危机救援人员的抗逆力结构及测量

目的本研究旨在探索危机救援人员的抗逆力结构及测量问卷。方法采用关键事件访谈、团体焦点访谈和大规模问卷调查对抗逆力结构进行探索和验证。结果通过对问卷项目的信效度分析和验证性因素分析,发现危机救援人员的抗逆力是一个5因素结构,包括:理性应对、坚强人格、乐观感、自我效能感、柔性适应。结论基于应急情境下的危机救援人员的抗逆力问卷具有良好的信度和效度,这为今后开展应急管理的相关实证研究提供了理论依据和测量工具。     

汽车驾驶员安全驾驶态度问卷的初步编制

本研究参考国内摩托车驾驶员关于交通安全的态度问卷,并结合汽车驾驶员的实际情况编制了“汽车驾驶员安全驾驶态度问卷”。通过抽取持A、B、C三种执照的391名驾驶员组成样本,并基于该样本的测量数据对问卷进行修订。经初步的修订并检验,最终构建了包含“安全驾驶态度”、“饮酒驾驶态度”、“交通规则态度”、“超速驾驶态度”、“疲劳驾驶态度”和“生命态度”六个分问卷共25个题项的问卷结构。该问卷具有较理想的信度和效度。     

新生代男性海军军官使命感问卷的编制

目的编制适合我国新生代男性海军军官的使命感问卷并检验其信效度。方法结合访谈法、开放性调查法及文献收集的资料编制预测问卷。18名新生代男性海军军官接受了访谈,40名新生代男性海军军官参与了开放式调查,小规模预测和正式施测的被试分别为200、1 240名新生代男性海军军官。本研究选取119名新生代男性海军军官间隔20天进行重测,以工作满意度量表为效标变量进行效标效度检验。结果新生代男性海军军官的使命感由号召力、意义和价值、利他倾向、主动投入4个因素构成,共解释方差总变异的67.862%;与其它竞争模型相比,四因素模型的拟合指标最优(χ~2/df=2.272,RMSEA=0.047,GFI=0.943,NFI=0.944,RFI=0.927,IFI=0.968,TLI=0.958,CFI=0.968)。总问卷的α系数为0.907,4个因素的α系数为0.727～0.9170,总问卷的重测信度为0.935,4个因素的重测信度为0.814～0.943。工作满意度量表总分与新生代男性海军军官使命感总分及四个因素得分显著正相关(0.212～0.439)。结论本研究所编制的新生代男性海军军官使命感问卷具有较好的信效度,可以作为相关的研究和实践的测量工具。     

乘客舒适度自评量表研究

目的 编制乘客舒适度自评量表(SRPC),并检验其信度和效度;探究乘客舒适度与乘客个人特征和航班特征之间的关系.方法 结合文献分析编制初始问卷,选取120名民机客舱乘客进行调查,对初始问卷进行信度、效度和相关性分析,制定自评量表;采用多元线性回归法分析乘客总体舒适度与客舱设计特征量的关系.量表包括33个条目、九个因子,解释总变异71.4％;客舱物理环境分量表和客舱社会环境分量表的内部一致性Cranbach'sα 系数和分半信度均>0.60.结论 乘客舒适度自评量表的信度和效度达到了心理测量学的要求;量表结果表明乘客舒适度与年龄、身高和乘机时间大致呈负相关关系,大型宽体客机和商务舱有助于提高乘客的舒适度水平.     

制造业信息化评价指标体系和方法研究

在分析中国制造业信息化水平评价现状的基础上,提出了制造业信息化评价指标体系。运用信度分析和效度分析确定正式评价指标体系和调查问卷。给出了制造业信息化指数的计算方法。最后对信息化指数进行了分析研究。     

大学生自尊权变性:双重权变形式模型的构建

目的构建大学生自尊双重权变形式模型,并检验量表信度和效度。方法采用开放式问卷分析以形成理论建构并编制量表。使用量表对1030名大学生先后进行两次施测,并对结果进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析以建立和验证模型的结构。最后,对量表进行内部一致性、内容效度、关联效度和区分效度的检验。结果构建了大学生自尊双重权变形式模型。自尊权变性存在两种不同而并立的结构——"结果导向"权变形式和"过程导向"权变形式。"结果导向"包含他人认可、个人成就、人际接纳、外表吸引力四个一阶维度,"过程导向"包括自主评判、人际支持、个人提升、真实表达四个一阶维度。结论研究提出的自尊双重权变形式模型具有良好的信度和效度。     

