浅谈兴头水库工程混凝土试块质量评定

文章介绍了兴头水库工程混凝土试块质量评定过程,对不同组数的砌体工程用砂浆和混凝土抗压强度、普通混凝土工程用混凝土抗压强度、支护工程用喷射混凝土抗压强度以及道路工程用路面混凝土弯拉强度按不同方法进行统计分析和质量评定,可为其他类似工程的混凝土试块质量评定提供借鉴和参考。     

超声波法在水工混凝土抗压强度检测中的应用

针对峡江水利枢纽工程制作一批不同强度等级的混凝土试块,按照现行规范分别对混凝土试块进行了超声波法无损检测及压力机抗压强度试验,采用3种不同的函数模型将超声声速及抗压强度进行数据回归分析,建立适合峡江水利枢纽工程的混凝土测强曲线,从土建II标施工仓面随机选取7种不同强度等级的试块对三次多项式函数测强曲线进行验证.结果表明:三次多项式函数测强曲线的相关性和准确性较高,进一步验证了超声波法对快速、准确、有效地检测峡江水利枢纽工程中的混凝土实体质量具有重要的现实意义.     

回归分析理论在高坪水库安全加固工程质量控制中的应用

为控制工程建设目标,采用回归分析理论对混凝土试块抗压强度进行分析,确定其内在线性关系,以便对混凝土浇筑质量进行预控,同时根据试块数据标准差对混凝土配合比进行调整,可有效控制工程质量、节约工程成本、保证工程工期.     

硫酸盐腐蚀对混凝土强度的影响研究

为了研究不同浓度硫酸盐以及腐蚀时间对混凝土力学性能的影响,在不同浓度硫酸盐溶液中对混凝土进行腐蚀,对不同腐蚀时间的混凝土进行单轴抗压试验,研究了硫酸盐腐蚀过程中,混凝土抗压强度的变化,结果表明:在同一浓度硫酸盐溶液腐蚀过程中,随腐蚀时间增加,混凝土单轴抗压强度先增加后减少;在腐蚀前期,硫酸盐浓度越高,混凝土强度越高;在腐蚀后期,硫酸盐浓度越低,强度越高。     

水屯营水库中隔坝工程地基水文地质条件分析

文章对水库堤坝地下水类型及其富水性、地下水的补给与排泄、地下水水位、地下水的腐蚀性、土中易溶盐腐蚀性等水文地质条件进行了抽水试验;并对场地地震效应与抗震设防标准进行了评价。结果显示,地下水对混凝土结构为弱腐蚀,对钢筋混凝土结构中的钢筋为微腐蚀,土壤对钢结构为微腐蚀。场地虽属抗震不利地段,但重新构筑钢筋混凝土护岸后,不会构成稳定性问题。     

大型堆石混凝土试块特性对比试验研究

堆石混凝土技术是基于自密实混凝土技术发展起来的一种新型大体积混凝土施工技术,其块石料源通常具有一定的不确定性,故对其进行现场试验是该技术成功应用的重要保证。本文论述了浯溪口水利枢纽工程中分别采用基础开挖岩石和当地鹅卵石作为堆石体浇筑大型堆石混凝土试块,并对其进行强度、渗透和碳化等特性试验和温升监测过程。通过试块的浇筑质量及抗压强度、渗透系数、弹性模量、碳化深度和内部温升等多项指标对比分析了两种堆石混凝土试块特性,并论证了将开挖岩石作为堆石混凝土堆石料的可行性。     

水利水电工程普通混凝土抗压强度统计分析研究

文章对于水利水电工程普通混凝土抗压强度统计分析进行了研究,阐述了普通混凝土试块取样及质量评定统计分析要点;对于采用普通混凝土试块抗压强度评定计算表进行快速准确统计分析进行了填表使用介绍。     

排渠盐溶液对混凝土建筑物侵蚀破坏试验分析

混凝土结构在盐碱溶液侵蚀下出现裂缝,随之渗入的盐溶液使结构耐久性降低导致经济损失巨大。针对新疆阿克苏地区排渠盐碱溶液对混凝土桥墩、闸墩、涵洞等建筑物的侵蚀破坏现状,在养护室内制备标准混凝土试块,根据阿克苏周边若干排渠水样主要氯盐的含量组分,配置了不同的盐溶液,在室内对混凝土试块进行模拟侵蚀破坏试验,对其抗压强度、抗渗性进行周期监测。试验分析表明,阿克苏地区盐碱排渠对混凝土结构的侵蚀破坏比较严重,存在较大安全事故隐患。盐碱溶液液面以下混凝土结构氯离子含量最大,无较大侵蚀破坏现象;位于水位变动区的混凝土试块氯离子平均含量次之,但破坏最为严重。     

腐蚀性地下水对节水改造工程影响与处理的探讨

腐蚀性地下水对水利水电工程混凝土结构的耐久性和可靠性影响很大,为预防和处理腐蚀性地下水对工程结构的不利影响,必须深入了解混凝土结构和钢筋结构腐蚀机理,文章以和田河大型灌区和田县2017年骨干工程节水改造一期工程为例,对腐蚀性地下水影响工程结构的机理和预防处理措施加以探讨。     

不同强度等级混凝土配合比试验

文中选取三种不同强度等级配合比进行试验研究,根据工程部位的需求,进行配合比设计,试块的成型及强度测试,最终得出符合工程需要的合理配合比,主要研究分析混凝土试件的抗压强度、劈拉强度。结果表明:随着龄期的增长抗压强度和劈裂强度增强;强度等级要求高的混凝土,其抗压强度和劈裂强度测试值也高;28 d的测试强度均满足强度要求。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。