99Tcm-MIBI与99Tcm-GSH在荷瘤鼠体内分布的实验研究

对＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＭＩＢＩ和＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＧＳＨ在荷骨肉瘤裸鼠,荷乳癌ＥＡＣ和荷肉瘤Ｓ１８０小鼠体内的摄取分布进行实验研究,以探讨其在肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。结果表明,静脉注射＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＭＩＢＩ,小鼠肿瘤部位未见明显放射性浓聚,肝脏,心脏及膀胱有明显放射性浓聚,除血,脑及脾外,靶与非靶放射性比）Ｔ／ＮＴ）均〈１．０;１５及９０ｍｉｎ乳癌ＥＡＣ和肉瘤Ｓ１８０中的放射性摄取分别为１．４８、１．０     

~(99)Tc~m-NMIBI的电荷性质及其与~(99)Tc~m-MIBI的比较

采用区带电泳法和阳离子树脂交换法测定了新型潜在心肌灌注显像剂＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍＮ－ＭＩＢＩ的电荷性质,且在相同条件下测定了＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＭＩＢＩ的电荷性质,并将二者的电荷性质进行了比较。电泳实验结果表明,有７５．６３％＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＭＩＢＩ移向负极;在阳离子树脂交换实验中,＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＭＩＢＩ的ｌｇ Ｄ－ｐＨ直线斜率ｘ＝０．０４,而相应的＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＭＩＢＩ的直线斜率ｘ＝０．９９。两种实验     

^235U,^147Pm,^153Sm单独及混合照射时对骨肉瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用

本研究运用四氮唑（ＭＴＴ）显色反应,观察了＾２３５Ｕ,＾１４７Ｐｍ,＾１５３Ｓｍ单独及混合照射骨肉瘤细胞时,对瘤细胞增殖抑制作用的程度比较,结果表明,各核素单独照射（照射用放射性活度为：＾２３５Ｕ,１２８．４Ｂｑ;＾１４７Ｐｍ,７．４×１０＾５Ｂｑ;＾１５３Ｓｍ,７．４×１０＾５Ｂｑ）及混合照射（＾２３５Ｕ＋＾１４７Ｐｍ,＾２３５Ｕ＋＾１５３Ｓｍ,＾１４７Ｐｍ＋＾１５３Ｓｍ,其放射性活度均为各自单     

99Tcm-YDPC在荷瘤裸鼠体内的分布与放射免疫显像

Ｓｃｈｗａｒｔｚ直接还原法制备＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＹＤＰＣ,分别采用Ｌｉｎｄｍｏ法与Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ示测定标记抗体的体外免疫活性分数及亲和常数,经尾静脉注射１４．４ＭＢｑ＾９９５ｃ＾ｍ－ＹＤＰＣ于荷瘤裸鼠,２２ｈ后进行γ照相及体内放射性分布测定,并用荷结肠癌裸鼠进行对照。研究结果显示：＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ对ＹＤＰＣ的标记率为１％－６５Ａ％,＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＹＤＰＣ的免疫活性分数为５８．１％,对人前列腺癌细     

核素显像在骨肉瘤诊断和治疗中的应用

介绍放射性药物＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＭＤＰ,＾２０１Ｔｌ和＾１８Ｆ－ＦＤＧ在骨肉瘤诊断和治疗中的应用进展和研究方向,以利于进一步提高骨肉瘤的临床和基础研究水平。     

新型血栓显像剂99mTc-重组水蛭素的实验研究

采用直接法和间接法进行了＾９９ｍＴｃ标记重组水蛭素的研究,结果表明,间接法制备的＾９９ｍＴｃ－重组水蛭素具有更高的放化纯和稳定性,更适合于血栓模型的显像研究。＾９９ｍＴｃ－重组水蛭素在小鼠体现体内的分布表明,心、肝、脾、肺和脑的放射性分布均较低;放射性主要集中在肾脏;１５ｍｉｎ时肾脏放射性可达总注入剂量的６５％;且血液中放射性清除较快。兔血栓模型显像结果表明,＾９９ｍＴｃ－重组水蛭素可在血栓部位浓     

邻菲罗啉的99mTc和188Re标记化学的研究

以ＳｎＣｌ２作还原剂,酒石酸钠钾作中间络合剂,以纸层析法通过三种展开体系,研究了邻菲罗啉（Ｐｈｅｎ）的＾９９ｍＴｃ、１８８Ｒｅ和稳定铼标记化学,并用离子交换法对＾９９ｍＴｃ－Ｐｈｅｎ的表观电荷进行了测定。结果显示,＾９９ｍＴｃ－Ｐｈｅｎ标记率可达９５％以上;在ｐＨ１．０、沸水浴标记条件下,＾９９ｍＴｃ－Ｐｈｅｎ为两种或两种以上不同结构标记物的混合物;在ｐＨ５．０、室温标记条件下,＾９９ｍＴｃ－Ｐｈ     

^99mTc—MIBI评价缺血／再灌注心肌活力的实验研究

应用＾９９ｍＴＣ－ＭＩＢＩ对家兔缺血／再灌注心肌细胞及线粒体代谢和活力进行了评价，将家兔ＬＡＤ阻断２０ｍｉｎ，３ｈ再灌主，于灌注后２－５ｍｉｎ静脉注射＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ，结果缺血３ｈ组缺血心肌再灌注早期（１０ｍｉｎ）晚期（３ｈ）相对放射性活度，心肌ＡＴＰ含量均明显低于缺前２０ｍｉｎ组，非缺血心肌和缺血２０ｍｉｎ心肌＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ亚细胞分布与ＳＤＨ活性呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．８８，Ｐ〈０．     

心肌代谢显像剂^123I—HDA制备方法的改进

＾１２３Ｉ标记的十七烷酸（１７－＾１２３Ｉ－Ｈｅｐｔａｄｅｃａｎｏｉｃ Ａｃｉｄ，简称＾１２３Ｉ－ＨＤＡ）是一种较常用的脂肪酸（ＦＦＡ）类心肌代谢显像剂，核医学临床用于评价心肌能量工谢。介绍一种改进的＾１２３Ｉ－ＨＤＡ制备方法，使制备过程缩短至９０ｍｉｎ，总放射性回收率≈７０％，可得到放射化学纯度＞９９％的无载体、无前体＾１２３Ｉ－ＨＤＡ注射液，较目前常用的其它注射液制备方法更适合于临床常规应用。     

亲肿瘤显像剂^99Tc^m（V）—DMSA显像对^153Sm—EDTMP治疗骨转移癌的疗效评价

使用亲肿瘤显像剂＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ（Ｖ）－ＤＭＳＡ,对１６例经＾１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ治疗２～８个疗程后的骨转移癌患者进行随访显像研究。结果表明,中轴骨转移灶的消失率为４８．１％,四枝骨转移灶消失率为４１．９％,总有骨转移灶消失率为４５．８％,＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ（Ｖ）－ＤＭＳＡ具有亲肿瘤特性和亲骨性,对于＾１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ治疗骨转移癌疗效的随访,具有理论上的可信性和客观性;对于＾１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭ     

关于核动力站放射性流出物排放限值的讨论

核动力站向环境排放的放射性物质在核工业排放量中占相当大的部分。本文收集了国内外关于核动力站对公众的剂量当量限值、压水堆电站排放量限值及实际排放量等方面的数据,试图推荐符合我国实际的、合理可行的排放量限值,为制订我国核动力站辐射防护标准提供依据。     

Packaging Design and Qualification: The Experience of the CDTN/CNEN

Abstract

Since 1982 the CDTN, the Nuclear Technology Development Centre, has been designing, testing and qualifying packaging for radioactive materials. These packagings are used for the transport of radioisotopes and disposal of spent sealed sources, wastes generated in the nuclear fuel cycle and the wastes produced in the radiological accident that occurred in the city of Goiânia. For radioactive tracers and medical/industrial radioisotopes, the packagings used are cardboard and wood boxes, while the spent sealed sources are preferably conditioned in metal drums containing lead shielding and a gas absorber material. To condition and transport the wastes from the various nuclear cycle activities, metal drums and boxes are used in Brazil. For the higher active wastes from the nuclear power plant Angra I, a metallic drum in a concrete overpack is used. The wastes generated in the accident were first conditioned in the readily available packaging. Later on, more appropriate packaging was designed by the CDTN staff. CDTN has carried out a programme since 1983 to evaluate the durability of commercial drums used for waste conditioning.     

源于大亚湾核电站气态排出物中的放射性核素浓度计算

本文基于对大亚湾核电站气态排出物放射性核素的分析,并基于2005年11月上旬广东地区的风场,利用高斯模型对源于大亚湾核电站的放射性核素浓度进行了计算,给出了广东省区域内,特别是大亚湾、深圳、珠海和广州地区的放射性核素相对浓度分布的计算结果,为大亚湾核电站正常运行情况下对广东省区域内辐射环境影响及监测提供参考数据,为可能发生的核电站泄漏事件的监测提供参考数据.     

Feasibility of Fast Fission System Confining Long-Lived Nuclides

The feasibility of fast fission system confining long-lived nuclides without other supporting system as synergetics for fuel sustainment and waste incineration was studied from the aspects of nuclear material balance and neutron economy. The continuous utilization of fast fission system which confines all actinides in the reactor but discharges all FP will lead to huge accumulation of radioactive wastes such as ¹²⁹I, ¹³⁵Cs, ¹⁰⁷Pd, ⁹³Zr, ⁹⁹Tc, ¹²⁶Sn and ⁷⁹Se in the far future. Then we studied the feasibility of the system that these long-lived seven FP are also confined in the reactor with actinides. In this scheme, all the long-lived nuclides to be disposed of were exposed with neutrons in the reactor and removed as different nuclides after nuclear transmutation. As the wastes stored in the repository was composed of only shorter-lived nuclides, total amount of radioactive wastes in the repository was suppressed to be less than a few tons per 3 GWt reactor.     

我国放射性药品检验事业的形成与发展

我国放射性药品研制始于１９６１年,经过三十多年的努力,适合我国国情的放射性药品质量标准形成,质量标准水平在不断提高,药品质量有了可靠保证。在卫生部的领导下,一个由卫生部授权的放射性药品专业检验机构以及生产单位检验机构组成的放射性药品质量保证系统在我国已健全完善起来。放射性药检事业的发展有力地促进了放射性药品和核医学的发展。     

MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES IN CHINA

The policy and principles on management of radioactive wastes are stipulated.Cement solidification and bituminization unit has come into trial run.Solid radioactive waste is stored in tentative storage vault built in each of nuclear facilities.Seventeen storages associated with applications of nuclear technology and radioisotopes have been built for provinces.Disposal of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes pursues the policy of “regional disposal”.Four repositories have been planned to be built in northwest.southwest,south and east China respectively.A program for treatment and disposal of high level radioactive waste has been made.     

Abstract

Abstract

This article is aimed at summarising the activities related to the transport of radioactive materials carried out in Argentina and, especially, with regard to the transport of radioactive wastes. In particular, the legislation applicable within the national territory is described. Additionally, figures are provided on the features and amounts of transported radioactive materials, including radioactive wastes, concerning both the nuclear fuel cycle and activities related to their industrial and medical applications.     

放射性药物化学领域中的重要事件和研究前沿

评述了核化学和放射化学对人类健康改善的贡献。首先简要介绍了放射性的发现历史及在核化学和放射化学领域中其它与人类健康相关的重要发现。再介绍了钼-锝发生器和锝药物的研发历程、锝药物的基本原理及在核医学中的主要应用以及其它用于核医学中的重要放射性核素。其次介绍了PET药物的显像原理、18F-FDG的研发历程及在核医学中的广泛应用;还介绍了其它重要的18F标记的显像药物。然后概述了目前的放射性治疗药物,着重介绍了用于治疗骨转移瘤的223 RaCl2注射液。再概述了各种模式显像技术的特点,并着重介绍了PET/MRI双模态显像药物的研发进展。最后,对核化学和放射化学在改善人类健康中的作用进行了展望,并简要叙述了中国所取得的成就和存在的问题。     

我国东部地区部分省市核医学放射卫生防护现状调查

国内现有的针对核医学防护的调查研究大多局限于某家医疗机构,或是较小范围内的现状调查,所得出的结论较为局限。本研究以我国东部地区7个省/直辖市共28家医疗机构核医学科为研究对象,通过实地调研的方式,对各医院核医学科的场所设置、设备配置、核素来源、场所监测和放射防护管理现状等情况进行了分析,发现部分医院核医学科存在场所选址布局不合理、设备较老旧以及性能检测不完善等问题。日后的放射防护及监督工作应注意此类问题并提出相应解决方法。     

Sorption-Reagent Reprocessing of Liquid Radioactive Wastes from Salvaged Nuclear Powered Submarines

Experiments on sorption purification of liquid radioactive wastes produced during salvaging of two nuclear powered submarines, are described. The advantages of sorption–reagent technology are shown (the coefficient of volume decrease up to 260, decrease of initial concentration below the NRB-99 intervention levels).