中小功率高速柴油机的排放及其控制

该文介绍了柴油机排放物的危害、国内外轻型汽车及柴油机的排放标准、柴油机排放物的生成机理及影响柴油机排放物的各种因素，并通过解决本公司480／380柴油机排放问题的实践和国内外降低柴油机排放的经验，提出降低中小功率柴油机排放的措施和发展方向。     

降低单缸直喷柴油机排放的思路及有效措施

随着<非道路移动机械用柴油机排放限值及测量方法(中国Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段)>节能减排标准的实施,我们对柴油机燃油喷射系统进行了优化改进,验证了一些能有效降低单缸直喷柴油机排放指标的措施,有利于达到国家标准要求.本文从柴油机燃油喷射系统的喷油泵、高压油管、喷油器的改进入手,对降低排放的措施进行原理分析和验证.     

柴油机达到欧IV准的实用技术

综述了柴油机达到欧Ⅳ标准的几种实用技术。介绍了几种可行的和潜在的控制柴油机有害物排放的技术措施,并对各个技术发展的现状、前沿及限制因素做了分析。最后指出了柴油机为满足越来越严格的排放法规所能或应该采取的技术措施。     

柴油机达到欧Ⅳ标准的实用技术

综述了柴油机达到欧Ⅳ标准的几种实用技术。介绍了几种可行的和潜在的控制柴油机有害物排放的技术措施，并对各个技术发展的现状、前沿及限制因素做了分析。最后指出了柴油机为满足越来越严格的排放法规所能或应该采取的技术措施。     

机车柴油机的排放研究

介绍了国内外机车柴油机排放标准的发展现状,阐述了有害排放物的生成原因,提出了降低排放的措施,并对我国机车柴油机排放研究提出建议。     

柴油机排放法规及控制技术分析(一)

首先介绍了欧洲排放标准 ,然后分析了柴油机为达到不同阶段的排放标准所需要采取的技术措施 ,并对目前国内外的一些成熟技术实例进行了分析。最后 ,结合我国当前的柴油机排放控制水平 ,提出了一些建议     

柴油机排放法规及控制技术分析(二)

首先介绍了欧洲排放标准 ,然后分析了柴油机为达到不同阶段的排放标准所需要采取的技术措施 ,并对目前国内外的一些成熟技术实例进行了分析。最后 ,结合我国当前的柴油机排放控制水平 ,提出了一些建议     

降低车用柴油机NOx排放的研究

由于柴油机排放标准的日益严格,故柴油机排气污染治理措施愈来愈受到重视。本文综述了降低车用柴油机NOx排放的各种方法。     

满足单缸柴油机国-Ⅱ排放的技术难题与对策

结合单缸柴油机产品特点,分析了国内外小功率段柴油机排放法规标准的限值变化,针对单缸柴油机结构特点、行业现状及技术问题,阐明了低排放高性能单缸柴油机的研发难度和需解决的问题,给出了单缸柴油机优化性能及降低排放的技术路线和对策.分析表明:通过柴油机喷油系统、换气系统与燃烧室结构优化设计和匹配,特别是提高单缸柴油机用喷油系统的性能,优化燃烧过程的机内净化措施能满足GB19756、GB20891的排放限值的要求.     

车用柴油机排放控制技术的探讨

简要介绍了车用柴油机排放污染的成分与形成机理,针对目前国内外的研究状况,从燃料品质、柴油机机内净化和排气后处理3方面概述了控制柴油机排放的技术措施,并总结了车用柴油机达到排放标准所需采取的技术对策。     

代用燃烧DME及其研究进展

由于DMF（二甲基醚）有良好的压燃着火性能以及不需特别的措施就能达到超低排放标准，因而成为柴油发动机一种很有潜力的替代燃料，多年来各国对DME作为柴油的代用燃料作了大量的研究，对DME的喷雾过程，自燃着火过程和燃烧过程等方面有了较为深入的了解，在此基础上发展了专为DME使用的电控喷射系统。     

