增程式电动汽车整车控制策略研究与实现

本文介绍了一款带有模式开关的增程式电动汽车的整车控制策略,并重点针对增程模式制定了几种控制策略方案,同时以MATLAB作为仿真平台,搭建增程式电动汽车整车和控制系统模型,并以一款车型为样例对这几种控制策略分别进行了对比仿真分析.通过比较各控制策略下整车能量消耗、NVH性能等,确定了增程式电动汽车增程模式下的最优控制策略方案.     

增程式电动汽车自校正变结构模糊控制策略

针对增程式纯电动汽车的结构,为了提高燃油效率保证燃油经济性、限制充放电电流、延长电池使用寿命,提出了一种基于自校正变结构模糊的增程器控制策略。综合考虑电池电量SOC及其变化率、驱动电机功率需求,通过模糊控制调整增程器的输出功率进行能量分配。首先根据SOC值与驱动电机功率需求设计多输入单输出模糊控制器,输出量为增程器的功率;其次根据SOC值将电池状态分为充电模式与放电模式,对不同模式制定不同的模糊控制规则,进行模糊控制器的变结构设计;再次根据SOC值的变化率进行自校正设计,通过限制SOC变化率实现对电池充放电电流的限制,达到对电池的保护功能;最后通过Cruise仿真软件和台架测试对该控制策略进行仿真验证,结果表明燃油经济性以及电池寿命均得到有效提升。     

萤火虫算法的电动汽车综合成本运行优化研究

为实现节能减排,文章以增程式电动汽车为研究对象,提出了一种基于动态综合成本的增程器运行优化方法。首先以增程器发动机外特性为研究基础,根据实际工作状况分别建立了发动机燃油消耗率及CO排放率模型,再通过归一化后将多个目标加权求和的方法建立电动汽车综合成本运行优化模型。模型建立后,在全局优化及特定功率优化这两种常见模式下以萤火虫算法进行寻优,最后在不同的权重条件下得出最佳综合成本运行曲线。实验结果表明,文章提出的方法能够在不同的运行环境下通过动态调整权重值,实现基于燃油消耗率及CO排放的综合成本运行优化。     

基于电机辅助的纯电动汽车模式切换控制策略

为了提高纯电动汽车动力系统的工作效率,提出了一种基于电机辅助的纯电动汽车模式切换控制策略。首先,在传统纯电动汽车结构基础上配置一个小功率电机,得到一种双电机型纯电动汽车;其次,在双电机型纯电动汽车各驱动和各再生制动模式下,对其动力系统进行动力学分析和能量平衡分析,得出了系统在各模式下的工作效率模型;然后,以使动力系统工作效率最大为原则,制定了模式切换控制策略,确定了车辆的目标运行模式和两电机的目标转矩;最后,在Advisor仿真平台CYC_NEDC循环工况下,对该模式切换控制策略进行仿真,结果表明,与传统纯电动汽车相比,该控制策略使动力系统的工作效率提高了约6%。     

增程式电动汽车控制策略的优化研究

针对增程式电动汽车恒功率控制策略中发动机工作点难以选择的问题,运用一种基于多目标遗传算法的优化方法,以百公里油耗和排放指标为优化目标,利用AVL CRUISE和Matlab/Simulink软件联合建立增程式电动汽车整车动态性能仿真分析模型,针对NEDC工况和FTP75工况进行恒功率控制策略下发动机工作点优化,仿真结果显示,优化后的发动机工作点有效改善了百公里油耗和尾气排放量。该优化方法可以减少设计者调试和选择电动汽车增程器发动机工作点的时间,具有良好的实用价值。     

动力驱动系统匹配与控制策略研究

能源、有害气体和温室气体排放是影响今后汽车技术发展的三大问题.可外接充电式混合动力电动汽车是指可以使用电力网对动力电池进行充电的混合动力电动汽车,是向最终的清洁能源汽车过渡的最佳方案之一.为实现新一代燃料电池城市客车原理样车的动力性能指标,样车动力驱动系统采用串联式能量混合型结构,基于可外接充电技术,对动力驱动系统的主要部件性能参数进行了合理的匹配理论研究.基于ADVISOR软件建立动力驱动系统仿真模型并提出了不同工作模式和控制策略.分别从纯电动工况、中国典型城市客车车况下对纯电动里程、SOC、动力电池和燃料电池的输出功率进行了仿真研究、动力性能满足性能指标要求,仿真结果验证了匹配理论、控制策略和模型的准确性.     

基于遗传算法的增程式电动车模糊控制器设计

针对燃料电池增程式电动汽车动力系统双能量源间的分配问题,设计基于遗传算法的多输入单输出(MISO)模糊控制器。控制器将动力蓄电池SOC和负载总线实时需求功率作为输入变量,求解燃料电池增程器的最佳输出功率,从而获得蓄电池和燃料电池的输出功率分配关系,以此实现不同功率需求下车载多能量源间的合理分配。为克服传统模糊控制器的参数设置仅依靠专家经验设定的局限性,采用遗传算法对模糊控制器的隶属函数和控制规则参数进行优化设计。通过ADVISOR软件仿真和转鼓实验台实车验证,结果证明,与传统能量控制策略相比,优化设计后的模糊控制能量管理策略能够明显提高增程式电动汽车的燃料经济性,并表现出较好的工况适应能力。     

增程式电动公交车能量管理策略及能耗分析

针对增程式电动汽车电池包大电流工作、发动机频繁切换工作点的不足,以延长电池包使用寿命、降低整车能耗为目标,提出双CD-CS多工作点控制策略.基于Matlab/Simulink搭建整车正向仿真模型,在不同行驶工况下分别对双CD-CS多工作点控制策略、恒温器控制策略、混合多工作点控制策略进行仿真验证.仿真结果表明,所提出的控制策略与恒温器控制策略和混合多工作点控制策略相比能充分利用电池包电能、降低电池包2C～3C工作的比例,其等效电能消耗量分别降低了 4.95％和8.91％;在不同行驶工况下,均能有效地改善整车的能耗,为增程式电动汽车延长电池包寿命、降低整车能耗的研究提供参考.     

纯电动汽车性能仿真

纯电动汽车由于自身零排放、零污染的优势日益受到人们的关注。尤其在城市路况下运行,纯电动汽车可以大大减少尾气排放对环境的影响。本文主要对纯电动汽车动力总成进行了参数匹配和优化设计,并在ADVISOR软件中进行了仿真分析,验证了这一设计的合理性,对纯电动汽车的研发设计有一定的借鉴意义。     

增程式电动汽车技术参数设计

基于国内电动汽车的发展,通过理论分析的方法设计出微型增程式电动汽车的技术参数及二冲程直喷发动机的基本参数,并将其进行匹配。将二冲程直喷发动机应用到增程式电动汽车上将会进一步提升增程式电动汽车的动力性能与经济性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.