电解海水防污用钌系金属氧化物阳极的研制

为了提高电解海水防污用钌系金属氧化物阳极的析氯电流效率、强化电解寿命、耐正反电流交替电解性能及抗Mn2+污染性能,采用热分解法制备了不同配比的RuO2-IrO2-SnO2和PtO2-RuO2-IrO2-SnO2氧化物涂层阳极,通过对2种阳极的形貌、强化电解寿命、耐正反电流交替电解性能、析氯电流效率及耐Mn2+污染性能的对比,研究了Pt组元对阳极性能的影响.结果表明:RuO2-IrO2-SnO2氧化物阳极具有较高的初始析氯电流效率和较长的强化电解寿命,表现出优良的抗Mn2污染性能;通过添加适量Pt组元制备的PtO2-RuO2-IrO2-SnO2氧化物阳极除具备上述优点外,还具有优异的耐正反电流交替电解性能.     

Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-SnO2系统的分相与析晶

对Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-SnO2四元系统的分相与析晶进行了探讨．通过对不同组成点在热处理、化学处理各阶段的试样进行能谱分析、XRD分析及SEM分析，确认了SnO2分布在分相结构中的富硼碱相中；在该系统中SnO2晶体的析出有赖于分相过程；分相结构尺度限制了SnO2的析晶尺寸．试验结果表明，通过控制分相结构得到了负载于多孔富硅载体的纳米尺寸的SnO2材料．该材料具有较高的CO氧化催化活性．     

固溶时效对铸造Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Cr-2Mo-2Nb钛合金组织和性能的影响

研究了固溶时效制度对铸造Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Cr-2Mo-2Nb钛合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,适当的热处理制度可以明显提高合金的室温及高温强度,但是塑性略有下降。Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Cr-2Mo-2Nb铸造钛合金组织以集束状的片状α相为主,热处理后α集束的尺寸得到细化。采用915℃×2 h+空冷+590℃×4 h+空冷的热处理制度可以得到较理想的显微组织和良好的室温及高温综合力学性能。     

硬脂酸法制备TiO2-SnO2纳米粉

采用硬脂酸法分别制备了SnO2纳米粉体及TiO2-SnO2混合纳米粉,并应用XRD和TEM等分析方法对所得粉体进行了表征.结果显示,采用硬脂酸法制备了粒径约18nm的SnO2纳米粉体和粒径约5-15nm的TiO2-SnO2纳米粉体.     

二组元（RuO2-TiO2）及三组元（RuO2-SnO2-TiO2）Ti阳极涂层的微观组织对其电化学性能的影响

通过热分解法制备了二组元（RuO₂-TiO₂）和三组元（RuO₂-SnO₂-TiO₂）Ti阳极涂层,并通过SEM、XRD以及电化学工作站对其结构及性能进行测试。结果表明：在烘干温度130 ℃,热氧化温度500 ℃,烧结时间15 min,退火时间1 h的条件下,所制备的三组元（RuO₂-SnO₂-TiO₂）Ti阳极涂层性能较为优异,析氯电位为1.128 V,析氧电位为1.674 V。在二组元（RuO₂-TiO₂）涂层中加入Sn组元,可以减少贵金属Ru的使用量,降低钛阳极涂层的成本;而且所形成的SnO₂可提高涂层表面的电催化活性,降低电极的析氯电位、析氧电位,延长电极的工作寿命。     

反应液加入H2O2制备本征SnO2高阻薄膜

在反应液中加入H2O2,用超声喷雾热分解技术制备了SnO2高阻薄膜.结合XRD图谱,方块电阻测试,透光率测试以及Tauc曲线分析的结果,发现反应液中加入H2O2制备的SnO2薄膜,膜质较好,样品在(200)晶面有明显的择优取向;电阻率有明显提高,为12～13 Ω·cm;透光率与一般的透明导电膜并没有很大差别.     

柠条APMP浆漂白特性的研究

目的研究柠条APMP浆H_2O_2单段、两段以及H_2O_2-Na_2S_2O_4两段的漂白特性。方法研究H_2O_2单段漂中H_2O_2用量、温度和反应时间,以及两段漂中H_2O_2和Na_2S_2O_4的用量对漂后纸浆成纸的白度和各项物理性能影响,了解柠条APMP浆的漂白特性。结果得到了柠条APMP浆H_2O_2单段漂的最佳工艺条件,H_2O_2质量分数为5.0%,温度为80℃,时间为90 min。在该条件下,纸浆的白度从47.71%提高到64.87%,白度提高了36%,且成纸的抗张强度、耐破强度和撕裂强度都得到提高。在H_2O_2用量一定的条件下,柠条APMP浆H_2O_2两段漂的效果优于H_2O_2单段漂;H_2O_2-Na_2S_2O_4两段漂后纸浆的白度较H_2O_2单段漂虽有所提高,但漂后浆成纸的结合强度均低于H_2O_2单段漂。结论柠条APMP浆可以采用H_2O_2单段和两段漂,其中H_2O_2两段漂的效果优于单段漂。     

