藜麦鸡肉丸的加工工艺

研制一款营养价值高,口感美味的鸡肉丸.以鸡胸肉、藜麦粉作为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究藜麦粉添加量、蒸煮时间、蒸煮温度与调和油添加量对藜麦鸡肉丸蒸煮得率、感官品质和质构的影响,以确定藜麦鸡肉丸制作的最适工艺与参数.结果表明,藜麦添加量10％、调和油添加量5％、蒸煮温度90℃、蒸煮时间10min,可得到米杏色、气...     

藜麦生鲜面条加工工艺研究

采用藜麦粉和小麦粉为主要原料,选择藜麦粉添加量、谷朊粉添加量、食盐添加量、加水量4个因素,以蒸煮品质、感官品质作为考察指标,进行单因素试验和正交试验,确定藜麦面条的最佳生产工艺.结果 表明:最佳工艺为以小麦粉质量为基准,藜麦粉添加量10％、谷朊粉添加量2.5％、食盐添加量0.8％、加水量44％.在此条件下生产的面条表面...     

响应面优化藜麦蛋白提取及对力竭运动大鼠血流动力学和氧化应激的影响

采用响应面优化酶解法提取藜麦蛋白,并研究其对力竭运动大鼠血流动力学和氧化应激的影响.藜麦蛋白的最佳提取工艺方案:液料比21∶1(mL/g)、提取温度52℃、酶添加量4.2％(以藜麦粉末质量为基准添加).在此条件下,藜麦蛋白平均提取率为71.26％,与理论预测值相差不大.大鼠力竭运动试验表明,藜麦蛋白均可以提高大鼠的左心...     

藜麦粉对面条品质以及体外消化特性的影响

通过测量面团的混合特性、糊化特性、蒸煮损失以及面条的质构特性以及体外淀粉消化特性等指标,研究了藜麦粉的添加量对小麦面条功能品质以及体外消化特性的影响.结果表明,藜麦粉的添加能够提高面团的稳定性、糊化特性,降低面条的蒸煮损失,改善面条的硬度、弹性以及咀嚼性等性能.另外,藜麦粉的添加能够显著降低淀粉的消化特性,可增强饱腹感...     

藜麦粉对冷冻面团特性及其面包品质的影响

将藜麦和小麦粉按一定比例混合,用快速粘度分析法测定混合粉糊化特性,流变仪测定了冻藏过程中小麦-藜麦冷冻面团的流变学特性,核磁共振法测定面团中水分迁移,并测定其发酵体积变化,最后分析了冷冻面团组织状态与产品品质的关系。结果表明：藜麦粉对冷冻面团及面包的品质均有改善。藜麦粉降低了混合粉体系的糊化粘度和崩解值。冻藏后,冷冻面团的弹性模量和粘性模量增加,小麦粉冷冻面团损耗角正切值增加了4.73%,添加量为5%时冷冻面团损耗角正切值仅增加0.41%;小麦冷冻面团自由水上升了3.90%,藜麦添加后仅上升2.40%,可见藜麦粉能冷冻面团降低水分迁移程度;同时,添加藜麦粉能维持面团面筋网络结构的完整性,发酵体积由26.42 mL/h增大到29.17 mL/h。不同添加量的藜麦粉对面团及面包的品质改善程度不同,最适添加量为10%,烘烤后面包比容为3.08 mL/g,硬度为2803.48 g。本研究可为开发藜麦冷冻面团提供理论基础,在藜麦新产品开发方面具有重要的指导意义。     

