Ⅱ晶型利福平在两种混合溶剂中溶解度的测定和关联

使用平衡法测定了288.15～323.15 K时Ⅱ晶型利福平在正丁醇-丙酮和水-丙酮混合溶剂中的溶解度。实验结果表明Ⅱ晶型利福平在两种混合溶剂中的溶解度均随着温度升高而增大;在正丁醇-丙酮混合溶剂中,溶解度随着正丁醇的摩尔分数增加先增大后减小,在摩尔比0.350附近溶解度最大;在水-丙酮体系中,溶解度随着水的摩尔分数增加而增大。使用Apelblat方程、理想状态方程和(CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister方程关联溶解度数据,Apelblat方程关联结果优于理想状态方程,平均相对偏差小于5%。使用修正的van’t Hoff方程计算了两种体系的溶解焓、溶解熵和吉布斯自由能。溶解度数据及拟合方程为利福平研究和工业生产提供了基础数据。     

普瑞巴林晶型Ⅰ在纯溶剂及丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度测定与关联

通过平衡法测定了283.15~328.15 K温度下普瑞巴林晶型I在水、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙酸乙酯及丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度,实验结果表明:普瑞巴林晶型I在所测定的所有纯溶剂及丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度均随温度的升高而增大;在丙酮-水混合溶剂中,溶解度随着丙酮的摩尔分数的增加而降低,在丙酮的摩尔分数达到0.83附近时溶解度最小,接近0。采用修订的Apelblat经验方程和(CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister方程对溶解度数据进行关联,结果令人满意。所得实验数据和拟合模型为普瑞巴林在工业结晶及药物多晶型等方面的研究提供了重要的依据。     

乙醇-水溶剂中5'-尿苷酸二钠溶解度测定与关联

采用内置双光路激光检测器,在293.2-318.2 K温度范围内,测定了5'-尿苷酸二钠在纯水及不同乙醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度.分别用R-K方程、λh方程和Wilson方程3种溶解度模型,采用最小二乘法关联实验数据,并对比不同溶解度模型.结果表明,在乙醇质量分数为0-0.65区间内,5'-尿苷酸二钠溶解度随着温度的升高而增大,随乙醇质量分数的增大而显著减小,λh方程对5'-尿苷酸二钠溶解度关联效果最好.将λ,h表达为乙醇质量分数的函数,并用于内插计算,精度满足工程要求.     

缬沙坦在丁酮-异丙醚混合溶剂中溶解度测定及关联

溶解度数据对结晶动力学研究及结晶器优化起到重要作用,利用静态平衡法测定了缬沙坦在丁酮-异丙醚混合溶剂中278.15—323.15 K的溶解度。结果表明:缬沙坦在混合溶剂中的溶解度,随着温度和丁酮摩尔分数的变大而变大,随着异丙醚摩尔分数的变大而变小。采用Modified Apelblat、一般多项式和hybrid方程对溶解度数据进行关联,平均相对偏差分别为0.95%,0.25%,3.64%,其中一般多项式方程关联较好。用van't Hoff分析计算了缬沙坦在溶解过程中的热力学参数(焓变、熵变和吉布斯自由能),表明溶解过程为自发吸热熵驱动过程。     

谷胱甘肽在水-乙醇混合溶剂中的溶解度测定及关联

采用称质量法测定了283.15～313.05 K下谷胱甘肽在不同配比的水-乙醇混合溶剂中的溶解度。实验结果表明,谷胱甘肽的溶解度随乙醇摩尔分数的增加而下降,随温度的升高而逐渐增大。分别用Apelblat简化方程和λh方程对溶解度数据进行关联,结果表明两种模型方程的回归效果均令人满意。利用van’t Hoff方程估算得到谷胱甘肽在水-乙醇中的溶解焓和溶解熵。两者均随乙醇摩尔分数的增加而增大。谷胱甘肽溶解度的测定及关联为其工业结晶过程设计和工艺优化提供理论依据,对工业生产具有重要的指导作用。     

对羟基苯甘氨酸硫酸盐在水-丙酮中溶解度的测定与关联

利用灵敏的激光监视装置,采用恒温溶解法测定了对羟基苯甘氨酸硫酸盐在水-丙酮二元混合溶剂中的溶解度.实验温度范围约为303～323 K,水-丙酮混合溶剂中水的变化范围为0%～100%.在纯丙酮和低含水量的混合溶剂中,对羟基苯甘氨酸硫酸盐溶解度很低.混合溶剂含水9.09%以下时,溶解度随水含量增加略有降低.随着溶剂中水量的进一步增加,溶解度随之增大.在研究的温度范围内,溶质在纯水中的溶解度约为纯丙酮中的50～70倍.同一溶剂中,溶解度随温度升高而增大.用从Clausius-Clapeyron方程推导的理论模型关联溶解度与温度的关系,计算的溶解度和实验值符合良好,平均相对误差1.73%.实验结果可应用于对羟基苯甘氨酸的提纯和优先结晶法拆分工艺.     