籽晶层对氧化锡纳米棒生长质量及其钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

利用SnCl2·2 H2 O和SnO2纳米粒子为籽晶层前驱体分别生长SnO2纳米棒,并作为电子传输层制备钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs).综合利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外可见近红外分光光度计(UV-vis)、稳态光致发光光谱(PL)和伏安特性曲线(J-V)等表征技术,分析研究籽晶层前驱体对SnO2纳米棒薄膜和钙钛矿薄膜的形貌、结构、光学性质、SnO2/钙钛矿界面间的电荷转移能力以及电池性能的影响规律.结果表明:SnO2纳米粒子相比SnCl2·2 H2 O能够形成更致密的籽晶层,从而更易于生长出平整、均匀的SnO2纳米棒薄膜.沉积于以SnO2纳米粒子为籽晶层的SnO2纳米棒上的钙钛矿有源层具有更好的结晶质量和更强的光吸收性能,所制备电池的最高效率达到12.93％.本工作表明SnO2纳米粒子是一种优异的生长SnO2纳米棒薄膜的籽晶层材料,为制备高性能的基于一维电子传输材料的钙钛矿电池奠定了一定基础.     

Eu2+在Sr2SiO4·SrCl2材料中的发光特性

采用高温固相法制备了Sr2SiO4.SrCl2∶Eu2+荧光粉,并研究了材料的发光特性。X射线衍射结果显示,Sr2SiO4.SrCl2∶Eu2+材料是由SrCl2∶Eu2+和Sr2SiO4∶Eu2+构成的复合化合物。以320nm紫外光作为激发源,测得材料的发射光谱呈宽谱特征,覆盖350～600nm。在0.5%～2%范围增大Eu2+掺杂量时,位于蓝色光区域的发射峰位置没有变化,为403nm,处于长波方向的发射峰呈现出先红移、后蓝移的变化趋势,但两发射峰的强度均明显减小。监测两发射峰,所得结果分别对应SrCl2∶Eu2+和Sr2SiO4∶Eu2+材料的激发光谱,覆盖250～400nm。分析认为,材料的光谱分布及发射强度的变化与晶场环境及处于不同Sr2+格位上Eu2+间的能量传递等有关。     

Effect of La3+ Doping on the Luminescence of BaSi2O2N2 : Eu2+ Phosphors

研究了L3+掺杂对BaSi2O2N2∶Eu2+发光性能的影响.通过高温固相反应制备了纯相的Ba0.94-Si2O2N2∶0.06Eu2+荧光粉.在此基础上进行La3+的掺杂,并对少量La3+掺杂的LaxBa0.94-1.5xSi2O2N2∶0.06Eu2+荧光粉的结构和光学性能进行了研究.XRD图谱表明粉体在低掺杂时保持了基质BaSi2O2N2的晶格结构.通过共掺x=0.035的La3+可使荧光粉的发光效率提高到157％,原因是La3+部分取代Ba12+产生了阳离子缺陷,其可以吸收光源能量并将能量传递给Eu2+.最终这些能量通过Eu2+的4f65d→4f7跃迁以光辐射的形式释放出来.     

Creep behaviour of Si3N4/Y2O3/Al2O3/AIN alloys

The compression creep behaviour of pressureless sintered Y₂O₃/Al₂O₃/AIN-doped Si₃N₄ was studied between 1473 and 1673 K, under stresses ranging from 100–300 MPa. Strain rate versus stress and temperature analysis give a stress exponent n1 and an activation energy Q=860 kJ mol^–1. Microstructural change was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The observed strain whorls, the stress exponent and the activation energy are indicative of a solution-diffusion-precipitation accommodated grain-boundary sliding where the diffusion through the glass is rate controlling.     

Preparation of MnCo2O4 whiskers and spheroids through thermal decomposition of Mn1/3Co2/3C2O4 · 2H2O

The mixed oxalate Mn_1/3Co_2/3C₂O₄ · 2H₂O has been prepared in the form of whiskers 2–5 μm in diameter and up to 50 μm in length and spheroidal nanofiber arrays 20 μm in diameter using two different coprecipitation procedures. Thermal decomposition of this oxalate in air has led to the formation of MnCo₂O₄ particles very similar in morphology to their oxalate precursor. The materials have been characterized by chemical analysis, thermogravimetry, x-ray diffraction. IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.     

纳米Zn/Fe_3O_4水解制备纳米ZnFe_2O_4

用干法室温振动研磨方法制备纳米Zn粉,化学沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4,纳米Zn和Fe3O4水解制备纳米ZnFe2O4。TEM和XRD检测显示经11h研磨的Zn粉粒度分布在10～20nm之间,纳米Fe3O4的粒度分布在20nm左右,水解产物纳米ZnFe2O4,形貌为方形片状,粒子尺度约为20nm。研究结果表明纳米Zn/Fe3O4摩尔比为1.5∶1,反应温度为300℃是最佳反应条件,可见用振动研磨方法制备的纳米Zn颗粒具有优良的性能,能使化学反应在较低温度下快速完成,且制备方法简单易行,便于批量化生产。     

