多传感器轴承负荷法测量鳍轴升力技术的研究

新型升力控制减摇鳍系统是根据减摇鳍上所受升力来控制减摇鳍动作以达到减摇效果,克服了传统减摇鳍控制中海浪、航速等对鳍水动力特性的影响,可大大改善减摇效果。采用轴承负荷法,利用安装在轴承与轴承座之间的测力传感器直接测量轴承负荷,得到的是真正作用在船上的力矩,可信度较高。由于采用了多传感器测量技术,使得普通力传感器也可用于复杂情况下动态力的测量。     

用Matlab实现减摇鳍模糊控制器仿真

基于Conolly理论建立了船舶模型，以横摇角和横摇角速度为输入量，鳍角为输出量，应用模糊控制理论设计了减摇鳍模糊控制器；利用Matlab的fuzzy logic工具箱针对不同海情对控制器进行了仿真．结果表明，减摇鳍模糊控制器与传统PID控制器相比具有更好的控制效果．     

减摇鳍模糊免疫自适应PID控制器设计及仿真研究

针对船舶横摇的非线性模型，利用免疫反馈机理，设计了一种减摇鳍模糊免疫自适应PID控制器。控制器将模糊控制与PID控制相结合，采用Fuzzy推理，对非线性函数进行模糊逼近，用模糊免疫P调节器实时整定PID控制器的比例增益，采用常规模糊控制器在线调整免疫PID控制器的积分时间常数和微分时间常数。通过对船舶减摇鳍控制系统的仿真，可以看出采用模糊免疫自适应PID控制器其控制效果远优于常规PID控制器，使减摇鳍的减摇效果得到显著提高。     

减摇鳍-减摇水舱综合减摇实验装置的研究

采用了减摇鳍-减摇水舱综合减摇的数学模型，对综合减摇数学模型在实验装置上的实现方法进行了分析。通过用软件模拟船舶横摇阻尼力矩的方法可以实现台架模拟船舶的横摇运动，通过对船舶-水舱系统数学模型的分析，可用近似二项式替代的方法来简化船舶-水舱系统数学模型，并通过仿真选出了较理想的近似参数值，使综合减摇数学模型在实验装置上的实现成为可能。通过对综合减摇理论数学模型和综合减摇实验装置模型的仿真分析，可以看出两者有较好的相似性，说明用文中综合减摇实验装置来模拟综合减摇系统的实现方法是可行的。     

一种能考虑动升力影响的高速艇迎浪纵向运动的数学模型

根据高速艇在静水及波浪中运动的特点，提出了高速艇迎浪纵向运动的基本假设，建立了能考虑动升力影响的高速艇迎浪纵向运动基本方程，并提出了高速艇迎浪纵向运动预报的一种新方法（滑航法），编制了理论预报程序，进行了模型试验验证研究．结果表明，中高航速时，滑航法可用于高速艇迎浪纵向运动的预报。     

船舶的经济航速

近年来随着国际油价的不断攀升,燃油费成本在船舶营运中所占成本越来越高。为了降低船舶燃油所需费用,提高船舶航运盈利,研究船舶应该以什么样的速度航行就成为一个重要课题。本文通过分析船舶经济航速的相关概念和应用,对船舶如何保持经济航速提出了相关建议,希望通过该研究可以对船舶企业的科学运营给以有效指导。     

超空泡航行体尾部流体动力特性试验研究

在水洞中采用前支撑方式模型进行了通气超空泡试验,对不同的超空泡形态下超空泡航行体尾部阻力系数、升力系数及俯仰力矩系数的变化规律进行了研究,并对航行体有无攻角情况下的尾部流体特性进行了比较,获得了攻角对尾部流体动力特性的影响。研究表明,在空泡开始包裹到尾部天平时,随着空泡形态的增长,尾部阻力系数迅速下降,而升力系数和俯仰力矩系数则迅速上升。当空泡将航行体上表面包裹,而下表面沾湿时,阻力系数减小趋势变平缓,而升力系数和俯仰力矩系数则均到达峰值。当空泡完全包裹航行体时,升力系数和俯仰力矩系数迅速回落至零值附近,此时阻力系数在零值附近变化不大。攻角1度情况下的航行体尾部阻力系数减小幅度与无攻角时相比明显降低,最大升力系数和俯仰力矩系数均远大于无攻角情况。     