HMX在二甲亚砜、丙酮和硝酸中溶解度的测定及关联

为验证并确定HMX溶解度摩尔分数的对数与对应绝对温度倒数的线性关系,采用常用的测定固体在液体中溶解度的实验装置,用静态平衡法测定293～363 K时HMX在二甲亚砜(DMSO)和质量分数68%硝酸中的溶解度以及273～328 K时在丙酮中的溶解度.然后用最小二乘法对HMX在不同温度下的溶解度数据进行关联,拟合出HMX在3种溶剂中溶解度与温度的线性方程,用其中一方程计算不同温度下HMX在DMSO中的溶解度,并与实测溶解度值进行比较,平均相对误差小于0.5%.此外,列出了溶解-结晶模型并界定了介稳区宽度.     

喜树碱在二甲亚砜和甲醇(或乙醇)混合溶剂中溶解度的测定和关联

采用重量法测定了喜树碱(camptothecine,CPT)在二甲亚砜(dimethylsulfoxide,DMSO)+甲醇(或乙醇)混合溶剂中的溶解度,温度范围是274.50~326.00 K。在混合溶剂中CPT的溶解度随温度的升高而增大,随混合溶剂中DMSO摩尔分数含量的增大而增大。分别用修正Apelblat方程、λh方程和理想状态方程进行关联,关联效果令人满意,获得了相关模型参数。相对而言,λh方程关联的效果较好。根据溶解度数据和修正的Apelblat方程计算出溶解焓、溶解熵和吉布斯自由能。     

废旧钝化RDX在环己酮-丙酮溶剂中溶解度的测定

利用丙酮萃取分离废旧钝黑铝(A-IX-II)炸药中的钝化RDX,采用静态平衡法对283～323K温度区间内的钝化RDX在环己酮、丙酮以及4种体积比(1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、1∶4)的环己酮-丙酮混合溶剂中的溶解度进行测定;采用Apelblat模型对钝化RDX在环己酮和丙酮中溶解度数据与温度进行了关联,建立了溶解度与温度模型;采用多项式经验模型对钝化RDX在4种配比的环己酮-丙酮混合溶剂中溶解度数据与温度进行了关联,建立了溶解度与温度模型。结果表明,体积比为1∶1的环己酮-丙酮混合溶剂对钝化RDX溶解性最佳;钝化RDX在环己酮和丙酮中溶解度与温度相关系数均在0.97以上;钝化RDX在4种体积比的环己酮-丙酮混合溶剂中溶解度与温度相关系数均在0.99以上。     

二苯基亚砜在有机溶剂中的溶解度测定和拟合

在温度288.30～334.32 K、常压条件下,采用合成法测定二苯基亚砜在乙醇、乙酸乙酯、甲苯、丙酮、氯仿以及一系列浓度的乙醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度。实验结果表明,在相同温度下,5种纯溶剂中二苯基亚砜的溶解度大小顺序如下,氯仿 > 丙酮 > 甲苯 > 乙酸乙酯 > 乙醇;乙醇-水混合溶剂中溶解度随着乙醇浓度下降而迅速降低;该溶解过程为吸热熵增过程,且随着溶解Gibbs斯自由能增大,溶解度减小。数据采用改进的Apelblat方程和van’t Hoff方程进行拟合,在乙醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度数据还采用Jouban-Acree方程拟合。拟合结果与实验数据基本吻合。测定的固液平衡数据可为二苯基亚砜的合成与提纯等过程的溶剂选择提供依据。     

异烟肼在有机溶剂中溶解度测定及晶习研究

在283.15~323.25 K范围内,利用在线浊度法测定了异烟肼在甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、丙酮、乙腈、乙酸甲酯与乙酸丁酯中的溶解度。数据表明,异烟肼在不同溶剂中的溶解度均随着温度升高而增加。在同一温度下,异烟肼的溶解度与溶剂关系符合如下顺序：甲醇 > 丙酮 > 乙醇 > 正丙醇 > 异丙醇 > 乙酸甲酯 > 异丁醇 > 正丁醇 > 乙腈 > 乙酸丁酯。采用改进的Apelblat、Wilson与NRTL方程对溶解度数据进行了拟合,结果与实验数据有较高的吻合。基于溶解度数据,对异烟肼溶解焓、溶解熵与溶解吉布斯能进行了计算,发现异烟肼溶解过程是吸热熵增过程。分析了甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇与丙酮对异烟肼冷却结晶过程所获产品晶习的影响,确定乙醇为合适的结晶溶剂。     

