基于新型趋近律的双定子电机控制系统研究

为了提高双定子永磁无刷(DS-PMBL)电机调速系统的动态品质,在纯指数趋近律的基础上,结合终端吸引因子与系统状态变量的幂函数,进而提出一种新型的趋近律,有效抑制了滑模控制抖振,显著提高滑模趋近速度.以该新型趋近律为基础,设计了DS-PMBL电机的数学模型与滑模速度跟踪控制器,采用id=0的矢量控制方法确定DS-PMBL电机的动态性能,并与常规指数趋近律进行仿真比较.结果表明,提出的改进控制系统与传统的控制方法相比,提高了滑模趋近速度,减小了抖振,明显地提高了系统的动态特性与鲁棒性.     

不确定离散系统自适应趋近律滑模控制技术研究

针对受噪声干扰的含有未知参数的离散系统控制问题,首先利用强跟踪滤波器对未知参数进行估计,接着提出了一种自适应离散趋近律滑模控制方法．深入研究分析了该离散趋近律方法的抖振问题,设计了基于该新型趋近律的滑模控制器．仿真结果表明所设计的控制器能有效降低抖振,改善控制性能．     

永磁同步驱动电机的滑模控制研究北大核心CSCD

为了提高连续波泥浆脉冲器驱动电机调速系统转速响应的速度以及系统的鲁棒性,提出了一种改进变指数趋近律。此趋近律相比于传统指数趋近律没有增加新的参数,却达到了减小抖振和提高抗扰性能的目的,其可行性在理论上得到了证明。基于改进变指数趋近律设计了速度环滑模控制器,并进行了仿真分析与实验验证。结果表明,基于改进变指数趋近律的速度环滑模控制器可以有效提高电机的转速响应速度、抗扰性能,并减小了抖振。     

全景式航空相机的离散滑模控制

为了提高全景式航空相机镜筒速度控制系统的动态特性,使其具有响应速度快且超调小的特点,本文提出一种基于降维状态观测器的离散滑模控制方法,对镜筒角速度、角加速度进行观测,并对其速度系统进行控制.针对高氏趋近律带来的控制抖振和稳态抖振问题,本文采用幂次函数趋近律的方法,并对这种方法进行了无抖振理论分析以及稳定性证明.最后以某全景式航空相机作为实验平台,将基于幂次函数趋近律的离散滑模控制应用到镜筒速度控制系统中.实验结果表明,本文提出的控制方法能够有效地减小系统的抖振,使镜筒速度控制系统表现出良好的动态品质.     

基于云模型的船舶航迹跟踪滑模控制

为解决船舶路径跟踪控制中存在的非线性问题,引入滑模控制实现船舶的轨迹跟踪。采用云模型与指数趋近律结合的方法,设计基于云模型的轨迹跟踪智能滑模控制器,以减少滑模控制中的抖振。仿真结果表明,通过云模型的不确定性推理,智能滑模控制器能够动态调整滑模控制的趋近速度,抑制抖振的产生,船舶动态轨迹跟踪性能良好,能够精确控制航迹。     

基于混合滑模控制器和反正切观测器的SPMSM直接转矩控制

针对基于传统PI控制的表贴式永磁同步电机(SPMSM)直接转矩控制系统抖振和相位延迟等问题,在转速环节设计新型趋近律,采用模糊自适应方法,实现趋近律参数的动态调节,并通过Lyapunov方法证明稳定性.利用super-twisting滑模策略生成参考电压矢量,完成混合滑模控制器的设计,建立基于反正切函数的滑模观测器,并对转子位置进行合理补偿.仿真实验表明,与PI控制、基于指数趋近律的滑模控制器相比,所设计的控制器在电机空载起动和外加干扰情况下均能有效提高系统响应,显著降低抖振,与其他模型参考自适应观测器相比,所设计观测器能有效减小相位延迟,转子位置辨识结果更准确.     

基于模糊扰动观测器的PMSM积分滑模控制研究

为了克服传统永磁同步电机(Permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)的滑模控制增益大容易产生抖振的问题,提出基于模糊观测器的PMSM积分滑模控制策略。采用新型趋近律设计积分滑模控制器取代传统的滑模控制器,提高系统的动态响应性能。结合模糊控制与自适应控制的特点,设计模糊扰动观测器,能够迅速有效地观测系统内部参数变化和外部扰动,并对积分滑模速度控制器进行前馈补偿,削弱系统抖振的同时提高了系统的鲁棒性。通过李雅普诺夫理论证明了该控制系统的稳定性。仿真及实验结果验证了该方法具有较强的鲁棒性,可以实现良好的跟踪效果并且无抖动。     

基于频域辨识模型的新型幂次趋近律滑模控制

针对刚柔耦合系统传统理论建模过程复杂、模型不准确问题,采用频域子空间方法来辨识实验系统中的电机模型和压电片模型。同时针对传统趋近律的到达时间较长以及抖振问题,提出一种新型幂次趋近律的滑模控制。理论分析表明在不影响抖振情况下可缩短到达时间和扩大传统幂次趋近律参数α的范围。考虑柔性梁振动特性对系统性能的影响,采用子滑模面的方法来设计滑模控制器。最终,实验结果表明所设计控制器能够实现对中心刚体角度的快速跟踪,并且能够快速抑制柔性梁的振动。     

非匹配不确定系统的滑模控制及在电机控制中的应用

针对具有匹配与非匹配不确定的非线性系统,设计基于干扰观测器和多幂次趋近律的滑模控制策略.首先,通过干扰观测器估计系统的不确定,实现估计误差在有限时间内收敛;其次,基于积分型滑模面,并结合多幂次趋近律,设计了连续滑模控制律,避免了传统滑模的抖振问题.与基于单幂次和双幂次趋近律的滑模控制策略相比,所设计的基于多幂次趋近律的控制策略,提高了系统的收敛速度.最后,通过数值仿真和永磁同步电机控制仿真验证了所设计的控制策略的有效性.     

一种多幂次滑模趋近律设计与分析

针对传统滑模趋近律使系统存在抖振现象、收敛速度较慢及动态响应不平滑等问题, 提出一种多幂次滑模趋近律.该趋近律通过三个幂次项系数在系统趋近过程不同阶段进行针对性地调节, 使系统动态响应过程的收敛速度大幅度提高, 且无抖振现象.理论验证了其存在性、可达性及稳定性, 并详细推导了趋近速率及干扰稳定界.以航天器姿态机动控制系统为例, 对比仿真结果表明该趋近律下, 系统的动态过程有较大改善并消除了抖振, 且在存在模型不确定性及外加干扰作用下, 系统仍可较快地收敛到平衡点附近的邻域内.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.