无线传感执行器网络中多源容错拓扑控制算法研究

拓扑控制是延长无线传感器网络生命时间的关键技术.针对异构网络的复杂性,提出了基于功率控制的分布式多源容错拓扑控制算法MSFT.在由大量计算、能量受限的传感器节点和少量性能较优的执行器节点组成的异构无线传感执行器网络模型中,算法保证任意传感器节点与执行器节点之间至少存在k条不相交路径同时选择权值较优节点使路径总功耗尽可能少,这样当任意k-1个节点失效时并不影响网络的连通性.理论分析证明算法能以O(n)的时间和消息代价构造网络拓扑,仿真实验进一步证实算法的有效性.     

有向传感网络中通信节点分类方法研究与仿真

研究有向传感网络通信节点的分类优化问题.网络通信节点众多,在很多属性上有着较强的相似性.传统的通信节点分类方法多是运用属性上的相似性进行分类,没有考虑通信节点的传播方向,有向传感网络中的通信节点分类忽略了传递方向,造成分类过程较为粗糙,结果不准.为了避免上述传统算法的弊端,提出了一种基于密度自适应粒子群算法的有向传感网络通信节点分类方法.利用信息熵方法能够建立自适应粒子群,并且对粒子群中的粒子进行更新,保证粒子群的多样性,提高通信节点分类算法的局部寻优能力,从而完成有向传感网络的通信节点分类.实验结果表明,利用改进算法进行有向传感网络的通信节点分类,能够提高分类的准确性,从而满足实际有向传感网络的需求.     

基于动态认知PSO的无线传感网络高效路由

研究无线传感网络高效节能路由的问题. 无线传感网络中的节点需要使用电池等一次性能源来进行能量供应, 很多恶劣的环境下无法对节点进行能量补充. 传统的无线传感器网络路由协议主要集中在网络质量或者能源解决的某一方面, 保证了网络质量的网络如果网络工作时间较长就有一些节点因为能量耗尽而死亡, 相反如果仅保证能源节约的网络却无法保证网络的质量. 为此提出一种基于动态认知PSO的无线传感网络高效路由的方法, 分析无线网络的架构以后在传感器节点的路由寻找中引入动态认知的PSO算法, 对节点当前的能量状态与路由信息实时     

带执行器节点的无线传感器网络的分簇算法

带执行器节点的无线传感器网络(WSAN)是指在无线传感器网络中加入执行器,传感器用于检测物理环境信息,执行器收集和处理这些检测数据,并作出适当的执行任务。传感器和执行器的协作是WSAN研究的一个重要内容,就此提出了一个动态分簇算法,根据事件发生的实际情况,仅仅对该事件区域分簇,每个簇包括一个执行器节点以及传送数据到该执行器节点的传感器节点。通过这种分簇,可以决定传感器与哪个执行器通信以及路由方式。     

无线传感网络加密通信优化算法的研究与仿真

研究无线传感网络加密通信优化问题。当前无线传感网络的节点分布为随机性强,通过传感器加密和认证。节点间依靠相互通信,完成自身密钥更新。传统算法是通过逐个节点密钥更新完成加密和认证工作,如果节点间的距离较大,会导致节点密钥的更新速度很慢,如果节点密钥长期不更新,会降低网络安全性,增加节点被破译的可能。为了避免上述问题,提出了一种小区域共享密钥的无线传感网络安全通信策略。利用节点的部署和位置信息对节点进行小区域划分,利用小区域内的节点的关系建立共享密钥,单个密钥被破译也不会降低网络的安全性。仿真表明,方法提高了网络的安全性,为无线传感器网络的安全提供了有效的保证。     

特殊区域的无线传感网络布点优化算法

通过讨论无线传感网络中节点传感距离与通信距离间的特殊关系,针对封闭、半封闭空间等特殊形状的区域进行布点方案研究,提出一种以尽可能少的节点且满足覆盖性和联通性的优化布点算法.分析、计算节点在不同传感距离与通信范围下,相邻传感器覆盖的最大有效范围,并考虑区域边界和障碍的复杂性,结合EMST算法保证全局通信.基于MATAB的仿真结果表明:该算法能在最少节点要求下保证整个区域的覆盖和网络的通信.     

无线传感器网络密钥分配方案改进与仿真研究

研究无线传感器网络安全中的密钥分配问题.由于传感器网络规模大、节点能源非常受限等特点,传统网络中使用的密钥分配策略并不适用于无线传感器网络.为了提高网络的安全性能,在预共享密钥和随机密钥分发方案的基础上,提出一种改进的随机密分配方案.首先通过传感节点的能量大小建立源传感节点到目的传感节点的多条传感节点不相交路径,然后根据传感节点的最小最大能量原理选择一条合适的传感节点不相交路径作为源传感节点和目的传感节点协商路径密钥的通道.仿真结果表明,改进后的方案保留了原方案的网络高安全性等优点,而且进一步节省了节点通信能量,延长了网络的生存周期,更加适用于能量非常受限的无线传感器网络.     

无线传感反应网络综述

从传感器网络衍生出来的传感反应网络是一种全新的信息获取和处理技术.本文先简要介绍了传感反应网络体系结构和特点,再结合已有研究,在设计和开发传感反应网络协议方面,讨论传感节点-反应节点和反应节点-反应节点协调中存在的问题,并探讨反应节点给通信协议带来的问题与挑战.     

基于逻辑密钥树的无线传感网络密钥管理方案

针对层次型无线传感网络（HSN）中的安全通信问题，提出了一种基于逻辑密钥树（LKH++）的组密钥管理方案——W-LKH++。针对无线传感器节点的低配置特点，首先，对LKH++树的组密钥初始化计算方法进行修改，降低传感器节点的计算消耗；其次，对LKH++的组密钥持有方式进行改进，减少传感节点的存储消耗；最后，提出适用于簇头节点的动态密钥更新方法，在降低通信消耗的基础上增强簇头节点的抗捕获能力，提高无线通信网络的安全性。性能分析和仿真实验结果表明，W-LKH++在保证低计算、存储和通信消耗的基础上，进一步提高了网络安全性。     

生物启发的无线传感执行网络协同方法

本文针对无线传感执行网络(wireless sensor and actor network,WSAN),在昆虫生物种群协作机理的启发下,提出了一种WSAN协同方法,以改善网络传输可靠性、节能与执行效率.首先,针对传感器节点与执行器节点之间的协作,提出以信息传递能耗和剩余能量衡量中继节点选择概率的效能协同机制,以及包含区域中继、影响因子和学习因子3个保障单元的组织协同机制.进而,针对执行器--执行器间的协作,引入学习因子作为组织协同机制中的一个保障单元.最后,给出了算法执行的流程,并通过仿真验证了方法的优越性.仿真结果表明,采用本文提出的协同机制,不但优化了WSAN信息传递路径,而且在执行器节点间协作中选择优势节点参与信息处理和决策,降低了网络能耗,同时提高了网络执行效率.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.