磷酸二氢钾在乙腈-水溶剂中溶解度的测定与关联

采用静态平衡法测定了293.15~318.15 K条件下磷酸二氢钾在乙腈-水溶剂中的溶解度,采用Apelblat模型对实验数据进行拟合,计算了磷酸二氢钾的溶解焓。结果表明：Apelblat模型能较好地关联磷酸二氢钾在乙腈-水溶剂中的溶解度,回归相关系数R²大于0.97;平均相对误差小于5%;在乙腈质量分数为0~0.838时,磷酸二氢钾的溶解焓为15.12~55.30 kJ/mol。得到了适用于磷酸二氢钾-乙腈-水体系的Apelblat模型,可为磷酸二氢钾的盐析结晶工艺提供热力学数据。     

Thermodynamic properties of metamizol monohydrate in pure and binary solvents at temperatures from (283.15 to 313.15)K

The thermodynamic properties of metamizol monohydrate in pure solvents (methanol,ethanol,n-propanol and isopropanol) and two binary mixed solvent systems including (methanol + ethanol) and (methanol +isopropanol) were measured from 283.15 K to 313.15 K by gravimetric method under atmospheric pressure thought as 0.1 MPa.The modified Apelblat equation,the CNIBS/R-K equation,the Hybrid model and the NRTL model were used to correlate the solubility of metamizol monohydrate,respectively.The results show that the solubility of metamizol monohydrate in all the tested solvents increases with the rising temperature which means that it has temperature dependence.What's more,the effects of solvent components of the binary solvent mixtures on solubility were discussed,it illustrates that the increasing of the molar fraction of methanol gives the system a greater dissolving power.Furthermore,according to the NRTL model,the enthalpy,the Gibbs energy and the entropy of the mixing process were also obtained and discussed.     

Solubility measurement and thermodynamic properties of sulfamonomethoxine in pure solvents and sulfamonomethoxine hydrate in acetone + water binary solvent at different temperature

The experimental solubility of sulfamonomethoxine in six different pure solvents (methanol,ethanol,1-propanol,l-butanol,ethyl acetate and acetone) and sulfamonomethoxine hydrate in acetone + water mixture solvents were measured from 294.55 K to 362.15 K by a laser dynamic method under atmospheric pressure.Experimental results indicated that the solubility data of sulfamonomethoxine increased with temperature increasing in pure solvents and the solubility followed this order:acetone ＞methanol ＞ ethanol ＞ ethyl acetate ＞ 1-propanol ＞ 1-butanol,but solubility in ethyl acetate was not affected significantly by temperature.In acetone + water mixture solvent,the solubility of sulfa-monomethoxine hydrate increased with temperature and the acetone concentration.Thermodynamic equations were applied to correlate solubility data of sulfamonomethoxine and sulfamonomethoxine hydrate including the modified Apelblat equation,λh equation,Wilson equation,NRTL equation,Van't Hoff-Jouyban Acree equation and modified Apel-Jouyban-Acree equation.Furthermore,thermodynamic properties △Gd,△Hd and △Sd of sulfamonomethoxine and sulfamonomethoxine hydrate in dissolution process were obtained and discussed with the modified Van't Hoff equation and Gibbs equation.     

Measurement and correlation of solubility of trimethylolethane in different pure solvents and binary mixtures

The solubilities of trimethylolethane in butanol,methyl acetate,ethyl acetate as well as in mixed solvents of (methanol + ethyl acetate) and (ethanol + ethyl acetate) were measured with the gravimetTic method in the temperature range from 283.15 K to 318.15 K under atmosphere pressure.The experiment results showed that the solubility of trimethylolethane increased with the temperature,or along with the concentration of methanol or ethanol in the solvents of (methanol + ethyl acetate) and (ethanol + ethyl acetate).In addition,the experiment values were correlated by the van't Hoffequation,Modified Apelblat Equation,λh Equation,CNIBS/R-K equation and Jouyban-Acree Model.The Modified Apelblat Equation provided the best fitting results of the solubility data of TME in the pure solvents while the CNIBS/R-K model showed the best estimation of the solubility in the binary solvent mixtures.Furthermore,the density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that solubility in different solvents related to the strength of the interaction between the trimethylolethane and the solvent molecules.Finally,the standard molar enthalpy and molar entropy of trimethylolethane during the dissolving process was also calculated by Modified Apelblat equation in this work.     