水弹性理论与分段模型试验在船体振动响应分析中的应用

由于船体振动引起的高应力对船体强度和疲劳寿命产生的影响已引起国内外造船界的广泛关注,因此为了研究船体振动响应问题,详细介绍了水弹性理论求解船体振动响应的过程,并结合自航分段模型试验对某超大型高速船舶在迎浪中的振动响应进行了模拟仿真,研究了振动响应沿船长的分布规律,并对振动响应随着海况与航速的变化规律进行了分析,最后基于三维时域非线性水弹性理论对该船船舯合成弯矩及鞭状效应进行了模拟预报,通过计算结果与试验结果的比较分析后发现,两者吻合程度较好。     

恒速航行原理的数学证明与分析

提出并证明了船舶经济航行的基本原理－－恒速航行原理，先将实际船舶行中最经济航行的航速选择这个一般性问题抽象成纯数学问题，在规定的时间内从A地航行到B地，如何选择航速以使推进系统总耗功最省，然后在数学上证明恒速航行原理，即恒速航是船舶经济行唯一的选择，最后，将该原理推广到交通手段车辆行驶和飞机飞行。     

微椭圆形截面斜拉索临界雷诺数区气动特性试验研究

为了研究微椭圆形截面斜拉索临界雷诺数区的气动特性,以标准圆形截面斜拉索模型和微椭圆形截面斜拉索模型为研究对象,开展了考虑截面变形和风攻角变化的风洞试验,得到了不同情况下雷诺数对模型气动力系数的影响规律,同时通过对升力时程和升力频谱分析,得到了临界雷诺数及附近区域的标准圆形截面和微椭圆形截面模型尾流旋涡脱落的变化。结果表明:微椭圆形截面模型在雷诺数亚临界区时,升力系数基本不受雷诺数的影响;在临界区时,升力系数随雷诺数逐渐增大;风攻角0°~50°时,微椭圆形截面模型升力系数最大值对应的雷诺数随风攻角同步增大;微椭圆形截面模型的升力时程在TrBL0向TrBL1阶段和TrBL1向TrBL2阶段过渡中会出现双稳态现象;微椭圆形截面变形会影响斜拉索尾流区旋涡脱落情况,进而影响不同雷诺数下的St数值变化。     

T型尾翼颤振特性分析方法

由于T型尾翼特殊的结构和气动布局形式,其颤振特性的分析比较复杂,飞行状态和一些常规分析可以忽略的参数如上反角都会对颤振速度有很大影响。针对这些特殊问题,分析了T型尾翼的颤振特性受平尾上反角、平尾上的定常气动力和固有振动形式等因素的影响。重点研究了T型尾翼颤振计算中特殊的附加非定常气动力,建立了T型尾翼非定常气动力和颤振分析方法。在低速风洞中开展了T型尾翼缩比模型的颤振试验,验证了分析方法。结果表明T型尾翼特殊的气动效应主要影响垂尾的弯扭耦合颤振形式,颤振速度随平尾攻角增加而降低,在设计中采用一定的平尾下反角设计能够提高T型尾翼的颤振速度。通过对试验结果的理论分析,阐述了这种效应产生的机理,并对实际设计提出建议。     

冰棱对三维覆冰导线气动力特性影响研究

为了研究冰棱对覆冰导线气动力及驰振稳定性的影响.应用FLUENT中的SSTk-w湍流模型对三维五冰棱覆冰导线绕流场进行数值模拟分析,将三维五冰棱覆冰导线模型沿展向方向分为5个节段,监控全攻角下节段3的阻力系数、升力系数,并分析不同风速、冰棱长度、相邻冰棱间距等对气动力参数产生的影响,根据Den Hartog理论计算得到...     

Strip theory for underwater vehicles in water of finite depth

This paper addresses the need to know the unsteady forces and moments on an underwater vehicle in finite-depth water, at small enough submergences for it to be influenced by sea waves. The forces are those due to the waves themselves, as well as the radiation forces due to unsteady vehicle motions. Knowledge of these forces and the mass distribution of the vehicle allow solution of the equations of motion at a single-frequency. Since the theory is linear, any incident wave field can be decomposed into the sum of many individual single-frequency sinusoidal waves. The motions due to each frequency component can then be added together to obtain the total predicted vehicle motions. The wave forces are due to the undisturbed sea wave plus those due to the diffracted wave necessary to satisfy boundary conditions on the vehicle. The long-used strip theory for ships, with the inviscid-flow approximation, is modified for finite depth and inclusion of lift forces on the vehicle fins. The two-dimensional solutions for the forces on each strip are found by a different method than is commonly used for strip theory. This form of the theory is easier to deal with and requires much less computing time than a fully three-dimensional approach. Experiments are conducted and their results are compared with the theory. Excellent agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental wave forces, including the diffracted wave. It is shown that inclusion of the forces on the fins not only improves the theoretical wave forces, but also brings the results of theory for the radiation forces and moments due to vehicle motions much closer to the experimental values that the theory without inclusion of fin lift forces.     