The effect of clove oil and diesel fuel blends on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a compression-ignition engine

Diesel engines provide the major power source for transportation in the world and contribute to the prosperity of the worldwide economy. However, recent concerns over the environment, increasing fuel prices and the scarcity of fuel supplies have promoted considerable interest in searching for alternatives to petroleum based fuels. Based on this background, the main purpose of this investigation is to evaluate clove stem oil (CSO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. To this end, an experimental investigation was performed on a four-stroke, four-cylinder water-cooled direct injection diesel engine to study the performance and emissions of an engine operated using the CSO–diesel blended fuels. The effects of the CSO–diesel blended fuels on the engine brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), specific energy consumption (SEC), exhaust gas temperatures and exhaust emissions were investigated. The experimental results reveal that the engine brake thermal efficiency and BSFC of the CSO–diesel blended fuels were higher than the pure diesel fuel while at the same time they exhibited a lower SEC than the latter over the entire engine load range. The variations in exhaust gas temperatures between the tested fuels were significant only at medium speed operating conditions. Furthermore, the HC emissions were lower for the CSO–diesel blended fuels than the pure diesel fuel whereas the NO_x emissions were increased remarkably when the engine was fuelled with the 50% CSO–diesel blended fuel.     

The comparison of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of sesame oil–diesel fuel mixture with diesel fuel in a direct injection diesel engine

The use of vegetable oils as a fuel in diesel engines causes some problems due to their high viscosity compared with conventional diesel fuel. Various techniques and methods are used to solve the problems resulting from high viscosity. One of these techniques is fuel blending. In this study, a blend of 50% sesame oil and 50% diesel fuel was used as an alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated and compared with the ordinary diesel fuel in a diesel engine. The experimental results show that the engine power and torque of the mixture of sesame oil–diesel fuel are close to the values obtained from diesel fuel and the amounts of exhaust emissions are lower than those of diesel fuel. Hence, it is seen that blend of sesame oil and diesel fuel can be used as an alternative fuel successfully in a diesel engine without any modification and also it is an environmental friendly fuel in terms of emission parameters.     

Preparation,characterisation, engine performance and emission characteristics of coconut oil based hybrid fuels

In this study, hybrid fuels consisting of coconut oil, aqueous ethanol and a surfactant (butan-1-ol) were prepared and tested as a fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. After determining fuel properties such as the density, viscosity and gross calorific values of these fuels, they were used to run a diesel engine. The engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated and compared with that of diesel. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the hybrid fuels is comparable to that of diesel. As the viscosity of the hybrid fuels decreased and approached that of diesel, the efficiency increased progressively towards that of diesel. The exhaust emissions were lower than those for diesel, except carbon monoxide emissions, which increased. Hence, it is concluded that these hybrid fuels can be used successfully as an alternative fuel in diesel engines without any modifications. Their completely renewable nature ensures that they are environmentally friendly with regard to their emissions characteristics.     

Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on diesel engine nitrogen oxide reduction operating with jojoba methyl ester

Jojoba methyl ester (JME) has been used as a renewable fuel in numerous studies evaluating its potential use in diesel engines. These studies showed that this fuel is good gas oil substitute but an increase in the nitrogenous oxides emissions was observed at all operating conditions. The aim of this study mainly was to quantify the efficiency of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) when using JME fuel in a fully instrumented, two-cylinder, naturally aspirated, four-stroke direct injection diesel engine. The tests were carried out in three sections. Firstly, the measured performance and exhaust emissions of the diesel engine operating with diesel fuel and JME at various speeds under full load are determined and compared. Secondly, tests were performed at constant speed with two loads to investigate the EGR effect on engine performance and exhaust emissions including nitrogenous oxides (NO_x), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and exhaust gas temperatures. Thirdly, the effect of cooled EGR with high ratio at full load on engine performance and emissions was examined. The results showed that EGR is an effective technique for reducing NO_x emissions with JME fuel especially in light-duty diesel engines. With the application of the EGR method, the CO and HC concentration in the engine-out emissions increased. For all operating conditions, a better trade-off between HC, CO and NO_x emissions can be attained within a limited EGR rate of 5–15% with very little economy penalty.     

