铀尾矿库退役治理有关氡析出率问题的探讨

就铀矿冶设施退役环境治理过程中涉及铀尾矿库中的大面积铀尾矿氡析出率的测量、计算及用覆盖方法控制氡析出率的有关问题进行了探讨。提出了大面积铀尾矿年平均氡析出率测量中应考虑选择合适的测量时间、布点网度、测量次数等,以消除由于气象因素、尾矿中镭质量分数的不均匀等对氡析出率测量带来的影响。指出比较经济、衫的控制氡析出率的方法是用土壤、砂砾石等天然材料进行覆盖,并对确定覆盖厚度的方法进行了现场试验及理论计算的比较与说明。     

植物修复铀尾矿库退役后流出的铀离子污染因素分析

根据植物修复技术研究应用的发展,结合铀矿冶尾矿库实际情况,从铀尾矿库污染区域概况、植物选择、农艺措施、管理措施4个方面,探讨了运用植物修复技术应考虑的因素,为植物修复铀尾矿库退役后流出的铀离子污染提供参考借鉴。     

我国铀矿冶设施辐射影响的降低与辐射防护最优化

回顾了我国核工业在过去30多年的发展过程中环境、健康影响的变化,分析了其中的重点环节－铀矿冶设施生产和防护技术的改进对降低辐射危害的作用,并以铀矿冶设施中铀矿井废水和铀尾矿库治理的防护水平和代价为列,讨论了铀矿冶设施防护的代价效能和防护水平。     

基于GIS尾矿库滑坡地质灾害危险性研究

将局域层次和场地层次分析方法结合起来,运用GIS对尾矿库滑坡地质灾害进行了综合分析,结合尾矿库的自身特点,总结尾矿库滑坡地质灾害发生发育规律,拟定各类评价因子;采用GIS分析方法与其他技术手段对野外数据以及室内数据进行分析评价,选取评价因素并建立评价因素的分级标准;针对常规的滑坡地质灾害危险性分析评价模型,对各影响因素采用层次分析方法(AHP)确定各致灾影响因子的权重,运用模糊数学的方法对尾矿库滑坡灾害的危险度进行分区,然后将分区结果用于指导工程实践。     

铀尾矿库的退役环境治理

介绍了国内外铀尾矿库退役环境治理概况。对退役铀尾矿库在辐射防护、坝坡稳定性、防洪能力等方面需要解决的问题及环境治理的主要内容作了说明。在借鉴国外经验的基础上，对铀尾矿库退役治理中通常应采取的工程措施分别作了阐述。特别是对滩面覆盖降氡的试验、计算方法都作了较详细的论述。     

某退役铀尾矿库保护性开放利用方案研究

随着我国生态文明建设的快速推进,对于地处城乡近郊区铀尾矿库的退役治理,更重视生态环境质量的改善与效益的提升,以进一步提高退役整治效果。以辽西地区某退役治理铀尾矿库为例,提出采用复合覆盖隔离技术与景观园林工程相结合,将其改建成为铀尾矿库绿色生态公园的保护性开放利用方案,并对改建方案的安全稳定性进行了初步分析。研究结果表明,将退役铀尾矿库保护性开放利用为绿色生态公园是可行的。     

红壤覆盖层性状对铀尾矿库滩面氡析出影响的试验研究

为探究红壤覆盖层性状(厚度、压实度等)对铀尾矿库滩面氡析出的影响特征,以铀尾矿库为对象,选用红壤和南方某铀尾矿库的尾砂为样品,采用 自制模拟滩面覆盖层氡析出试验装置,对覆盖层厚度、压实度与氡析出率的关系进行了研究.试验结果表明:在压实度均为0.56时,随着覆盖层厚度从0增加到20 cm,表面氡析出率逐渐降低;相同质量的...     

某铀尾矿库地震动力稳定性分析

地震是影响铀尾矿库稳定性的重要因素之一。为研究铀尾矿库在地震动作用下的动力特性,以某铀尾矿库为例,对尾矿库在设计地震条件下的动力反应进行了模拟计算,得到地震过程中尾矿坝体应力、加速度反应、变形、液化和动力稳定等计算结果。研究表明,该尾矿库在设计地震条件下总体表现良好,坝体稳定性可以得到保障。     

德国铀尾矿库退役治理技术考察报告

介绍了德国正在进行退役治理的3个铀尾矿库和1个大型露天采坑的基本情况，并对已采用的一些成功的工程措施作了比较详细的说明。其包括有关废水处理，铀尾矿滩面的覆盖，坝坡稳定性和露天采坑的回填等。还推荐在中国的有关工程中采用某些新技术，例如，应用土工织物、土工格栅和塑料排水带加速尾矿细泥区的固结；应用Reactive Wall技术处理铀尾矿库的渗透水以及应用Passive处理技术处理低浓度放射性矿山废水等。     

