基于Anti-windup PID的四旋翼飞行器姿态控制研究

针对四旋翼飞行器姿态控制问题,设计一种Anti-windup PID姿态控制器。结合四旋翼飞行器简化的数学模型,在飞行器在垂直速率、俯仰速率、翻滚速率、偏航速率4个独立通道上分别设计了PID控制器和Anti-windup PID控制器。在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下,对控制四旋翼飞行器姿态的两种算法进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,Anti-windup PID控制方法在性能上明显优于PID,对飞行器有良好的控制效果。用Anti-windup PID算法搭建的四旋翼飞行器的物理实验平台更好地验证了该算法的有效性。     

四旋翼无人飞行器实验平台设计及姿态控制研究

为了实现四旋翼无人飞行器姿态的稳定控制并验证控制算法的性能,设计了一种可用于四旋翼无人飞行器姿态控制算法研究及控制性能测试的物理实验平台;首先,利用牛顿-欧拉法建立了四旋翼无人飞行器的六自由度动力学模型;其次,对姿态传感器数据进行融合,利用互补滤波算法实现对四旋翼飞行器姿态进行快速准确解算;然后,在MATLAB环境下搭建了四旋翼飞行器仿真模型,并设计改进的PID控制器对飞行姿态进行了仿真;最后,搭建了一个四旋翼无人飞行器姿态控制的物理实验平台,进行了飞行器姿态控制算法的性能测试;实验结果表明了四旋翼无人飞行器实验平台设计的合理性和正确性,是一种快速有效的飞行器姿态控制算法性能测试实验平台。     

基于PID神经网络的四旋翼飞行器控制算法研究

针对四旋翼飞行器的姿态与位置控制问题,提出基于PID神经网络的控制方法。建立四旋翼飞行器的数学模型,引入四旋翼飞行器联合仿真平台,利用Matlab设计PID神经网络姿态控制器,训练后能达到良好的控制效果,最后设计PID神经网络位置控制器并进行训练。仿真结果表明,该控制方法在性能上明显优于传统PID,对飞行器有良好的控制效果。     

基于神经模糊PID控制的四旋翼飞行器算法

四旋翼飞行器在执行任务时经常会出现稳定姿态精度低,抵抗干扰能力差等问题,提出一种神经模糊PID控制算法来调整原有模糊PID控制的模糊规则和隶属度函数,将设计的神经模糊PID控制算法与建立的四旋翼飞行器动力学模型相结合.为了验证神经模糊PID控制器的有效性,将传统PID、模糊PID控制算法作为对比算法,同时给定人为干扰因素.经过Matlab/Simulink仿真实验表明:在神经模糊PID控制下的四旋翼飞行器,具有较好的响应速度,稳态精度及更好的抗干扰能力,控制效果均优于对比算法.     

四旋翼飞行器的建模及控制算法仿真

以四旋翼飞行器为研究对象。为实现对飞行器的稳定控制,首先建立了数学模型和动力学模型,又在此基础上设计了PID控制器和模糊PID控制器,通过模拟仿真判断两种控制算法是否能对四旋翼飞行器进行稳定控制。模型的搭建与仿真实验都基于Matlab/Simulink平台,仿真结果验证了模型建立的准确性,以及在所设定的参数下,fuzzy PID控制器对飞行器的控制较好,能够有效控制飞行器的稳定飞行。     

四旋翼飞行器姿态的非线性控制仿真研究

针对目前国内四旋翼飞行器在电力巡检中的广泛应用,对四旋翼飞行器的姿态控制提出更高的要求.由于四旋翼飞行器存在着非线性、多变量耦合的内部不匹配干扰和风力等的外部干扰,设计了非线性干扰观测器来逼近这些干扰形成反馈补偿,从而抵消各种干扰,主回路采用PID控制器。计算机搭建Matlab仿真模型验证控制器的控制效果,编写三维轨迹和姿态角的GUI监测界面,Simulink仿真结果表明：该非线性干扰观测器能有效抵消干扰。     

四旋翼飞行器的模型参考自适应控制研究

针对四旋翼飞行器的姿态控制中的受扰动问题,提出了使用模型参考自适应算法加强四旋翼飞行器的姿态稳定性;常规控制器对四旋翼飞行器受扰时的控制很不理想,模型参考自适应控制器在外部干扰或环境影响出现时,能够结合参考模型,提高控制系统的动态品质;结合动力学模型并加以适当简化,设计了常规反馈控制器和模型参考自适应控制器,并进行了数据仿真实验;结果表明,模型参考自适应控制器能够在很大的范围内有效屏蔽干扰,缩短稳定控制时间,验证该算法在四旋翼飞行器姿态控制中是可行有效的。     

四旋翼飞行器姿态的自适应反演滑模控制研究

微小型四旋翼飞行器是一种欠驱动、强耦合的非线性系统.针对四旋翼飞行器控制中的姿态控制优化进行研究,建立了四旋翼飞行器完整的姿态运动模型,为提高系统响应速度和抗干扰性,在反演控制基础上与自适应和滑模控制方法相结合,根据Lyapunov稳定性进行控制系统设计,并选取合适的控制参数使所设计的控制系统是渐进稳定的,最终设计了一种基于自适应反演滑模算法的姿态控制器.通过计算机仿真软件进行验证,结果表明所设计的控制器与其它算法相比具有更快的响应时间和很强的鲁棒性.     

四旋翼飞行器建模及其运动控制

针对四旋翼飞行器是一个欠驱动、强耦合、非线性系统,提出了运用反步法解决系统非线性问题,达到对飞行器快速、准确、稳定控制目的.研究了以反步法作为非线性设计工具对飞行器控制系统的设计问题,将飞行控制系统分为内外环2个子系统.建立四旋翼飞行器动力学及运动学方程,并对数学模型进行适当简化.利用反步法求解飞行器内环姿态控制律,实现对目标姿态角的稳定控制;利用比例—积分—微分(PID)作为飞行器外环位置控制律,实现对目标位置的稳定控制.搭建飞行器系统模型,进行Matlab/Simulink仿真实验,结果表明:在小角度飞行和悬停状态下,飞行器的位置与姿态精度得到了有效控制,验证了数学模型与控制律设计的准确性.     

基于极值搜索算法的四旋翼姿态PID控制

目前四旋翼无人机(UAV)大多采用比例—积分—微分(PID)控制器,但四旋翼控制器比较多且PID参数整定比较困难.针对这一问题采用极值搜索(ES)与PID相结合的方法对四旋翼的姿态进行控制.在分析四旋翼的数学模型及其姿态控制方法的基础上,设计了ES-PID控制器,并在MATLAB中进行了仿真验证.结果表明:极值搜索算法...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.