间断等温边界下多孔介质方腔内非热平衡自然对流传热数值模拟

采用局部非热平衡模型,在方腔两侧壁面布置间断式等温边界,采用SIMPLER算法数值研究了固体骨架发热多孔介质方腔内的稳态非达西自然对流,探讨了6种等温边界布置方案、孔隙率ε及Da数对方腔内自然对流与传热的影响规律。计算结果表明:在左右对称的等温边界条件下,多孔介质方腔内的流场、温度场分布出现了左右对称分布特性。孔隙率ε及Da数的增加有利于提高多孔介质方腔的整体传热量,当Da数小于10-5时,传热量Q值随Da数变化不大,且不同等温边界布置方案的Q值差别不大。随着Da数的增大,多孔介质方腔内的热对流逐渐得到发展,此时不同传热方案的Q值出现了显著的差异,并随着Da数的增大而增加。     

侧壁不连续边界下多孔介质自然对流数值模拟

采用局部非热平衡模型,在方腔左侧壁面布置不连续等温边界条件,数值模拟了固体骨架发热多孔介质方腔内的稳态非达西自然对流传热,探讨了不同等温边界布置方案及方腔的高宽比M/L对方腔内自然对流传热的影响规律。计算结果表明:由于单向重力影响,多孔介质方腔内流函数结构呈现上下不对称特性,而固体相温度场分布呈现出上下对称分布规律;流体相局部Nu数的大小及分布规律与等温边界的位置相关,局部Nu数随着Y=0.5值的增大而增加,固体相局部Nu数则以Y=0.5处为中心呈现上下对称分布规律。存在一个最佳ξ值及高宽比值,使得多孔介质方腔内的整体向外传热量达到最大值,等温边界布置于方腔上侧更有利于强化方腔整体的自然对流传热。     

表面辐射对部分填充吸湿性多孔介质的封闭腔体内热湿耦合传递的影响

根据多孔介质热质传递原理, 基于有限元的方法数值分析了具有表面热辐射的部分填充吸湿性多孔介质的封闭腔体内部自然对流流动及热湿耦合传递过程, 探讨了表面发射率、Rayleigh数和Darcy数等参数对封闭腔体内部自然对流流动及热湿耦合传递过程的影响, 研究结果表明, 壁面热辐射的作用可以提高多孔介质内部的温度, 而且随着表面发射率的增大, 多孔介质内部的水分逐步向其右上角迁移和聚集。另外, Darcy数、多孔介质与空气的热导率比对方腔内部多孔介质的热量传递和水分迁移影响较小。     

格子Boltzmann方法模拟高Darcy数多孔介质内融化传热过程

采用Brinkmann-Forchheimer-Darcy方程描述多孔介质内流动过程,并通过选择合适的平衡态分布函数及非线性源项形式构建出表征融化相变温度场的分布函数演化方程。应用格子Boltzmann模型模拟了方腔内无多孔介质以及填充多孔介质自然对流融化传热过程,模拟结果与其他文献结果吻合较好,模型的正确性得到了一定的验证。模拟结果还表明液相的自然对流对融化传热过程有着重要的影响,并且在高Rayleigh 数或高Darcy 数情况下作用更强。在高Darcy 数情况下由于非Darcy效应的存在,增大Rayleigh 数以强化融化传热的效应要大于提高同样倍数Darcy 数的效应。     

有体积热源的矩形空腔内层流自然对流的数值模拟

对具有内热源方腔的稳态层流耦合自然对流换热进行了三维的数值模拟,采用的模拟代码基于连续介质计算力学的开源库OpenFoam,解决了自然对流换热与固体传热的耦合问题.Ra数的变化从105到109.对外壁面为常温、方腔内充满含体积热源流体的自然对流计算结果表明,温度场、速度场与非耦合的工况有很大差异.     