缬沙坦在乙酸乙酯中的溶解度及介稳区

采用静态平衡法测定缬沙坦在乙酸乙酯中278.15~323.15K的溶解度数据,利用Modified Apelblat、NRTL和λh方程分别对溶解度数据进行了关联,并通过van't Hoff分析计算了缬沙坦在溶解过程中的热力学参数（焓变、熵变和吉布斯自由能）。结果表明,缬沙坦在乙酸乙酯中的溶解度随着温度升高而显著增大,3个模型均具有较好的关联性,平均相对偏差分别为1.03%、3.87%、1.72%,Modified Apelblat方程对溶解度数据关联的效果最好;缬沙坦在乙酸乙酯中的溶解过程为自发吸热熵驱动过程,焓变在溶解过程中对吉布斯自由能贡献较大。利用激光法测定了缬沙坦在乙酸乙酯中的超溶解度,研究了不同搅拌速率、降温速率对结晶介稳区的影响。结果表明,随饱和温度的升高,介稳区显著变宽;搅拌速率越小、降温速率越快,介稳区越宽,降温速率的影响相对较小。     

Thermodynamic Models and Central Composite Design for Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Solubility

The solubility of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) was measured in HCl solutions in the presence of Cr³⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions at various temperatures. The results indicate that the solubility of gypsum is fairly dependent on the concentrations of HCl and impurities, i.e., Cr³⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions. The experimental data were analyzed by applying the Buchowski-Kiazczak (λh) model and the modified Apelblat model. Some thermodynamic parameters, such as the standard molar dissolution enthalpy, the standard molar Gibbs energy, and the entropy of solutions, were calculated by Van't Hoff analysis and Gibbs equation. The influences of the concentrations of both HCl and impurities, i.e., Cr³⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions, and temperature on the gypsum solubility were examined by applying the central composite design.     

Determination and correlation solubility of 4-nitroimidazole in twelve pure solvents from 278.15 K to 323.15 K

In this paper, the solubility of 4-nitroimidazole in twelve pure solvents (toluene, benzene, 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, acetone, GBL, ethanol, methanol, n-butanol, DMF and NMP) were determined by using the laser monitoring system from 278.15 K to 323.15 K under 101.1 kPa, which are 0.00018-0.00070, 0.00021-0.00073, 0.00034-0.00092, 0.00038-0.00142, 0.00047-0.00120, 0.00126-0.00303, 0.00225-0.00517, 0.00310-0.00724, 0.00467-0.00982, 0.00453-0.01940, 0.01947-0.04652, and 0.04670-0.07452, respectively. At constant temperature, the mole fraction solubility of 4-nitroimidazole were increased as the following order: toluene < benzene < 1,4-dioxane < (ethyl acetate or acetonitrile) < acetone < GBL < ethanol < (methanol or nbutanol) < DMF < NMP, and the solubility of 4-nitroimidazole in (ethyl acetate, acetonitrile) and (methanol, n-butanol) had an intersection point at 297.55 K and 281.85 K, respectively. The solubility of 4-nitroimidazole could be increased with increasing temperature in twelve pure solvents. The ideal model, modified Apelblat equation, polynomial empirical equation, and λh equation were used to correlate the experimental values. The experimental solubility values were employed to calculate the standard dissolution enthalpy, standard dissolution entropy and Gibbs energy. The dissolution of 4-nitroimidazole could be an endothermic process in twelve pure solvents. The determination and fitting solubility of 4-nitroimidazole have important guiding significance for the purification and crystallization of its preparation process.     

Solubility and metastable zone width measurement of 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid in (H2SO4 + H2O) system

The equilibrium solubility of 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid and super solubility as well as metastable zone width were measured in (H₂SO₄ + H₂O) system by the laser dynamic method at elevate temperature range from 298.15 K to 338.15 K. 2,4-Diaminobenzenesulfonic acid solubility dependence on the temperature and solvent composition were correlated by the modified Apelblat equation, (CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister model and Jouyban-Acree model. The correlated results by three correlation models were in good accord with the experimental values according to relative average deviations (RD), root-mean-square deviations (RMSD), and correlation coefficients (R²). The metastable zone width increased with temperature and sulfuric acid content. The dissolution enthalpy, dissolution entropy and the Gibbs energy were calculated from the experimental values, which indicated that dissolution process of the 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid was endothermic. The solubility and calculation models of 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid in (sulfuric acid + water) system could provide the basic data to the crystallization and purifying of the 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid.