深冷处理和温度对Fe-Mn合金阻尼性能的影响

通过测定Fe-Mn合金的层错几率以及借助G-L位错脱钉模型,研究了深冷处理和温度对其阻尼性能的影响,进一步揭示了Fe-Mn合金的高阻尼机制.采用倒扭摆测试合金的阻尼性能、SEM观察显微组织、XRD测定物相体积分数和层错几率.结果表明,Fe-Mn合金的高阻尼机制与Shockley不全位错的脱钉运动相关;深冷处理增加了合金的层错几率,即增加了Shockley不全位错数量,阻尼性能得到提高;升高温度降低了Shockley不全位错的脱钉力,在一定应变振幅下,温度越高可以产生脱钉的Shockley不全位错数量就越多,合金的阻尼性能升高.     

Mg-2.5Nd-1Cd-0.6Zr-0.4Zn镁合金的力学性能和阻尼性能

研究了铸态和固溶态下Mg-2.5Nd-1Cd-0.6Zr-0.4Zn镁合金的力学性能及阻尼行为.结果表明,固溶处理提高了合金抗拉强度、伸长率.室温下,铸态和固溶态合金的应变无关阻尼性能相当.该合金其应变相关阻尼随应变振幅的增大而增大,且固溶态的阻尼明显高于铸态的.合金的阻尼行为可采用Granato-Lucke位错阻尼理论解释.     

Fe-Mn合金阻尼机制的研究

根据位错运动理论,分析了Fe-Mn合金中Shockley不全位错的运动方式以及产生阻尼的机制,并依据这种模型讨论了水冷和深冷2种热处理工艺对合金阻尼性能的影响.利用倒扭摆测试合金的阻尼性能,采用SEM观察合金的微观组织,通过XRD测定合金的相组成以及层错几率.结果表明,Fe-Mn合金阻尼性能随应变振幅的变化数据符合Shockley不全位错脱钉内耗模型;合金经深冷处理后层错几率增加,即Shockley不全位错数量增加,所以其阻尼性能得到提高.     

预变形对FeMnCr合金阻尼性能的影响

研究了不同的预变形量对FeMnCr合金阻尼性能的影响,并根据位错运动理论,分析了Shockley不全位错的运动对该合金阻尼性能的影响。研究采用倒扭摆测试合金阻尼性能,OLYMPUS显微镜分析合金的微观组织,XRD分析合金的相组成。结果表明,该合金的阻尼性能随应变振幅的变化规律符合Shockley不全位错脱钉运动模型;随着变形量的增加,Shockley不全位错密度增加,合金阻尼性能得到提高,在4%变形量时达到峰值;随着变形量的继续增大,虽然Shockley不全位错增加,但因全位错的分割作用,使其长度LN减小,造成阻尼性能下降。     

Fe-17mass% Mn阻尼合金的反常振幅内耗效应

通过真空感应熔炼、锻造及热处理等工艺,制备了Fe-17 mass%Mn减振合金,采用热膨胀法测量材料的相变点,并进行组织观察和分析。在不同温度和应变条件下,测试了材料的阻尼性能,并分析其振幅内耗效应。结果表明,实验合金在低温低应变振幅下表现出反常振幅效应,在高温高应变振幅下出现振幅内耗峰。由于溶质原子在不同温度下的动性不同,位错在不同振幅下的运动速度不同,以及溶质原子和位错线之间的"跟、拖、甩"作用等,可将G-L模型中的钉扎点看成可动的,来解释此情况。     

固溶处理对ZK系镁合金力学及阻尼性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、拉伸试验以及动态热机械分析仪等研究了固溶处理对ZK系（ZK21,ZK40,ZK60）镁合金组织、力学及阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:经固溶处理后,ZK系合金的晶粒尺寸略有长大,第二相溶解、晶格畸变增加。晶界处脆性相的溶解产生的固溶强化效应导致固溶态合金的抗拉强度和显微硬度明显高于铸态。固溶处理后合金的与应变振幅无关阻尼下降、与应变振幅相关阻尼上升,且临界应变振幅明显增大。同一应变振幅下固溶态合金阻尼性能低于铸态;第二临界应变振幅(ε_cr2)增大使固溶态ZK系合金可以在更大应变振幅范围下使用。ZK系镁合金上述阻尼性能的变化可以用Granato-Lücke理论和塑性阻尼理论来解释。      

SiC_p/Al室温阻尼性能与应变振幅的相关性

从细观力学观点出发 ,利用胞元法对颗粒增强金属基复合材料SiCp/Al的阻尼特性进行了数值模拟 ,研究了应变振幅对室温下SiCp/Al复合材料的阻尼性能的影响。结果表明 :在应变振幅ε0 较低的条件下 ,阻尼性能与应变振幅无关 ;当应变振幅ε0 达到一临界应变振幅εcrit后材料的阻尼性能随着应变振幅的增大而迅速增大。所得的模拟结果与G L位错阻尼模型吻合较好 ,表明SiCp/Al复合材料的室温阻尼性能主要是材料中两相在循环载荷作用下变形不一致而在相界面处产生局部微塑性变形造成的。     