Variation Of Airflow Pattern Through Dissimilar Valve Lift In A Spark Ignition Engine

Abstract

Bi-fuel conversions are a common alternative fuelling option for mono-fuel gasoline SI vehicles because of the minor vehicle modifications required. In Malaysia, most bi-fuel vehicles are fuelled with compressed natural gas (CNG) and gasoline. However, CNG flame speed is lower than gasoline reducing the power and range of the vehicle when operating on CNG. This situation can be improved by increasing the flame speed via higher swirl generation. A Computational fluid dynamics model is used to analyse swirl generated by dissimilar valve lift (DVL) profiles on the intake valve. A three-dimensional engine simulation shows differences in swirl motion and turbulence between the original symmetric valve lift profile and the DVL. The higher swirl number reduces the turbulence kinetic energy level slightly. The best case profile is selected for further experimental testing.     

双层桥面桁架梁三塔悬索桥颤振性能优化风洞试验

双层桥面桁架梁气动性能复杂,已有研究较为少见。以某双层桥面桁架三塔悬索桥设计方案为背景,通过节段模型风洞试验,研究了栏杆透风率与高度、双层桥面板中央开槽、中央稳定板等多种气动措施对颤振临界风速的影响。结果表明:该桥原始断面在-3°、0°、+3°三种风攻角下,颤振临界风速均小于颤振检验风速,存在发生颤振失稳的可能性;中央稳定板的高度对颤振临界风速影响较大,上层桥面设置上中央稳定板能提高桥梁的颤振临界风速;上、下双层桥面板均中央开槽能够显著提高0°风攻角下的颤振临界风速,但使正攻角下的颤振临界风速有所降低;采用上、下双层桥面板中央开槽、合理地设置中央稳定板和改变栏杆透风率等气动综合措施,能使该桥在各攻角情况下的颤振临界风速满足要求。     

Swimming of the semi-infinite strip revisited

Idealized mathematical models have been devised over the years for study of the fundamentals of the swimming of fishes. The two-dimensional flexible strip propelled by execution of transverse traveling-wave undulation is one of the most well-studied of the simple models. This model is redeveloped here, with the finding that higher propulsive efficiencies are theoretically available within the undulatory swimming mode than have been previously exposed. This is by configuring the displacement wave-form for continuously zero circulation over the body length with time, and thereby avoiding the shedding of a vortex wake and its attendant induced drag. The thrust is reactive, via acceleration processes, rather than inductive via relative velocity and lift. As in most of the classical work on fish propulsion, the analysis assumes high Reynolds number and a thin boundary layer, which provides the use of ideal-flow theory. The advance speed is assumed constant and the analysis is initially linearized, but both nonlinear and linear transient analysis are provided in supporting the basic “wakeless swimming” possibility.     

中央稳定板提高颤振稳定性能的细观作用机理

通过CFD数值模拟以及PIV风洞试验研究了中央稳定板对矮寨桁架梁悬索桥断面绕流的细观作用机理。CFD数值模拟表明中央稳定板促进了在桥面中央附近形成位于上下桥面的旋涡对,使之相当于升力的作用。有稳定板断面前端和尾部的旋涡体积增大,进而使桥梁断面在颤振中的竖向自由度参与作用增强。PIV流迹显示气流在中央稳定板的背风侧形成了漩涡,在模型尾部同样有旋涡的形成,进一步验证了CFD数值模拟的正确性。     

Analysis of particle rotation in fluidized bed by use of discrete particle model

The particle rotation was found important in the fluidized bed when the heterogeneous structures appeared. Some researches show that Magnus lift force might play an pivotal role in fluid-solid system, especially when the particles have fast rotation speed. As the Magnus lift force is acted at the single particle level, a pseudo two-dimensional discrete particle model (DPM) was used to investigate the influence of Magnus lift force in fluidized bed. The rotational Reynolds number (Re_r) bases on the angular velocity and the diameter of the spheres is used to characterize the rotational movement of particles. We studied the influence of Magnus lift force for particles with rotational Reynolds number in the range of 1–100. Our results show that the influence of Magnus lift force is enhanced with a higher Re_r. Magnus lift force affects the movement of particles in both radial and axial directions while Re_r is high. However, in low Re_r case it can be neglected in computational simulation model. This indicates the introduction of Magnus lift force may improve the discrete particle model only in high Re_r case and Magnus effect should be considered in real gas-solid two phase system when the particle rotational speed is high.