藜麦粉对小麦面团流变学特性的影响

以内蒙古种植的藜麦为试验材料,利用粉质仪和拉伸仪研究了藜麦粉添加量对小麦粉面团粉质特性和拉伸特性的影响。试验结果表明,当藜麦粉添加量为35%时,不能准确测量粉质参数;随着藜麦粉添加量的增加,吸水率先减小后增大,当藜麦粉添加量为10%时吸水率最小,为60.6%;面团的形成时间在藜麦粉添加量为10%时最大,为6.8 min;面团的稳定时间随藜麦粉添加量的增加显著减少,而弱化度则显著增加,藜麦粉添加量为30%时,面团的稳定时间为5.9 min,弱化度为111 FU,不适合制作面包。拉伸度、最大拉伸阻力、拉伸阻力、拉伸比值和拉伸曲线面积随藜麦粉添加量的增加整体呈逐渐下降趋势;醒面90 min和135 min后,拉伸阻力和拉伸比值在藜麦粉添加量为10%时最大;随着醒面时间的延长,最大拉伸阻力、拉伸阻力、拉伸比值和拉伸曲线面积均逐渐增加,而拉伸度逐渐减少。以拉伸度为指标,醒面45 min的面团拉伸特性较好。藜麦粉添加量在5%~25%时的混粉适合制作藜麦面制品。     

无麸质杂粮华夫饼的配方优化及品质分析

该研究选取苦荞粉、藜麦粉和豌豆淀粉为主要原料,以感官评分和硬度为评价指标,利用单因素试验与Box-Behnken中心组合试验相结合,优化无麸质杂粮华夫饼的配方。结果表明,以100 g杂粮粉料为基准,其最佳工艺条件为苦荞粉添加量31.5%、藜麦粉添加量31.5%、豌豆淀粉添加量37.0%、白砂糖添加量36.2%、黄油添加量30.7%、鸡蛋添加量90.0%、酵母添加量1.5%、牛奶添加量90.0%。该条件下所得产品色泽金黄、香气宜人、风味俱佳,且具有一定抗氧化活性。     

不同解冻方式对秘鲁鱿鱼肌肉品质和风味特性的影响

在保证藜麦面包营养的同时,使其口感更佳美味。以硬度、弹性、黏聚性和质构为评价指标,通过感官评分采用单因素试验对面包配方进行优化。结果表明,以藜麦粉和面包粉为基重,最佳工艺配方为藜麦粉添加量12%,干酵母添加量0.5%,发酵时间150 min,发酵湿度90%,发酵温度32℃,黄油添加量0.7%。此时,藜麦面包的硬度为2 427 N,弹性为714 mm,黏聚性366 mJ,藜麦杂粮面包感官评分97分。最佳藜麦面包工艺测得含水量14%,样品发酵后面团的体积扩大到原体积的2倍,蛋白质含量1.6%,还原糖含量1.13%。     

低GI杂粮复合烤制馒头工艺配方优化及品质分析

为了提高低血糖生成指数(Glycemic Index,GI)杂粮复合烤制馒头的品质,以青稞粉、藜麦粉和荞麦粉为主要原料,采用单因素和正交实验对杂粮复合烤制馒头的配方和工艺进行了优化.结果表明,杂粮复合烤制馒头的最优配方及工艺条件为:青稞粉添加量5％,藜麦粉添加量5％,荞麦粉添加量20％;改良剂加量0.6％,酵母添加量1...     

藜麦粉对小麦面团、面包质构特性及品质的影响

研究藜麦粉对小麦面团及面包质构特性的影响,为开发藜麦焙烤食品提供理论依据。在对藜麦粉中蛋白组分含量系统研究的基础上,利用质构仪的TPA模式测定添加藜麦粉对小麦面团硬度、弹性和黏性的影响,藜麦粉对面包硬度和弹性的影响。结果表明,随着藜麦粉添加量的增加,面团的硬度呈先减小后增加的趋势,添加量为15%时硬度最小;弹性呈先增大后减小的趋势,在藜麦粉添加量15%时达到最大值,黏性呈逐渐增大的趋势。随着藜麦粉添加量的增加,面包的硬度逐渐增大,弹性逐渐减小,感官评分先增大后减小,在15%时达到最大值。因此,藜麦粉的添加改变了小麦面团和面包的质构特性,且面团的质构特性与面包质构特性、面包感官品质间具有一定相关性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the