城市居民安全感问卷的编制

目的编制城市居民安全感问卷,为了解城市居民的安全感提供量化工具。方法根据理论构想并结合访谈和开放式问卷,编制城市居民安全感问卷,对824名城市居民进行测试和信度效度检验。结果城市居民安全感由社会稳定、家庭安全、公共安全、社区安全、职业安全和身体安全6个因子构成,具有良好的内部一致性信度、内容效度和效标效度。结论城市居民安全感问卷具有良好的信效度,可以作为测查城市居民安全感的有效工具。     

群体复杂问题解决过程分析系统构建

本研究基于互动分析技术和功能理论,深度分析28个三人小组在计算机模拟情境任务中的问题解决互动过程,开发了群体互动过程多层编码分析系统(MGPC)。系统包括五个主类别(目标清晰化、问题分析、策略计划、问题解决和过程反思与控制)和十个次类别。检验结果表明该编码分析系统具有良好的信度和效度,是有效的互动过程分析工具。     

不同权力谈判者的社会动机对谈判的影响

采用工作面试的谈判任务,对166名大学生按同性别陌生人进行一对一的模拟谈判,考察不同权力谈判者(人事经理与应聘者)的社会动机对谈判双赢的影响.结果发现,人事经理单独具有亲社会动机时与谈判双方同时具有亲社会动机时其联合收益没有显著差异,但比双方社会动机控制组的联合收益更多.回归分析表明,谈判中权力大者的社会动机比权力小者的社会动机对谈判的整合结果影响更大,并且这种影响不依赖于谈判者抱负水平和积极情绪的作用.     

驾驶员非理性信念问卷的编制及应用

目的 拟编制驾驶员非理性信念问卷,探究其与攻击行为的关系。方法 以前人的成果为基础,结合对驾驶员非理性信念的访谈结果,得到初始问卷。后经专家小组评审形成预测问卷,施测166名驾驶员,调整后得到正式问卷。以296名驾驶员为被试,得到正式问卷信效度,并探索不合理信念与攻击行为的关系。结果 驾驶员非理性信念问卷由16个项目组成,包含报复、糟糕至极、绝对化和敌意四维度。结论 问卷内部一致性信度、分半信度、内容效度、结构效度、相容效度较好,可有效测量驾驶员非理性信念程度,且驾驶员非理性信念与其攻击驾驶行为显著相关。     

道路安全的家庭氛围量表的修订及信效度检验

目的检验修订版道路安全的家庭氛围量表在我国驾驶员测量中的信度和效度。方法使用修订版道路安全的家庭氛围量表和驾驶风格量表,对321名驾驶员进行测量。结果修订后的道路安全的家庭氛围量表由36个题目组成,分为反馈、无安全承诺、榜样、监控、限制、沟通6个维度,累计方差解释率为58.84%。量表总的内部一致性系数是0.92,量表各因素与总分的相关系数在0.52~0.86之间,且相关显著。量表各维度与驾驶风格量表各维度之间的相关显著,说明量表的相容效度较好。结论修订后的道路安全的家庭氛围量表信效度良好,可以用来测量我国驾驶员对道路安全的家庭氛围的认知。     

多维度驾驶风格量表的修订及初步应用

目的:检验修订版多维度驾驶风格量表在我国驾驶员测量中的信度、效度和适用性。方法:采用"滚雪球"方法在全国20个大中城市先后分两次选取总共655名驾驶员参加本次研究,样本分为两部分。结果:样本1的测量结果显示:修订后的驾驶风格量表由24个题目组成,分为5个因素,累计贡献率为54.27%。量表各因素与总分的相关系数在0.60~0.77之间,均P0.001。量表总的内部一致性系数为0.86,各个因素的内部一致性系数在0.70~0.82之间。样本2的测量结果验证了修订版驾驶风格量表的结构有效性和适用性。结论:修订版驾驶风格量表具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为今后进一步研究的测量工具。     

An information fusion reliability allocation method considering limited sample size circumstances

As an essential part in product reliability design procedure, reliability allocation can connect the reliability index between the overall product and its multiple subsystems. To obtain a reasonable reliability allocation scheme, especially for limited sample size circumstances commonly encountered in aeronautic and astronautic fields, an information fusion allocation method is constructed in the current study. Grey relational analysis (GRA) is incorporated to analyze objective data, while analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is introduced to implement subjective data analysis. Then a final allocation scheme is derived by fusion of the binary information sources. A real application regarding an aeronautic product reliability allocation is given. The sensitivity of allocation result to limited life information circumstances and comparative analysis with reference methods are implemented to demonstrate the reasonability and effectiveness.     

