基于UKF的闪烁噪声机动目标跟踪

闪烁噪声下的机动目标跟踪是一个非线性非高斯系统滤波问题,传统的卡尔曼理论很难保证其跟踪精度.文中提出了一种基于UKF的闪烁噪声机动目标跟踪算法,首先对目标系统的状态方程进行无味变换,然后再进行滤波估计,以减小跟踪误差.UKF不需要求导,它能比EKF更好地迫近目标运动模型的非线性特性,具有更高的估计精度,计算量却与EKF同阶.在仿真实验中采用"协同转弯模型"作为机动目标的运动模型,雷达的量测方程也是非线性的,分别应用UKF和EKF跟踪闪烁噪声下的机动目标,结果表明,UKF能够较好地解决闪烁噪声下跟踪机动目标的难题,其跟踪精度要远远高于EKF.     

自主姿态测量算法研究

航姿系统一般不实时计算速度和位置信息,无法补偿地球自转和表观运动引起的分量误差,同时陀螺漂移较大,载体长时间持续机动时,出现姿态精度不高,甚至发散的问题。提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的姿态融合算法,将等效陀螺漂移列入系统状态,利用卡尔曼滤波的新息对运动状态进行判别,在一定条件下,用加速度计的输出作为量测量进行卡尔曼滤波的量测更新过程。实验结果表明,所提出的姿态融合算法考虑了陀螺漂移,能提高载体长时间机动时的姿态精度。     

基于MPU-6050和UKF的姿态测量系统设计

运动体姿态角度测量是姿态控制的重要组成部分.以微小型无人机姿态测量为应用背景,设计了一种基于整合型6轴运动传感器模块MPU-6050的姿态测量系统,针对MPU-6050存在精度低、漂移大而使得系统测量精度下降,且微小型无人机在复杂工作环境时系统出现典型的非线性的问题,提出将无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(UKF)应用于系统的姿态估计,并使用三轴转台检验了系统对各个姿态角度的测量效果.实验验证了姿态测量系统的有效性,并与EKF姿态解算对比,验证了UKF算法的优越性.     

捷联航姿自主测姿算法研究

研究飞行器姿态稳定性控制优化问题,针对载体作长时间飞行时,由于低精度陀螺、加速度计和磁传感器使航姿系统易受到运动加速度的影响而导致姿态精度较低,甚至发散的问题,为提高稳定性能,提出在采样周期内根据陀螺输出进行姿态更新.在滤波周期内首先利用系统自身信息实时地判断载体所处运动状态,然后根据运动状态选用不同的量测信息进行卡尔曼滤波,修正陀螺漂移造成的姿态角误差.仿真结果表明,算法提高了机动情况下的姿态精度,且在非机动和机动情况下,姿态精度都能满足系统稳定性能的要求.     

互补滤波和卡尔曼滤波的融合姿态解算方法

针对捷联惯性测量单元(IMU)噪声大、精度低的缺点和常规的姿态解算算法精度不高等问题,提出了一种互补滤波和卡尔曼滤波相结合的融合算法.该算法基于姿态角微分方程建立系统的状态方程模型,利用互补滤波后的姿态角作为系统的观测量,再应用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法融合了陀螺仪、加速度计和电子罗盘的测量数据.为验证该算法有效性,用带有传感器的开发板依次进行静态和动态测试,实验结果表明:结合了互补滤波和卡尔曼滤波的融合算法,在静态时能够抑制姿态角漂移和滤出噪声,在动态时能够快速跟踪姿态的变化,提高了姿态角的解算精度.     

基于机动检测的捷联航姿算法研究

针对低精度陀螺仪、加速度计和磁传感器组成的捷联航姿系统存在的易受载体运动加速度影响而导致姿态精度下降甚至发散的问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于机动检测的捷联航姿算法。该算法根据陀螺仪数据进行姿态实时更新,利用加速度计和磁传感器输出对载体姿态误差进行校正以保持航姿输出的长期精度。算法根据加速度计输出在导航系中投影的水平分量进行机动检测,剔除机动期间的加速度数据,利用载体匀速运动状态下的加速度数据与磁传感器数据构造量测,利用卡尔曼滤波器对姿态误差进行估计并修正。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效完成载体机动检测,保证系统存在机动的情况下姿态精度满足应用要求。     

面向增强现实的多传感器组合位姿注册算法

持续稳定的准确注册是构建增强现实系统的关键,为提高跟踪注册的稳定性和精度,提出了一种基于互补滤波(CF)和无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的多传感器融合注册方案.该算法采用互补滤波器融合陀螺仪、加速度计和地磁感应计数据估计摄像头姿态;在处理视觉图像时,结合惯性姿态数据进行图像特征匹配;利用UKF融合视觉和惯性数据进行摄像头位置估计.实验表明:该算法在跟踪稳定性、精度、效率和抗干扰能力均优于传统的基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的融合算法.     

IMM-UPF算法在机动目标跟踪中的研究

为解决机动目标跟踪的非线性和噪声不确定等问题,提出了一种新的滤波算法：融合了交互式多模型（IMM）、粒子滤波（PF）和无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）的IMM-UPF算法。该算法采用多模型结构以跟踪目标的任意机动,粒子滤波能处理非线性、非高斯问题,而采用UKF产生粒子,由于考虑了当前观测值,使得粒子的分布更接近后验概率密度分布,克服粒子的退化现象,从而提高估计精度。系统的模型集根据实际的目标系统设计了三个非线性模型。通过实例仿真,结果证明了IMM-UPF算法的有效性,且其性能优于PF、UPF算法。     

基于WT-UKF 的PDR/GPS 组合定位算法

针对行人航迹推算(PDR) 与全球定位系统(GPS) 组合定位问题, 提出一种基于小波变换(WT) 的无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF) 改进算法, 对PDR 和GPS 定位结果进行数据融合. 建立PDR/GPS 组合定位系统数学模型, 采用小波变换对运动加速度信号噪声特性进行在线估计, 以更新UKF 的协方差矩阵. 所提出的WT-UKF 滤波算法弥补了传统UKF 算法因人为假定信号噪声为高斯白噪声而影响滤波效果和精度的缺陷. 实验结果表明, 使用WT-UKF 滤波算法对PDR/GPS 进行数据融合时稳定性更强, 精度更高.     

一种面向机动的低成本姿态测量系统

载体作机动运动时,基于加速度计和磁传感器的姿态测量系统易受载体运动加速度的影响而导致测量精度降低.通过将GPS加速度引入重力观测方程,有效补偿了载体运动加速度造成的姿态测量误差.利用基于重力场和地磁场矢量观测的迭代最小二乘姿态确定算法得到修正罗德里格姿态参数.姿态信息通过互补滤波器与陀螺仪测量值融合以提高动态响应.实验结果表明,该低成本姿态测量系统可明显提高机动环境下的姿态测量精度,姿态角测量误差小于3°.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。