水平连铸灰铁HT250型材的阻尼行为

选用直径为55mm的水平连铸灰铁HT250棒材,利用动态热机械分析仪测试型材的阻尼性能随振幅、频率和温度的变化关系,探讨灰铸铁型材的阻尼机制。研究表明,灰铸铁型材的阻尼性能随振幅和频率的提高而增加。在40℃附近出现斯诺克温度内耗峰。斯诺克峰的出现,使型材的阻尼性能随温度的变化在高低温时表现出完全不同的趋势。存在一临界应变振幅范围,大应变振幅下的阻尼性能远高于小应变振幅下的阻尼性能。灰铸铁型材的阻尼温度效应主要来源于点缺陷阻尼。位错阻尼在阻尼频率效应和阻尼振幅效应中起了主导作用,决定了型材的阻尼-频率行为和阻尼振幅行为。     

热处理对双辊铸轧ZK60镁合金组织及阻尼性能的影响

采用双辊铸轧法制备了ZK60镁合金条带,采用金相显微镜(OM)和动态机械分析仪(DMA)研究了热处理后ZK60镁合金条带的组织和阻尼性能。退火处理后,组织较为均匀。T6处理后组织转变为均匀的等轴晶。在温度-阻尼谱中出现了2个温度阻尼峰,P1峰为弛豫型阻尼峰,其激活能为132 kJ/mol,P2峰为非弛豫型再结晶阻尼峰。T6处理条件下,时效时间为6 h时,呈现典型的位错型应变-阻尼图谱;在其他时效时间下,呈现2种混合位错型的应变-阻尼图谱。T6态双辊铸轧ZK60镁合金的应变-阻尼性能遵循G-L理论。     

ZL401合金的阻尼行为研究

对铸态ZL401合金进行了低温人工时效处理，利用低频内耗测试技术研究了合金的阻尼性能及实模量与应变振幅、频率和温度的关系，并与铸态合金进行了对比。发现合金阻尼与应变振幅及应变频率相关，随温度的提高而增大，且在低温和高温时合金阻尼与频率的关系出现了相反的变化。ZL401合金振动过程中实模量的亏损随频率的降低和温度的升高而增大。认为ZL401合金的阻尼行为是界面阻尼和位错阻尼二者效应叠加的结果，室温阻尼主要归功于位错阻尼，而高温阻尼主要归功于界面阻尼。     

商业纯镁的低频阻尼性能

采用机械动态分析仪测试纯度为99.96%纯镁的阻尼性能随应变振幅和温度的变化。测试的纯镁包括具有不同晶体学取向的商业镁合金铸锭CPM1和CPM2以及重新熔炼的等轴晶纯镁CPM。商业纯镁柱状晶粒的织构显著影响纯镁的阻尼性能,而重新熔炼的纯镁获得等轴晶,从而避免铸造织构对其阻尼性能测试结果产生的影响。结果表明：在阻尼应变谱中,等轴晶纯镁的阻尼性能明显高于有柱状晶织构的纯镁。对于三种纯镁,阻尼温度谱在80和230°C分别存在两个阻尼峰P1和P2,这两个阻尼峰分别是由位错与点缺陷交互作用以及晶界运动引起的。     

Influence of impurities on damping properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy

The influence of impurities on damping capacities of ZK60 magnesium alloys in the as-cast, as-extruded and T4-treated states was investigated by dynamically mechanical analyzer at room temperature. Granato and Lucke dislocation pinning model was employed to explain damping properties of the alloys. It is found that reducing impurity content can decrease the amount of second-phase particles, increase grain size and improve damping capacity of the as-cast alloy slightly. The as-extruded alloy with lower impurity content is found to possess obviously higher damping capacity in the relatively high strain region than that with higher impurity concentration, which appears to originate mainly from different dislocation characteristics. The variation tendency of damping property with change of impurity content after solution-treatment is also similar to that in the as-extruded and as-cast states. Meanwhile, the purification of the alloy results in an evident improvement in tensile yield strength in the as-extruded state.     

DAMPING BEHAVIOR OF ULTRAFINE-GRAINED PURE ALUMINUM L2 AND THE DAMPING MECHANISM

Ultrafine-grained pure aluminum L2 with a mean grain size of 1.0μm was produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and annealing at 150℃ for 2h. Damping behavior of the alloy was measured using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer. The alloy had an excellent damping capacity Q-1 with the ambient value being 9.8×10-3 at 1.0Hz when the strain amplitude was 2.0×10-3. The damping behavior of the alloy showed a non-linear damping variation tendency, that is, with an increase in temperature and a decrease of frequency, the damping capacity of the alloy increased. The damping capacity increased with the strain amplitude when the strain amplitude was less than 4.6×10-5. When the strain amplitude was higher than 4.6×10-5, the damping capacity became a constant and independent of strain amplitude. The high damping capacity was attributed to dislocation unpinning and a drag of dislocation on pinning points.     