双周期温度边界下多孔介质方腔内自然对流传热数值模拟

采用局部非热平衡模型及方腔左右两侧壁面温度正弦波变化边界条件,数值分析了具有内热源多孔介质方腔内的稳态非达西自然对流传热。探讨了不同温度波动参数N及波动相位差τ对方腔内自然对流传热的影响。结果表明:方腔两侧壁面出现了周期性分布的温度场,随着N值的增加,方腔内流场及温度场分布逐渐趋向于壁面均一温度边界情况。壁面局部Nu沿着高度方向呈现周期性分布。相对于均一温度的边界条件而言,正弦波温度边界条件在一定程度上强化了多孔介质方腔内的整体传热过程,随着N值的增加,方腔处于温度波动边界时的散热值Q逐渐趋向于均一温度边界时的情况。     

内置发热体的封闭方腔自然对流换热数值模拟

对底部中心位置具有不同大小内热源的二维封闭方腔自然对流换热问题进行了数值模拟。通过改变内热源量纲1高度b和Rayleigh数的大小,分析了不同工况对封闭方腔内温度场、流场结构和热源表面平均Nusselt数的影响。数值模拟结果表明:b和Ra的大小对封闭方腔内空气的流动换热有着重要影响;热源表面Nuave是Ra和b的增函数,且其增幅随Ra的增加而增加,随b的增加而减小。     

竖直套管内带热源的多孔介质中的自然对流

为研究内热源存在时多孔介质中流动和传热的特性,采用数值方法对上下底绝热、内外壁存在温差时,竖直套管中带均匀容积热源的多孔介质内的自然对流进行了分析。考查了内、外Rayleigh数之比Rai／Ra、高宽比A及半径比k对流场、温度场以及局部和平均Nusselt数的影响。研究结果表明,Rai／Ra和A较大时,内、外壁面附近分别形成两个逆向环流,温度场出现θ>1的高温区和θ<1的低温区,高温区的范围随Rai／Ra和A的增大而扩大。内壁面局部Nusselt数沿管长先增大后下降,分界点位置随k的减小和A的增大下移;外壁面局部Nusselt数在管上部区域迅速增大。内壁面平均Nusselt数Nui与Rai／Ra的增加呈现负的线性关系。     

耦合表面张力的封闭腔体内管外自然对流传热特性

采用格子-玻尔兹曼方法（LBM）构建了考虑表面张力影响下封闭腔体内加热圆柱外自然对流数学模型。在分别对自然对流与表面张力模型模拟验证的基础上,探究了液固表面张力与重力场下浮升力同时作用下加热圆柱外流体自然对流的传热特性。结果表明,在给定Ra数下（10³≤Ra≤10⁶）,随着表面张力的增大（Oh数减小）,封闭腔体内管外自然对流扰动会加剧,流型会变复杂,壁面换热效率有明显提高。在Ra数为10⁵,长度比（加热圆柱半径和方腔长度之比）为1/10情况下,加入表面张力σ=0.076302N/mm（Oh=0.122）,腔体左侧壁面平均努塞尔数和加热圆柱壁面与未加表面张力相比分别提高了93.5%和60.35%。当表面张力大小和自然对流的浮升力相当时,此时的流场波动更加明显剧烈,在一定范围内增大浮升力反而减弱换热。     

天然气水合物沉积层渗流特性的模拟

天然气水合物开采过程中水合物饱和度的变化会引起储层渗透率的相应变化,对开采过程造成影响。为研究天然气水合物对多孔介质渗流特性的影响,本文基于孔隙网络模型模拟研究了水合物生成于壁面与中心两种方式下,多孔介质渗流特性变化,并与相关模型进行比较。结果表明,水合物生成于中心时绝对渗透率小于生成于壁面时;水合物饱和度相同时多孔介质孔径越大,渗透率越大;水合物生成于中心时两相相对渗透率等渗点小于生成于壁面时;当水合物饱和度变化时两相相对渗透率几乎不变。说明了储层渗透率与水合物饱和度之间有相对应的关系。     

Optimization of natural convection heat transfer of Newtonian nanofluids in a cylindrical enclosure

This study characterizes and optimizes natural convection heat transfer of two Newtonian Al2O3 and TiO2/water nanofluids in a cylindrical enclosure. Nusselt number (Nu) of nanofluids in relation to Rayleigh number (Ra) for different concentrations of nanofluids is investigated at different configurations and orientations of the enclosure. Results show that adding nanoparticles to water has a negligible or even adverse influence upon natural convec-tion heat transfer of water:only a slight increase in natural convection heat transfer of Al2O3/water is observed, while natural convection heat transfer for TiO2/water nanofluid is inferior to that for the base fluid. Results also reveal that at low Ra, the likelihood of enhancement in natural convection heat transfer is more than at high Ra:at low Ra, inclination angle, aspect ratio of the enclosure and nanoparticle concentration influence natural convec-tion heat transfer more pronouncedly than that in high Ra.     

