TiH2粉末烧结研究进展

目的 研究烧结温度、升温速率、压制压力分别对TiH2粉末压坯脱氢相演变过程以及显微组织的影响规律.方法 采用氢化钛(TiH2)粉末为原料,经过压制和真空烧结制备粉末冶金Ti材料,结合原位中子粉末衍射、差示扫描量热法等技术,表征TiH2粉末压坯在烧结过程中的显微形貌及相变过程.结果 在真空烧结条件下,TiH2粉末压坯的脱...     

TiH_2粉及TiH_2-6Al-4V合金粉的模压成形研究

本文介绍模压法成形制备TiH2粉及TiH2-6Al-4V合金粉压坯,探讨粉末的成形性及压坯密度随压力的变化.在不添加成形剂的情况下,采用模压法制备成形坯,试验发现粗TiH2(40μm)粉末容易成形,球磨30min TiH2粉末难成形,成形后容易出现裂纹,且球磨时间越长成形就越困难.粗TiH2粉末(40μm)、高能球磨30min TiH2粉末和TiH2-6Al-4V粉末的压坯密度都随压力的增大而增大.在相同的压制压力下,粗TiH2粉末(40μm)的压坯密度比高能球磨30minTiH2粉末的压坯密度高.     

基于TiH2原料的粉末冶金Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金的组织与性能研究

目的 研究烧结工艺对Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金组织演变及力学性能的影响.方法 以TiH2粉末为原料,采用粉末冶金工艺制备低成本高性能的Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金,分析合金在不同烧结条件下组织与性能的变化规律.结果 TiH2的脱氢温度区间集中在450～700℃;Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1...     

溶胶-球磨超细W-Cu复合粉末烧结性能研究

采用溶胶-球磨法制备W-10Cu、W-20Cu复合粉末,研究了球磨工艺对粉末粒度、形貌和烧结性能的影响。研究结果表明,球磨粉末呈现双峰粒度分布,球磨20h的W-10Cu、W-20Cu粉末的粒度分别为1.03和1.15μm。球磨过程中,粉末比表面积变换式ln[(Sm-S0)/(Sm-S)]与球磨时间t符合线性关系。W-10Cu、W-20Cu复合粉末球磨20h,可以在1380℃一步液相烧结达到近全致密,显微组织细小且均匀。     

Mo-8wt%Cu纳米复合粉末的烧结与加工

用机械合金化法制取Mo-8%Cu(质量分数)纳米复合粉末,采用液相烧结和致密化后处理工艺制备了Mo-8%Cu(质量分数)合金。通过扫描电镜对Mo-Cu液相烧结和变形加工后合金显微组织进行了分析,研究了各种工艺参数对Mo-Cu合金致密性、拉伸强度、延伸率和晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,高能球磨的Mo-8%Cu(质量分数)纳米复合粉末坯体,经液相烧结后,其烧结态为Mo、Cu复合网状组织,可获得相对密度高达98.6%的Mo-Cu合金,再经静液挤压变形加工处理后,可获得全致密的Mo-8%Cu(质量分数)合金,在室温静液挤压40%形变率的条件下,拉伸强度可达到576MPa,延伸率5.8%。     

机械合金化制备钼铜复合材料

通过扫描电镜、透射电镜及X射线衍射等对Mo-Cu复合粉末的粉末形貌、合金化程度及烧结后合金组织结构进行分析,研究了高能球磨对Mo-Cu假合金性能的影响.结果表明,采用高能球磨机械合金化和氢气气氛烧结的工艺,可以获得相对密度高达99%的Mo-Cu复合材料.     

氢化脱氢法制备Nb‒Si基超高温合金粉末的研究

目的 为了获得低成本、短流程制备的增材制造用Nb?Si基超高温合金粉末,采用氢化脱氢法制备了Nb?16Si?24Ti?2Hf?2Cr?0.3Sc(原子数分数)合金粉末。方法 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪及氧氮氢分析仪等对不同氢化脱氢工艺参数条件下所制备粉末的形貌、相组成、粒度、氢氧含量进行了表征。结果 正交实验结果表明,氢化时间、氢化压力和氢化温度3个参数中,氢化温度对吸氢、吸氧量的影响最大;在粉末破碎效果差异不大的前提下,氢化温度200 ℃、氢化压力3 MPa、氢化时间1.5 h时,粉末中氧含量最小,氢化组织为Nb固溶体相NbSS、NbHx相、Nb5Si3相及Nb2O5相。在600、700、800 ℃条件下分别对氢化粉末真空脱氢2 h后,粉末中均无残存的NbHx相,其中,700 ℃/2 h的脱氢条件下Nb?Si基合金粉末氧含量最低。结论 经过200 ℃/3 MPa/1.5 h氢化和700 ℃/2 h真空脱氢后制备的Nb?Si基合金粉末具有较低的氢氧含量,粉末形貌为等轴状,该粉末已用于激光熔覆增材技术,成功制备出Nb?Si基合金块体材料。     

基于制备钨钼复合靶材的SPS烧结连接EI北大核心CSCD

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备钨(W)和钛锆钼(TZM)连接件。通过高能球磨和调节温度烧结出高致密度纯W块体,相对密度可达97.0%以上。在制备的纯W块体表面铺置TZM合金粉末,烧结TZM的同时对W和TZM进行连接,实现了异种金属块体与粉末的一步烧结连接。研究烧结温度和降温速率对W/TZM合金接头的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:W与TZM结合良好,烧结温度在1400~1600℃范围内时,W/TZM接头的剪切强度随烧结温度的升高而增大;在相同烧结温度下,采用快速冷却方式获得的接头剪切强度高于缓慢冷却接头的;当烧结温度为1600℃并采取快速冷却降温时,W/TZM接头的剪切强度达到最大,为159.7 MPa。     

新型高性能粉末冶金高速钢及其近净成形制备技术

目的研究无熔炼制备高性能近净成形粉末冶金高速钢的新工艺(SAP工艺)。方法以铁粉、钴粉和碳化物粉末为原料,通过机械球磨和真空活化烧结制备SAP 6031粉末冶金高速钢,并采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、碳含量、相对致密度等检测方法,探讨球磨和活化烧结对试样致密化过程的影响。结果球磨后的原料粉末具有较高的烧结活性,结合后续活化烧结过程中的碳氧反应,使烧结坯在远低于液相线温度下实现烧结致密化(99.5%),材料力学性能优异,且杂质含量远低于标准值。结论 SAP工艺具有合金成分易调节、工艺流程短、生产能耗低、近净成形等优点,在特种粉末高速钢开发、异形件和非标件的灵活生产上具有显著优势。     

机械球磨Cu-15%Cr复合粉末的致密化工艺研究

探讨机械球磨Cu—15％Cr复合粉末经真空烧结后采用热静液挤压致密化的可能性．研究了机械球磨时间、烧结温度、保温时间和挤压温度等工艺参数对材料致密化的影响．结果表明，热静液挤压工艺可以有效的促进机械球磨复合粉末的致密，所获得的材料具有优异的组织性能．     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from