盾构机推进液压系统的闭环控制仿真分析

结合某型盾构机特点,提出盾构机推进系统的闭环控制容积调速技术.其工作原理是通过液压缸的反馈信号,调节比例变量泵的输出流量和比例减压阀的出口压力,满足系统的推进速度和压力要求,实现连续控制.在AMESim环境下对系统的比例变量泵、比例减压阀和液压缸进行模型构建,并对推进系统进行动态特性仿真分析.通过仿真结果验证仿真模型的正确性,同时说明该系统适应特性和响应特性良好,为实际工程需要提供依据.     

采样器气体流量闭环控制研究

针对传统采样器气体流量采用开环控制,随着抽气泵负载的增加引起气体流量的下降,导致采样气体体积误差偏大的问题,提出了闭环流量控制的气体采样器,并对其进行了研究。利用微型气体质量流量传感器、可调微型气泵及控制器组成了闭环控制系统,并结合带死区的增量PID控制算法和积分累积气体采样的方式,消除了采样流量由于负载的变化而引起的误差。最后通过实验证明了闭环控制的采样器气体流量具有较好的线性度及较高的精度。     

基于模糊PID的电子水泵在线检测流量控制研究

目的:针对电子水泵在线检测系统工作时流量稳定时间长、稳定误差大的问题,研究一种更加高效、稳定的流量控制方式。方法:在传统PID控制方法的基础上引入模糊控制策略,设计一种实时优化PID控制的比例、积分、微分参数的模糊PID控制器;基于模糊PID控制器的设计完成了阀门开度-流量模型及传递函数的建立,以及包含参数整定的模糊PID主体设计;搭建了系统仿真模型,对比模糊PID与传统PID的仿真效果,并进行实验验证。结果:实验结果表明,模糊PID使单点流量控制稳定误差下降至±0.8%,稳定时间缩短至100 s。结论:采用模糊控制的PID调节策略能够提高电子水泵在线检测系统中流量控制的稳定性,还提高了检测效率。     

燃料柱塞泵流动特性仿真分析与低噪声设计

鱼雷燃料泵在对燃料增压时不可避免地产生强烈的振动并传递至鱼雷壳体,使之成为鱼雷的激振源之一。为了指导燃料泵的减振降噪,利用液压系统仿真软件AMESim建立了与传统斜盘式柱塞泵结构及工作原理差异很大的燃料柱塞泵的液压模型。搭建燃料泵动态压力测试系统,测试了燃料泵出口的动态压力,并与泵出口压力仿真信号进行对比,验证了模型的正确性。在此基础上,进一步对泵出口压力、流量及柱塞腔压力动态过程进行仿真,确定出了既能削除柱塞腔尖峰压力又对泵出口压力流量无影响的错配角。以此为指导,制造出具有合理错配角的样机。对比测试表明新泵相对原泵,在全部十个测试位置振动能级均降低,最大降幅约5 dB。     

电液主动悬架单元测控技术研究

对由流量伺服阀构成的电液主动悬架进行了系统分析,设计了基于力、位移作为主要测量和反馈信号的PID控制器,仿真和台架实验结果表明,利用PID控制器进行电液流量伺服结构主动悬架控制,机构简单可靠,对于簧上质量加速度有明显的衰减作用.     

基于AMESim恒功率变量泵的仿真研究

为了优化恒功率变量泵的动态调节特性,根据力士乐的轴向柱塞变量双泵A8V0泵的结构和工作原理,建立了恒功率泵的变量调节机构的数学模型;利用仿真软件AMESim进行仿真,分析2个测量弹簧参数对泵动态特性的影响.通过分析现有2个弹簧作用的恒功率调节的不足,提出了3个弹簧作用的变量调节机构.仿真结果表明:2个弹簧的变量调节机构...     

电液伺服系统的微分与积分滑模变结构控制

针对电液系统的非线性特性及其参数不确定性,在电液伺服系统的速度跟踪控制中,提出了一种非线性微分与积分滑模变结构控制(DI-SVSC)策略。在滑模控制中引入积分控制项,消除了传统滑模变结构控制需要被跟踪信号导数已知的假设,利用一非线性微分控制消除了系统的抖振现象。在积分滑模控制与非线性微分控制中,分别给出了切换函数、非线性微分系数及控制器的设计方法。仿真结果显示,该控制方法具有较强的鲁棒性及良好的跟踪性能。     

并联驱动电液系统振动控制策略研究

针对并联驱动电液系统的内力耦合问题,建立了振动系统的动力学模型,分析了干扰耦合的产生原因。利用自由度分解实现了多个激振器的独立控制,通过内力反馈解耦控制消除系统在运行过程中产生的耦合内力。在此基础上,利用三状态控制器对系统进行加速度闭环控制,改善系统的动态特性;通过引入前馈逆模型控制策略拓展系统频宽,利用并联驱动电液试验台对振动控制策略进行实验验证,试验结果证明提出的控制策略能够提高振动控制精度。     

基于虚拟仪器的轴向变量柱塞泵测控系统

为了符合某企业的轴向柱塞泵测试要求,对轴向变量柱塞泵的静态性能的测试方法进行了研究,并设计及开发了该测控系统。该测控系统利用虚拟仪器技术、计算机技术、传感器技术、可编程逻辑控制器技术、数据采集卡技术等多种现代科学技术,实现了机电液一体化的控制。测控系统的关键参数如压力、转速、控制信号的测试精度通过闭环控制得到保证。在建立测试信息数据库后,测控系统能对按测试工序模块化自动连续完成一系列试验的测试。现场测试表明,该测控系统能对多种规格的轴向柱塞的静态性能(排量验证、变量特性、效率特性、超载试验)进行自动测试,同时测试结果良好。     

充液成形设备双闭环控制分析

目的 研究先进充液成形设备的精度控制技术,以满足充液成形过程中对成形介质压力及侧推油缸位置的高精度控制要求,并确保模具型腔的密封性和零件成形的稳定性。方法 基于PLC控制器下的PID闭环控制功能,将速度闭环和位置或压力闭环进行集成,开发应用于液压系统的双闭环控制方法。结果 使用双闭环控制方法,可以调整侧推油缸的位置控制精度及响应速度,并将精度控制在0.1 mm以内,也可调整增压装置的输出端压力控制精度,使精度达到0.3MPa。结论 在利用充液成形设备进行液压成形的过程中,双闭环技术可以实现设备侧向密封的精确位置控制以及型腔内压力的精确控制。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...