喷口周围空气喷口分布夹角,采用数值计算的方法研究了高温空气燃烧特性的变化,包括燃烧温度场、速度场和NOx的生成和出口排放情况。模拟结果说明,减小空气分布夹角可以降低燃烧区最高温度和平均温度,扩大燃烧室内低氧范围,有效抑制热力型NOx的生成和排放。所采用的计算模型和计算方法可以较好地模拟高温空气燃烧过程,计算结果可信。     

炉膛结构对炉内NOx生成的影响

分析了炉膛结构以及烧嘴布置方式对流场、火焰温度、组分分布和NOx生成量的影响.研究结果表明当炉膛顶部同时布置烧嘴和排烟口时,燃烧主射流对炉膛排烟的卷吸将降低助燃空气射流中的氧气浓度和燃气射流中的可燃物浓度,进而降低氮氧化物的排放;此外,NOx排放量同烟气在炉内停留时间有关,其浓度将沿烟气流程逐渐增加.     

一种新型烧嘴及其高效节能低污染特性分析

本文介绍了一种新型烧嘴的结构和工作原理。陶瓷蓄热体和切换阀是其两个主要部件。高温烟气和低温空气在切换阀的控制下,交替地通过陶瓷蓄热体,从而实现烟气余热回收和助燃空气的预热。助燃空气的预热温度可高达800℃以上。燃料被分成一次燃料和二次燃料两部分,总量很少的一次燃料与高温助燃空气在烧嘴内直接混合燃烧,而总量很多的二次燃料则被直接喷入炉瞠内进行高温低氧条件下的燃烧。文章对高温低氧燃烧方式的高效节能、低污染特性进行了分析。结果表明,采用高温空气燃烧技术实现60％的节能率和低NOx排放是可能的。     

高温低氧条件下平焰燃烧NOx生成特性的研究

针对强旋流平焰燃烧采用高温低氧燃烧条件,应用粒子成像测速技术(PIV)对烧嘴下方的主要燃烧区速度场进行了测量,同时对炉内温度场,排烟口NOx进行测量。经过实验研究,在高温低氧燃烧条件下,燃烧稳定,燃气燃烧完全,燃烧区温度分布均匀,NOx生成量下降到30×10-6。通过蓄热室,空气由20℃预热到200℃,烟气温度由800℃降低到80℃,达到了节能环保的效果。     

旋流对烟气自循环燃烧室影响的数值分析

在烟气自循环燃烧器的环形空气通道中添加了旋流叶片,分析了旋流对炉内速度、温度和组分浓度及污染物生成的影响。研究表明:旋流叶片可以起到良好的导流作用,能有效地组织燃烧室内的流场,使空气射流外翻卷吸大量高温烟气回流,增强了反应物的混合和燃烧,提高了炉内的温度水平。由于烟气回流反推燃料,使燃料一进入炉膛就剧烈反应,形成了局部高温区域,导致NO的大量生成,但是烟气自循环燃烧器的稀释作用,使NO的排放仍在较低范围内。     

二次空气对高温低氧空气燃烧污染物排放的影响

利用数值模拟软件分析了二次空气对高温低氧空气燃烧污染物排放的影响.应用分级燃烧技术的燃烧器不仅使燃烧室内具有较高的温度水平,温度场均匀,燃烧效率高,而且NOx的生成量也较低,可以达到节约燃料和降低污染物的综合效果.计算结果分析表明:分级燃烧的二次空气配比对燃烧室内的NOx排放有较大影响.当一次空气占40%左右时NOx排放最少.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。