任意排列两方形断面高层建筑风致干扰机理研究

风致干扰效应是高层建筑群抗风设计中的常见难点问题之一。采用刚性模型测压试验,研究了均匀层流和两种大气边界层风场条件下任意排列两方形断面高层建筑的风致干扰效应,通过平均和脉动基底弯矩系数的干扰因子、风力系数、风压系数分布以及风荷载功率谱的研究,解释了其风致干扰效应的机理。结果表明,任意排列的两方形断面高层建筑风致干扰中,至少存在横风向静力干扰、顺风向静力干扰和横风向动力干扰三个值得注意的干扰区域。 窄道形成的加速效应使受扰结构上形成指向施扰建筑横风向平均吸力和阻塞形成的受扰建筑的横风向平均推力;遮挡效应使得受扰建筑承受指向位于上游的施扰建筑的顺风向风力;漩涡叠加增强位于尾流区受扰建筑上的横风向脉动荷载。不同风场的试验结果表明,提高来流的紊流度有助于减弱上述干扰效应。     

矩形建筑结构静风荷载的干扰效应研究

在相邻建筑物的干扰下,受扰高层建筑的风荷载与其在孤立状态下相比会有较大的变化。采用测压刚性模型风洞试验研究了两个高层建筑间的静力干扰效应,得到了两个相同的矩形截面建筑在不同相对位置和不同风向角下受扰建筑各表面的风压系数变化规律。所得的这些结果对结构的抗风设计有较为重要的指导意义。     

Y形截面超高层建筑风荷载及风效应的干扰效应研究

通过刚性模型同步测压风洞试验,研究周围建筑对Y形建筑风荷载和风效应的干扰影响,分析了全风向峰值正压系数、峰值负压系数、不同风向角下结构顶部加速度及其干扰因子等参数的变化规律。结果表明：干扰效应对全风向最大峰值负压系数影响程度要大于全风向最大峰值正压系数;干扰效应整体上会减少Y形截面超高层建筑全风向最大峰值正压值,增大全风向最大峰值负压绝对值,不利于工程设计,在实际工程时应引起重视;结构顶部最大峰值加速度受干扰效应影响会有所增加,最大峰值加速度为5.28 cm/s2,满足《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程：JGJ 3—2010》对结构顶点最大加速度的限值要求。     

考虑风场干扰的喇叭形悬挑钢结构设计风荷载

为获得喇叭形悬挑钢结构的设计风荷载值,考虑临近建筑的风场干扰效应进行了数值风洞模拟。文章通过建立完整的风环境模型,采用非线性k-ε-EARSM湍流模型开展了数值风洞模拟,研究了流场特征、风压系数和不同风向角下建筑表面的风压及风荷载合力的变化规律。研究表明:在最不利风向角的迎风面上,结构悬挑部位内表面的风压系数在2.0左右,且结构受到明显的竖向升力作用;在其他风向角下,受周边建筑风场干扰影响,结构内外表面风压大都呈现相互抵消趋势。计算结果为风压系数,结合相关规范,为设计提供参考意见。     

高层建筑群体干扰效应数值模拟研究

通过数值模拟研究了某超高层建筑群风荷载特性及相互干扰效应。结果表明:不同风向角对建筑群体周围风场影响较大,在建筑角部及塔楼之间的空隙位置存在显著的加速现象。建筑风荷载及顺风向阻力系数受相邻建筑干扰明显,随着风向角的改变,建筑表面风荷载及整体受力特性都会发生相应变化,在实际设计中,应考虑建筑群体效应对设计风荷载的影响。     

小截面建筑干扰下的高层建筑气动力及风致响应研究

上游来流经小截面施扰建筑可产生频率较高的漩涡,在较低的风速下会使受扰建筑发生涡激共振而受到较大的干扰作用。为此,通过同步测压风洞试验和风振响应计算,详细分析上游施扰建筑与下游受扰主建筑的截面宽度比为0.4时的受扰建筑基底气动弯矩、基底峰值弯矩响应以及结构顶部峰值加速度的干扰效应。结果表明：在B类和C类地貌风场下受扰建筑基底平均和脉动气动弯矩均表现为遮挡效应和弱放大效应,最大干扰系数仅为1.05;顺风向、横风向基底峰值弯矩响应和顶部峰值加速度的干扰效应都较基底平均和脉动气动弯矩的强;结构顶部峰值加速度的干扰效应明显强于基底峰值弯矩响应,其中在B类和C类地貌风场下的横风向峰值加速度均在串列位置(2b, 0)附近处呈现强放大效应,最大包络干扰系数分别为4.7和3.03。进一步对尾流涡激共振的干扰机理研究表明,基底峰值弯矩响应和结构顶部峰值加速度响应的放大效应干扰机理是一致的。对于受小截面施扰建筑影响的情况,仅分析气动力的干扰效应是不够的,必须考虑不同折算风速下的荷载响应包络干扰效应。     

Interference effects on aerodynamic and wind-induced responses for an upstream interfering building with small section size

上游来流经小截面施扰建筑可产生频率较高的漩涡，在较低的风速下会使受扰建筑发生涡激共振而受到较大的干扰作用。为此，通过同步测压风洞试验和风振响应计算，详细分析上游施扰建筑与下游受扰主建筑的截面宽度比为0.4时的受扰建筑基底气动弯矩、基底峰值弯矩响应以及结构顶部峰值加速度的干扰效应。结果表明：在B类和C类地貌风场下受扰建筑基底平均和脉动气动弯矩均表现为遮挡效应和弱放大效应，最大干扰系数仅为1.05；顺风向、横风向基底峰值弯矩响应和顶部峰值加速度的干扰效应都较基底平均和脉动气动弯矩的强；结构顶部峰值加速度的干扰效应明显强于基底峰值弯矩响应，其中在B类和C类地貌风场下的横风向峰值加速度均在串列位置(2b, 0)附近处呈现强放大效应，最大包络干扰系数分别为4.7和3.03。进一步对尾流涡激共振的干扰机理研究表明，基底峰值弯矩响应和结构顶部峰值加速度响应的放大效应干扰机理是一致的。对于受小截面施扰建筑影响的情况，仅分析气动力的干扰效应是不够的，必须考虑不同折算风速下的荷载响应包络干扰效应。     

浅议高层建筑抗风的技术问题及对策

高层建筑横风向、扭转向风荷载及群体建筑干扰效应可能引起较大的风致响应。本文综合分析了高层建筑受风荷载的特点,对不同的抗风要求提出了针对性的抗风措施。研究和工程实例表明,通过改变建筑外形或结构动力特性可有效改善高层建筑受风环境,从而降低建筑风致响应。     

联体型双塔建筑静力风荷载的数值模拟

基于Fluent软件,采用雷诺应力模型RSM对六种不同体型的联体型双塔建筑物的静力风荷载进行了数值计算。研究了不同体型双塔间的静力干扰效应,顺、横风向和扭转方向的无量纲荷载系数等问题。分析表明,当风向角为0°且间距较近时,下游建筑位于上游建筑的尾流边界内,抑制了上游建筑尾流的发展,因此上游建筑的平均风荷载较单体时有所减小,而下游建筑的"遮挡效应"则非常显著。由于角部的处理,延缓了上游建筑气流的分离和再附,上游建筑的平均弯矩干扰因子IFm均小于尖角模型的相应值,而下游建筑的IFm均大于尖角模型的相应值。     

周边高层建筑对大跨屋盖结构静风干扰效应试验研究

为了研究周边高层建筑对大跨屋盖结构顶面风荷载产生的影响,以某科技交流中心风荷载风洞试验为基础,从受扰屋盖总体受力和局部受力两个方面分别研究了施扰高层建筑外形及其相对位置对风荷载干扰效应的影响。最后得出了施扰建筑外形改变对干扰效应的影响规律、施扰建筑处于不同干扰位置对干扰效应的影响规律以及各种外形施扰建筑的最不利干扰位置及平均静风干扰因子(IF)最大值,为大跨屋盖结构设计时的风荷载取值提供了试验依据。     