驾驶安全态度量表的修订及信效度检验

目的检验修订版驾驶安全态度量表在我国驾驶员中的信度、效度和适用性。方法采用修订版安全态度量表和驾驶行为量表对202名驾驶员进行了测量,得到最终量表。结果修订版驾驶安全态度量表由18个题目组成,分为道路畅通与规则遵守、超速驾驶、激情驾驶三个维度,可以解释驾驶安全态度63.24%的变异。量表各因素与总分的相关系数在0.606~0.759之间,P0.001。量表总的内部一致性系数是0.928,各维度内部一致性系数在0.876~0.884之间。三个维度均与驾驶行为量表中的亲社会驾驶行为维度呈显著负相关、与攻击性驾驶行为维度呈显著正相关。结论修订版驾驶安全态度量表信效度良好,可以用来测量我国驾驶员的驾驶安全态度。     

Correlation Analysis for Simultaneously Controlling Reliability and Validity

The purpose of the present study is to propose a procedure for correlation analysis of several (especially two) sets of variables, which includes canonical correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and multiple regression analysis as a special case. The proposed method derives components from each set of variables which maximize the weighted geometric mean of two types of indicators: one is the contribution rate of the components for their original variables, the other is the squared correlation between the components. In terms of the test theory, the former are indicators of reliability and the latter are indicators of concurrent validity. Through the numerical examples applying this method to the data of two Japanese language personality inventory, the method is shown to be particularly useful when determining the weights for test items.

     

Sensor fault identification based on time-lagged PCA in dynamic processes

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely employed as a multivariate statistical method for fault detection, isolation and diagnosis in chemical processes. Previously, PCA has been successfully used to identify faulty sensors under normal static operating conditions. In this paper, we extend the reconstruction-based sensor fault isolation method proposed by Dunia et al. to dynamic processes. We develop a new method for identifying and isolating sensor faults in an inherent dynamic system. First, we describe how to reconstruct noisy or faulty measurements in dynamic processes. The reconstructed measurements are obtained by simple iterative optimization based on the correlation structure of the time-lagged data set. Then, based on the sensor validity index (SVI) approach developed by Dunia et al., we propose an SVI for fault isolation in dynamic processes. The proposed method was applied to sensor fault isolation in two strongly dynamic systems: a simulated 4×4 dynamic process and a simulated wastewater treatment process (WWTP). In these experiments, the proposed sensor fault identification method correctly and rapidly identified the faulty sensor; in contrast, the traditional PCA-based sensor fault isolation approach showed unsatisfactory results when applied to the same systems.     

Optimal pricing policy for a deteriorating product by dynamic tracking control

We study the optimal selling price of a deteriorating product under a deterministic situation in a finite time horizon where the time horizon is either known or unknown. Inventory holding cost is expressed as a quadratic function of the current inventory level. Given a known time horizon, we develop a model by considering the deterioration dynamics of the product, and show its equivalence to a generalised optimal control problem of a linear quadratic form, i.e. an optimal dynamic tracking problem with constraints on the control variable. An optimal pricing policy is derived based on the maximum value principle. The control policy takes a state feedback form; it exhibits a closed-loop relationship between the optimal selling price (control variable) and the optimal inventory level (state variable). Given an unknown time horizon, an optimal pricing policy is derived through a similar approach when the initial inventory level meets certain conditions. Numerical situations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the derived price control policies. Some interesting managerial insights are discussed.     

A Psychometric Study of the Index of Learning Styles©

A study was conducted on the Felder‐Soloman Index of Learning Styles© (ILS) to assess reliability, factor structure, and construct validity as well to determine whether changing its dichotomous response scale to a five‐option response scale would improve reliability and validity. Data collected in this study had internal consistency reliability ranging from 0.55 to 0.77 across the four learning style scales of the ILS. Factor analysis revealed that multiple factors were present within three of the learning style scales, which correspond to known aspects of the scale definitions. The factor analysis and direct feedback from students on whether they felt their scores accurately represented their learning preferences provide evidence of construct validity for the ILS. Changing the response scale improved reliability, but it did not change the factor structure substantially nor did it affect the strength of the evidence for construct validity based on student feedback.     

Robust policies for a multi-stage production/inventory problem with switching costs and uncertain demand

In this paper, we seek robust policies for a multi-stage production/inventory problem to minimise total costs, including switching, production, inventory or shortage costs. While minimising switching costs often leads to non-convexity in the model, 0–1 variables are introduced to linearise the objective function. Considering the impossibility of obtaining the exact distribution of uncertain demand, we study the production/inventory problem under worst cases to resist uncertainty. In contrast to traditional inventory problems, unexpected yields in production are considered. Robust support vector regression is developed to approximate the yields of each unit. A mixed-integer linear programming is proposed, employing the duality theory to address the min–max model. A practical case study from cold rolling is considered. Experiments on the actual steel production data are reported to illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.