Co3O4/Bi2O3纳米粒子气相光催化降解甲苯的研究

采用微乳法及化学沉淀法制备了复合氧化物Co3O4/Bi2O3纳米粒子，结果表明，微乳法制备的复合氧化物Co3O4/Bi2O3粒子光催化活性更好；活性的提高程度与n（Co）：n（Bi）有关，其最佳配比为0．02：1；随着焙烧温度的增加，光催化活性提高，750℃焙烧的样品催化活性最好。以甲苯为目标反应物，考察了光照强度、甲苯的初始浓度、气相氧浓度、水蒸气含量对甲苯光催化降解反应速率的影响。     

Fe_2O_3/ZnFe_2O_4/C复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

本文以葡萄糖作为碳源,采用溶剂热法进行原位碳包覆合成了Fe_2O_3/ZnFe_2O_4/C材料,研究了材料的结构及电化学性能。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、循环伏安扫描(CV)和恒流充放电技术对材料结构及电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明,采用此法合成的Fe_2O_3/ZnFe_2O_4/C复合材料呈现多孔结构,粒径约为250nm,经历40次循环后材料的可逆容量依然能保持在645.7mAh/g,较未包覆碳材料的电极提高了19.0%,其可逆容量和循环稳定性能得到了显著提升。     

Interfacial Engineering of Co3O4/Fe2O3 Nano-Heterostructure Toward Superior Li-O2 Batteries

A major issue with Li-O₂ batteries is their slow oxygen reduction and evolution kinetics, necessitating catalysts with high catalytic activity to improve reaction kinetics and cycle stability. Herein, a nano-heterostructured catalyst composed of Co₃O₄ and Fe₂O₃ (Co₃O₄/Fe₂O₃) with a porous rod morphology is achieved through an interfacial engineering strategy by constructing Fe₂O₃ on the Co₃O₄ surface, which can function as a high-performance cathode in order to efficiently encourage the oxygen reduction and evolution while also reduce the battery polarization during charging and discharging. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations show the differences in charge density at the interface of nano-heterostructures, demonstrating the occurrence of an electron transfer process in the interface region of Co₃O₄ and Fe₂O₃, implying a strong electronic coupling transfer, and in turn changing the electronic structure of the Co₃O₄. This significantly reduces the adsorption energy of LiO₂ intermediates, thereby effectively lowering the overpotential. The resultant Li-O₂ battery has larger discharge specific capacity, lower overpotential for the efficient oxygen evolution/reduction, as well as good cycling stability of 280 cycles. This work demonstrates an effective method to fabricate the nano-heterostrucutred materials with enhanced catalytic efficiency for advanced energy applications.     

Sandwiched BaNd2Ti4O12/Bi4Ti3O12/BaNd2Ti4O12 ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) combined with heat treatment was investigated to prepare laminated ceramics from compositions having quite different sintering temperatures. Although the optimal sintering temperature of BaNd₂Ti₄O₁₂ (BNT) ceramics was much higher than that of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ (BIT) ceramics, sandwiched BaNd₂Ti₄O₁₂/Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/BaNd₂Ti₄O₁₂ (BNT/BIT/BNT) composite ceramics were successfully prepared with this new method. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) showed that the BNT layers and the BIT layer were well bonded and no significant diffusion between them was observed. The temperature coefficient of dielectric constant of the laminated ceramic was found to be much smaller than that of BNT ceramic.     

花瓣状Fe_3O_4/Bi_2O_3复合粒子的制备及光催化活性

用共沉淀法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子作为种子,通过水热法获得了微米尺寸的Fe3O4/Bi2O3复合粒子。X射线衍射和X光电子能谱表征结果说明复合粒子是由Fe3O4和Bi2O3组成。扫描电子显微镜照片表明复合粒子形貌基本呈规则球形,并且具有花瓣状的三维多级结构。以罗丹明B的催化降解实验为模型考察了不同反应组成、不同反应介质、不同反应温度条件下制备的复合粒子的催化活性。结果表明,当反应条件中m(Bi(NO3)3·5H2O)/m(Fe3O4)为1.9 g∶0.2 g,水作反应介质在160℃时,所制备的复合粒子催化活性最高,对罗丹明B的降解率达95.4%。降解完成后,用磁铁吸附,Fe3O4/Bi2O3很快从体系中分离,可以重新催化降解罗丹明B,实现磁场控制的循环催化。实验发现,Fe3O4/Bi2O3经6次循环利用后,对罗丹明B的降解率仍达88.5%。     

Compression creep of Si3N4/MgAl2O4 alloys

The compression creep behaviour in air of pressureless sintered MgAl₂O₄-doped Si₃N₄ was studied at temperatures between 1473 and 1593 K, and under stresses between 50 and 300 M Pa. The variation of strain rate with stress and temperature was analysed to determine the stress exponent and the activation energy. Microstructural change was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Up to 1533 K and 200 M Pa (low temperature, low stress) viscous creep (n 1) appeared as the predominant mechanism of deformation. At 1593 K and 200 to 300 M Pa (high temperature, high stress), extensive cavitation in intergranular vitreous phase produces the fracture of the samples. In the low-temperature region, strain whorls which are characteristic of grain-boundary sliding were observed at grain-boundaries in crept specimens.