Interference excitation mechanisms on a 3DOF aeroelastic CAARC building model

A comprehensive wind tunnel test program was conducted to investigate interference excitation mechanisms on translational and torsional responses of an identical pair of tall buildings. Motion responses of a three-degree-of-freedom aeroelastic building model were measured. Both upstream and downstream interference effects were studied in this research. The experimental results showed that with an open terrain wind model, both dynamic translational and dynamic torsional responses generally increased under interference effects for an operating reduced wind velocity of 6. Measured response spectra indicated that amplified along-wind, cross-wind and torsional responses were largely induced by the wake of an upstream interfering building. The significance of interference effects and the dominant interference mechanisms depended upon the location of the aeroelastic model in the wake region. Furthermore, coupled translational–torsional motion of the aeroelastic building model tested was found to cause only small increases in the resultant motions at the building corner.     

受扰高层建筑的风致响应分析

受扰状态下高层建筑的静动力响应明显不同于单体建筑。以一实际姊妹塔楼为研究对象,根据风洞试验中获得的风压分布结果,计算塔楼结构的风致响应。风洞试验及结构响应计算不仅考虑了两栋塔楼同时存在的情况,还考虑一栋塔楼先期建成,另一塔楼尚未建造的情况。细致分析了不同风向下结构的平均及脉动位移响应、静动力干扰因子的特点。结果表明,施扰建筑位于受扰建筑正前方时具有最大的干扰效应,此时受扰塔楼的总位移峰值最小;而当受扰建筑处于施扰建筑下游时,在风向偏斜时,受扰塔楼的总位移峰值最大。     

Across‐wind dynamic response of high‐rise building under wind action with interference effects from one and two tall buildings

Systematic studies on the across‐wind dynamic interference effects on two and three tall buildings are presented in this paper. It is found that surrounding and upstream interfering building(s) can significantly affect the across‐wind load on the interfered principal building. Generally speaking, two interfering buildings can cause more adverse dynamic effects on the principal building than a single one does. The results show that the maximum interference factor (IF) among three buildings increases 80% over that between two buildings in terrain category B which has been defined in Chinese load code for design of building structures; a noticeable difference of 29% of IF is also observed in terrain category D. Vortex shedding from the upstream buildings can lead to vortex‐induced resonance, resulting in excessive across‐wind loads on the downstream building. Although interference effects in terrain category D are much smaller than those in exposure category B, the maximum IF is found to be 1·83 in the case of three buildings with the same size in terrain category D and 2·27 in other configurations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interference excitation of twin tall buildings

The enhanced dynamic response of a tall square building under interference excitation from neighbouring tall buildings has been studied in a series of wind-tunnel model tests. In a low-turbulence wind environment and under normal strong wind conditions, the dynamic loads on the upstream of an identical pair of tall buildings may increase by a factor of up to 4.4. The dynamic loads on the downstream building of the pair may increase by a factor of up to 3.2 due to “resonant buffeting”. Measurements of along-wind and cross-wind force spectra and a number of wake spectra provide an explanation for the observed behaviour. Possible excitation mechanisms are discussed and critical building arrangements presented. The large interference loads found in this study indicate that interference excitation should be carefully considered in the design of tall buildings.     