高阻尼镁合金Mg-0.6%Zr和Mg-Ni中内耗峰分析

在高阻尼镁合金研究中,发现了与合金室温下高阻尼性能有关的宽的弛豫内耗峰,该峰为位错内耗峰;该峰是基面位错在热激活作用下运动与点缺陷（空位与溶质原子）相互作用产生。同时在高阻尼合金Mg-Ni和Mg-0.6%Zr中发现了晶界内耗峰。有必要指出的是合金的显微组织会影响晶界弛豫：随着Ni的质量分数增加,晶粒细化同时晶界内耗峰向低温处迁移;同Mg-0.6%Zr合金相比,加入少量的Y后,Mg-0.6%Zr-Y合金晶界弛豫峰向高温处推进。     

粉末冶金法SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料的阻尼性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了两种不同成分的基体合金及S iC颗粒增强镁基复合材料。采用LMA-1型低频力学弛豫谱仪对基体合金及复合材料的阻尼性能随频率、振幅及温度的变化关系进行了研究。结果表明,Mg-1.01%Zn-0.86%Zr合金的阻尼性能优于Mg-2.51%Zn-0.63%Zr合金的;S iC颗粒的加入使S iCp/Mg-1.01%Zn-0.86%Zr基复合材料的阻尼性能有所提高;基体合金及复合材料的内耗值均随频率的增加先急剧降低,随后趋于平缓;低应变振幅下阻尼性能受应变振幅影响较小,但在较高应变振幅下阻尼随应变振幅的增加而急剧增大;在200℃~250℃及350℃~400℃的温度范围内均出现内耗峰。     

Numerical modeling of damping capacity of Zn-Al alloys with fully lamellar microstructures

The damping behaviors of Zn-Al alloys with fully lamellar microstructures were simulated with the cell method. The influences of the grain boundary condition, the strain amplitude, the number of the lamellae in the grain （N） and the content ratio of Zn and Al in Zn-Al alloys on the damping capacity were investigated. The results indicate that the grain boundary condition has great influence on the damping capacity of Zn-Al alloys, and also affects the relationship between the damping capacity and the number of lamellae （N）. The variation of damping capacity with the strain amplitude is increasing exponentially with the strain amplitude and the damping capacity increases with the increasing of content of Zn.     

Influence of ageing on the internal friction of magnesium

The internal friction of cp- (99.8 wt.%) and hp- (99.99 wt.%) magnesium was determined by measuring the logarithmic decrement of free vibrations of bending beams, which were clamped at one end. Independently of the purity and the thermomechanical pretreatment, for all samples the logarithmic decrement increases with increasing strain amplitude. The damping in hp-magnesium is generally higher than in cp-magnesium. This can be explained by the model of Granato and Lücke, assuming that the successive unpinning of dislocation segments between weak pinning points is the reason of the increment of damping with increasing strain amplitude. The weak pinning points are assumed to be solute atoms or vacancies. Based on this model, other effects, found also in time and stress dependent internal friction measurements, can be explained qualitatively. The damping decreases at room temperature with ageing time and annealing temperatures up to 150°C. For higher annealing temperatures the damping increases monotonously with the temperature of the heat treatment. The effect of ageing can also be reverted by dynamic strain in the range of about 10⁻⁴–10⁻³, which increases the internal friction of aged samples before they can age again.     

Effects of Semi-solid Isothermal Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Damping Capacities of Fly Ash Cenosphere/AZ91D Composites

The fly ash cenosphere/AZ91D composites were successfully prepared and isothermally heat-treated at different temperatures for different time.The effects of semi-solid isothermal heat treatment on the microstructures and damping capacities of fly ash cenosphere/AZ91D composites were investigated.With the increase in isothermal temperature or holding time,the small liquid droplets within grains increased in size but decreased in quantity.The average size and shape factor of Mg_2Si particles increased with the rise of isothermal temperature.The damping capacities of the composites were improved by isothermal heat treatment.At room temperature,the composites after heat treatment at 520 and 550°C had a higher damping capacity due to interface damping when the strain amplitude was lower than about 8.8 9 10~(-5),and the composite after heat treatment at 580°C had a better damping capacity because of the dislocation damping under the condition of high strain amplitude.The damping capacities of the composites increased with the rise of the test temperature,and the damping mechanisms varied depending on different test temperatures.The interface damping played an important role when the test temperature was below about 100°C,and the dislocation damping and grain boundary damping took effect with the rise of test temperature.     

Precipitation and responding damping behavior of heat-treated AZ31 magnesium alloy

Microstructure observation and dynamic mechanical analysis were carried out to investigate the precipitation and responding damping behaviors of AZ31 magnesium alloy. All the strain amplitude-dependent damping curves of the aged alloys are located between the curves of solutionized and as-cast alloys, although they have different critical strain amplitudes. The G-L theory is employed to explain the damping mechanism involving the interaction between the dislocation and the precipitated phase. In addition, a damping peak is observed at temperatures close to 330 ℃ for AZ31 magnesium alloy, which is related to the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase dissolution.