Natural convection heat and moisture transfer with thermal radiation in a cavity partially filled with hygroscopic porous medium

This article deals with natural convection heat and moisture transfer with thermal radiation in a cavity partially filled with hygroscopic porous medium. The governing equations for the momentum and heat transfer in both free fluid and hygroscopic porous medium and moisture content transfer in hygroscopic porous medium were solved by the finite element method. The radiative heat transfer is calculated by making use of the radiosity of the surfaces that are assumed to be grey. Comparisons with experimental and numerical results in the literature have been carried out. Effects of thermal radiation and Rayleigh number on natural convection and heat transfer in both free fluid and porous medium and moisture content transfer in porous medium were analyzed. It was found that surface thermal radiation can significantly change the temperature and moisture content fields in the regions of free flow and porous medium. The mean temperature at the interface decreases, the temperature and moisture content gradients are created on the upper two corners of the porous medium region, and the moisture content in the porous medium decreases in the porous medium as Ra increases.     

封闭腔内水自然对流换热数值模拟

为了揭示封闭腔内非Boussinesq流体在浮力驱动下所特有的流动换热现象和形成机理,采用CFD软件Fluent对封闭腔内水的自然对流进行数值模拟,得到矩形封闭腔高宽比、Rayleigh数、倾斜角度、壁面温度差对流动和传热的影响规律。研究结果表明：由于水的密度在3.98℃达到最大,两竖壁面温度跨越这一点时会引起流动图像反转;具有流动反转的双涡结构降低了对流换热平均Nusselt数;相同Rayleigh数下,高宽比为1对应对流换热平均Nusselt数最大值;倾斜角度对平均Nusselt数影响与Rayleigh数和温度边界条件有关。     

Natural-convection heat and mass transfer from a vertical cone in porous media filled with nanofluids using the practical ranges of nanofluids thermo-physical properties

The present study aims to analyze the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis forces on the natural convection heat transfer of nanofluids around a vertical cone placed in a saturated porous medium. The range of non-dimensional parameters and the definition of two important parameters of heat and mass transfer are discussed. The results show that the range of Lewis number as well as Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters and also the definition of the reduced Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, used in the previous analyses, should be reconsidered. In the present study, reasonable definitions of reduced Nusselt and Sherwood numbers have been proposed and discussed in details. In contrast with previous researches, the present results show that the heat transfer associated with migration of nanoparticles is negligible compared with heat conduction and convection mechanisms.     

MOMENTUM INTEGRAL METHOD FOR FORCED CONVECTION IN THERMAL NONEQUILIBRIUM POWER-LAW FLUID-SATURATED POROUS MEDIA

Forced convection heat transfer for power-law fluid flow in porous media was studied analytically. The analytical solutions were obtained based on the Brinkman-extended Darcy model for fluid flow and the two-equation model for forced convection heat transfer. As a closed-form exact velocity profile is unobtainable for the general power-law index, an approximate velocity profile based on the parabolic model is proposed by subscribing to the momentum boundary layer integral method. Heat transfer analysis is based on the two-equation model by considering local thermal nonequilibrium between fluid and solid phases and constant heat flux boundary conditions. The velocity and temperature distributions obtained based on the parabolic model were verified to be reasonably accurate and improvement is justified compared to the linear model. The expression for the overall Nusselt number was derived based on the proposed parabolic model. The effects of the governing parameters of engineering importance such as Darcy number, power-law index, nondimensional interfacial heat transfer coefficient, and effective thermal conductivity ratio on the convective heat transfer characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids in porous media are analyzed and discussed.     

有内热源的多孔层中自然对流的稳定性分析

采用局部非热平衡模型, 通过数值法和Garlerkin近似法, 分析存在均匀内热源和边界浓度梯度时, 有效热导率比、流体和固相间的传热系数、浓度梯度的大小以及内热源在流体与固相内的分布情况对水平多孔层中临界内热源Rayleigh数的影响, 来研究相关参数对自然对流的稳定性的影响, 并得到临界内热源Rayleigh数的表达式。结果表明, 浓度Rayleigh数的增加可以促进自然对流的形成;内热源为正时, 自然对流的形成区域主要位于上半区域;内热源为负时, 自然对流的形成区域位于下半区域, 内热源总是促进自然对流的发生;有效热导率比、流体和固相间的内部传热系数、内热源在流体与固相内的分布情况相互耦合, 影响自然对流的稳定性, 这种影响取决于各参数的范围。