The effect of plan ratios on wind interference of two tall buildings

Tall buildings are vulnerable to lateral loading. The facades of these buildings are susceptible to wind loads. It is very difficult to assess the wind condition around the tall building in the presence of other surrounding buildings due to the wind interference effect. An experiment is carried out in the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel at Tokyo Polytechnic University, Japan, to study the wind interference effect on tall buildings with varying plan ratios. The maximum and minimum local peak pressure coefficient contours on front face of the principal building are plotted. The interference effect is quantified in terms of interference zone charts. It is observed that interference zones extend over a larger area as the building plan ratios increases. The minimum interference factor depends on the plan ratios of the interfering building especially along the oblique direction. The results of this study may be useful for the preliminary design of cladding of tall buildings with interfering buildings.     

Wind-induced loading and dynamic responses of a row of tall buildings under strong interference

This paper studies wind-induced interference effects on a row of five square-plan tall buildings arranged in close proximity. Mean and fluctuating wind loads are measured on each building member and wind-induced dynamic responses of the building are estimated with the high-frequency force-balance technique. The modifications of building responses from interference over a practical range of reduced velocities are represented by an envelope interference factor. Wind tunnel experiments and response analysis are carried out under all possible angles of wind incidence, at four different building separation distances, and for two arrangement patterns of buildings in the row, that is the parallel and diamond patterns. It is found that building interference leads to amplified dynamic responses in many cases but reduction in responses also occurs at some wind incidence. For a building row of the parallel pattern, five distinct wind incidence sectors of different levels and mechanisms of interference effect can be identified. The largest values of envelope interference factors can reach 2.4 for the torsional responses. When the row of tall buildings is arranged in the diamond pattern, increase in wind excitation occurs at many wind angles due to a “wind catchment” effect. The interference factors have larger peak values, reaching 2.1 in the sway directions and above 4 in torsion. However, all large amplifications of building responses do not occur in the situations of peak resonant dynamic responses of the single isolated building. Thus, the design values of peak dynamic responses of a tall building are not significantly magnified when placed in a row.     

高层建筑静风荷载的干扰效应研究

在相邻建筑物的干扰下,受扰高层建筑的风荷载与其在孤立状态下相比会有较大的变化。本文采用测力天平模型风洞试验研究了两个高层建筑间的静力干扰效应,得到了两个相同的方形截面建筑在不同相对位置时的静力干扰因子IFm。并且首次引入了正交试验法设计试验方案,研究了施扰建筑高度、截面尺寸和外形对顺风向静力干扰因子IFm的影响。应用人工神经网络方法对试验结果进行了模拟和推广,给出了IFm的等值线图,可供规范应用和参考。     

群体高层建筑风致干扰效应研究进展

在高层建筑抗风设计中,正确地评估邻近建筑对风荷载的影响具有重要的理论和实用价值。从干扰机理、基底荷载干扰以及风压干扰3个方面总结与评述了国内外风致干扰效应的研究进展,列举了各国风荷载规范对干扰效应的条文规定;结合作者所在研究团队近十多年来进行的群体高层建筑的研究成果,对GB 50009-2012《建筑结构荷载规范》的风致干扰条文进行了补充说明,重点介绍了群体建筑气动干扰的量化方法,并强调了干扰效应的适用条件为折算风速不大于7;根据前期研究存在的问题和实际工程需求,建议进一步开展对群体建筑干扰机理、结构顶部峰值加速度、扭转干扰响应以及不同方向荷载相关性等方面的系统性研究。     

Simplified formulas for evaluation of wind-induced interference effects among three tall buildings

The base-bending moment (BBM) response and the mean BBM of grouped high-rise buildings are studied by a series of wind tunnel tests on typical tall building models using the high-frequency force balance technique. Interference excitations of two upwind buildings with various heights in different upwind terrains are considered. An effective method is proposed to represent the distribution of the envelope interference factor (EIF) among three tall buildings. The results show that two upstream buildings cause more adverse dynamic effects on the downstream building than a single upstream building does. Significant correlations are found in the distributions of the interference factors of different configurations and upwind terrains. Relevant regression equations are proposed to simplify the complexity of the multi-parameter wind-induced mean and dynamic interference effects among three tall buildings. Finally, an example of how to use the data provided in this paper and the proposed methodology is presented.