TY1100柴油机燃用天然气的排放特性研究

通过对单缸柴油机的试验研究,分析了柴油机燃用天然气和纯柴油时的排放情况,对两组数据做了比较,并对柴油机电控喷射天然气技术作了介绍．     

A review of hydrogen usage in internal combustion engines (gasoline-Lpg-diesel) from combustion performance aspect

Demand for fossil fuels is increasing day by day with the increase in industrialization and energy demand in the world. For this reason, many countries are looking for alternative energy sources against this increasing energy demand. Hydrogen is an alternative fuel with high efficiency and superior properties. The development of hydrogen-powered vehicles in the transport sector is expected to reduce fuel consumption and air pollution from exhaust emissions. In this study, the use of hydrogen as a fuel in vehicles and the current experimental studies in the literature are examined and the results of using hydrogen as an additional fuel are investigated. The effects of hydrogen usage on engine performance and exhaust emissions as an additional fuel to internal combustion gasoline, diesel and LPG engines are explained. Depending on the amount of hydrogen added to the fuel system, the engine power and torque are increased at most on petrol engines, while they are decreased on LPG and diesel engines. In terms of chemical products, the emissions of harmful exhaust gases in gasoline and LPG engines are reduced, while some diesel engines increase nitrogen oxide levels. In addition, it is understood that there will be a positive effect on the environment, due to hydrogen usage in all engine types.     

NJ2型机车柴油机低排放技术分析与研究

主要对7FDL-16AD1型柴油机的低排放设计概念进行了研究,并利用专业的柴油机软件GT-FLOW对柴油机的燃烧和排放性能进行了分析。研究分析结果表明,推迟喷油定时、提高喷油压力、降低进气管温度是大幅减少NOx与Soot排放的有效方法。同时,采用提高压缩比的方法可以补偿使用上述方法所引起的燃油效率的损失。此类设计理念保证了经济性与排放指标的要求。     

Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine

In this study, performance and emissions of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine was experimentally investigated. For the study, cottonseed oil methyl ester (CSOME) was added to diesel fuel, numbered D2, by volume of 5%(B5), 20%(B20), 50%(B50) and 75%(B75) as well as pure CSOME (B100). Fuels were tested in a single cylinder, direct injection, air cooled diesel engine. The effects of CSOME-diesel blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions were examined at various engine speeds and full loaded engine. The effect of B5, B20, B50, B75, B100 and D2 on the engine power, engine torque, bsfc's and exhaust gasses temperature were clarified by the performance tests. The influences of blends on CO, NO_x, SO₂ and smoke opacity were investigated by emission tests. The experimental results showed that the use of the lower blends (B5) slightly increases the engine torque at medium and higher speeds in compression ignition engines. However, there were no significant differences in performance values of B5, B20 and diesel fuel. Also with the increase of the biodiesel in blends, the exhaust emissions were reduced. The experimental results showed that the lower contents of CSOME in the blends can partially be substituted for the diesel fuel without any modifications in diesel engines.     

柱塞泵性能的液力调整和喷油过程的分析

环保与人类生存的关系巳日趋紧密,而汽车尾气排放给环境带来严重威胁。由于柴油机应用极广,因此必须把改善它的燃烧和排放列为重要议题。柴油机喷油泵的供油特性及喷油过程对其燃烧和排放的影响很大,而出油阀结构的变化在改善这些性能上有独特效果,所以对出油阀进行改进,利用其缝隙在不同转速下对燃油的节流作用,实现对供油的优化调整,以达到节能和降低排放的目的。