四旋翼飞行仿真器的建模研究

本文针对四旋翼飞行仿真器系统的非线性.采用RBF-ARX模型对四旋翼飞行仿真器系统进行了离线动态特性建模的研究.着重讨论了RBF-ARX模型结构的选取,模型参数辨识,RBF参数优化等问题.RBF-ARX模型与ARX模型的一步预测输出比较的结果证实了RBF-ARX模型在非线性系统建模中的优越性.     

RBF-ARX模型在液位系统建模中的应用

针对单容液位系统紊流时的非线性特征,采用RBF-ARX模型对单容液位系统进行离线动态特性建模的研究;分别在液位高中低三个工作点建立了其局部线性ARX模型,它们的单位阶跃响应存在巨大差异,证实了整个系统具有较强的非线性;讨论了RBF-ARX模型结构的选取,模型参数辨识,RBF参数优化等问题;模型的预测输出和仿真结果,证实了RBF-ARX模型在非线性系统建模和辨识中的有效性.     

时变大时滞系统参数辨识的仿真研究

研究了时变大时滞系统的参数辨识问题.大时滞系统大多采用补偿控制方法,但是补偿控制方法需要系统的精确数学模型,因而获得大时滞系统的数学模型成为了补偿控制的关键,时变特性使问题复杂化,从而影响了大时滞系统的控制精度.为解决上述问题,提出了一种神经网络的参数辨识策略,利用一个神经元对系统的时滞参数进行辨识,从而可以将时滞从系统模型中分离出来,可利用一个RBF神经网络模型辨识系统的其它参数,使神经元的输出作为RBF神经网络的一个输入,从而实现了串-并联结构的双神经网络拓扑.拓扑结构可以比串级的神经网络提高训练速度,因而也就更适合于实时控制.针对工业锅炉回水温度控制系统的仿真结果验证了所提辨识算法的正确性.     

神经网络在控制系统故障诊断中的应用研究

飞行控制系统的故障诊断是保证飞行安全的重要手段.研究飞控系统的安全问题,针对飞控系统的非线性和复杂性,采用传统解析方法不能识别飞控系统故障的非线性特征,导致故障诊断准确率低的难题.为了提高故障诊断准确率,提出一种RBF神经网络观测器的故障检测与诊断方法.利用神经网络的非线性建模能力,把飞控系统中输入和输出信号作为神经网络输入与输出,通过神经网络的在线学习,得到需要的参数估计,根据网络预测值和实际输出之差与设定故障阈值的大小比较来判断故障.最后针对实际飞机的作动器三种典型故障建立仿真模型,给出了仿真实现结果,并加以分析.仿真结果表明,方法的故障诊断能力及泛化性均强于传统的解析方法,在故障诊断中很有实用价值.     

三自由度转台系统参数辨识及控制器的设计

为了提高三自由度转台的系统建模及其控制精度,首先根据三自由度转台的特点,用系统辨识的方法辨识系统的参数,建立其数学模型。然后在此基础上,设计了控制器,利用MATLAB对其进行了仿真,得到了很好的仿真效果。最后将控制器应用到实际系统,实验结果表明,设计的控制器能较好的控制转台。     

多自由度非线性系统动态参数化模型建模方法研究

针对多自由度非线性系统的动态模型辨识问题,基于NARX(Non-linear Autoregressive with Exogenous inputs)模型的建模方法,考虑系统的物理设计参数,建立非线性系统动态参数化模型.首先,根据系统输入、输出数据建立系统不同参数下的NARX模型,并通过EFOR(Extended Forward Orthogonal Regression)算法对不同参数下NARX模型进行修正,以统一辨识得到的系统模型结构.随后,建立NARX模型系数与物理设计参数间的函数关系,得到多自由度非线性系统的动态参数化模型.以单输入、单输出两自由度非线性系统为例,根据数值仿真结果,对系统的动态参数化模型建模过程进行说明.最后,以带非线性涂层阻尼的悬臂梁作为试验对象,建立其动态参数化模型以反映其动力学特性.试验结果表明,非线性系统动态参数化模型能准确预测多自由度非线性系统的输出响应,为非线性系统的分析与优化设计提供了理论基础.     

非线性系统第一类模糊辨识器的设计及仿真

该文针对非线性系统的辨识问题,给出了第一类模糊辨识器的设计方案,该方案通过引入最优逼近误差的自适应律参数项,实时地调整参数来实现对非线性系统的辨识.采用此方法可使辨识器模型的输出很快收敛到真实系统,且辨识误差渐进收敛到零.该文根据此算法编写了便于仿真实现的MATLAB程序,且给出了此程序的解算流程图.最后对Rossler混沌系统的实例进行仿真,绘制了系统真实曲线和辨识器模型输出的估计值曲线,仿真结果说明了该方法在非线性系统辨识中的使用性和可行性.     

未知参数非线性系统的自适应广义预测控制

研究非线性系统的稳定性和跟踪优化问题,针对未知参数非线性系统的参数辨识和输出跟踪问题,给出参数自适应广义预测控制方法,为使辨识模型能实时反映被控对象特性以及输出对设定值的跟踪有较高精度.提出将非线性系统转化为受控自回归滑动平均模型,根据输入输出数据辨识模型参数.采用广义预测控制滚动优化的策略得出最优控制律,将最优控制律作用于对象实现非线性系统的优化控制以及系统输出对设定值的跟踪控制.明显克服了自适应控制对模型精度要求高的缺陷且具有在线辨识,滚动优化的特点.最后,通过仿真实例验证了方法的有效性.     

基于模型跟随的神经网络PID飞行控制律设计

为了抑制飞行控制系统的外部扰动和建模误差,应用模型跟随自适应神经网络PID控制方法,进行飞行控制律设计。首先使用RBF神经网络进行飞行系统模型辨识,在线学习系统正向输入输出特性,辨识对象的Jacobian信息;然后应用BP神经网络实时在线调整PID参数,设计自适应神经网络PID控制器,控制飞行状态变量跟随模型输出;最后以F-8飞机纵向飞行控制系统为研究对象进行控制仿真。仿真结果表明,设计的控制器具有很强的自适应和抗干扰能力。     

RBF-ARX模型在三容水箱液位控制系统建模中的应用

针对三容水箱液位系统的非线性，采用RBF-ARX模型对三容液位系统进行了离线动态特性建模的研究。着重讨论了RBF-ARX模型结构的选取、模型参数辨识、RBF参数优化等问题。RBF-ARX模型与ARX模型的一步预测输出比较的结果证实了RBF-ARX模型在非线性系统建模中的优越性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.