ICP-MS测定粉煤灰中微量铀的不确定度评定

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定粉煤灰中微量铀的分析方法。对测定过程中不确定度来源进行分析,合成了扩展不确定度。结果表明重复性引入的不确定度和铀标准溶液配制引入的不确定度是测定粉煤灰中铀的主要影响因素。     

新安煤矿13回风斜井大面积淋水的治理

小浪底水库蓄水后,淹没区内小煤窑充水对新安煤矿形成较大危害。采用物、钻、化探相结合的方法对13采区回风斜井大面积涌水进行分析和治理,为防治小煤窑水对矿井的危害及治理井下大面积分散淋水区提供新方法,具有一定的实用性和推广价值。     

Stability analysis of a copper tailings dam via laboratory model tests: A Chinese case study

The upstream method is a popular method for raising tailings dams. Currently in China there are more than 12,000 tailings impoundments and almost 95% of them use the upstream method for the construction of the dam. Statistical data has shown that the tailings impoundment is one of the main sources of risk in the mining industry. Failures of tailings impoundments have resulted in the loss of many lives, considerable property damage, and irreversible pollution in downstream areas. Therefore, the safety of tailings management facilities has been of increasing concern to governments and local communities. The management of a conventional tailings storage facility requires the maintenance of a high level of structural stability. Therefore, according to the relevant mine Acts, the mine operators are required to conduct stability analyses for all types of tailings facilities, whether they are new, active, or decommissioned. For the stability analysis of tailings dams, the accurate profile of the tailings dam is very important. The profiles are easily obtained for both active and decommissioned tailings facilities because their data can be collected through field investigations. However, collecting basic data from newly constructed tailings facilities is difficult. In this paper, a laboratory physical model test has been performed. The construction process for new tailings impoundment has been physically simulated in the laboratory, where the tailings particle composition and distribution below a beach, the change of phreatic surface of the dam, and the engineering properties of the tailings of the dam profiles have been measured. A new tailings facility, Yangtianqin tailings impoundment, owned by Tongchang copper mine of Yuxi Mine Co., was used as a case study to illustrate the physical modeling of the tailings dam. In the model test, the geometrical model of pond area was constructed according to the scale factor, λ_L, of 1:200 (model:prototype), and the tailings discharge system was also established, the tailings slurry then being discharged based on the design data. Finally, on the basis of the model test results on profiles, the stability analysis of the tailings dam at different heights was conducted under different conditions. The model test results and stability analysis show that the height of the tailings dam should be less than that originally planned. The original design of Yangtianqing tailings impoundment should therefore be revised for the safety of the tailings impoundment.     

Assessment of Mineralogical,Textural, and Water Chemistry Changes During Long-Distance Tailings-Slurry Transport

An exploratory study demonstrated that subtle changes in solids and process water were caused by long-distance turbulent transport of tailings from the concentrator to the impoundment of a Cu (Mo) porphyry copper deposit. Slurry water chemical analysis was complemented by modelling potential phase precipitation or dissolution and speciation of dissolved metals. It was found that transport did not affect major insoluble mineral phases. However, the degrees of liberation of several phyllosilicates, as determined by automated mineralogy, were reduced close to the impoundment, which points to separation of clay particles from tectosilicate surfaces by the turbulence; this also was observed by SEM examination of micro-aggregate specimens. Reduction of maximum particle sizes, increased N2 monolayer adsorption, and resultant specific surface areas indicate that transport modified the micro-aggregates. Major element water chemistry is controlled by the presence of soluble mineral phases, such as gypsum, and reagents, such as lime, in the flotation process. Changes in the dissolved concentrations of some elements could potentially affect tailings deportment in the impoundment. Increased concentrations of Al may affect the clay settling behaviour, while Mo and As levels will require treatment prior to the discharge of water from the tailings impoundment. This study demonstrated that systematic scrutiny of tailings slurries leaving the concentrator and before entering the impoundment can be potentially useful, though care will have to be exercised to replicate sample handling and analytical conditions, during any long-term monitoring.     

浓密法处置铀尾矿的试验研究

某铀水冶厂尾矿库,在用常规处置法运行20年后,尾矿堆积标高已达原设计标高。为了尽可能避免新建尾矿库以节省投资,提出了继续使用原尾矿库的建议。对采用常规处置法和浓密处置法延长使用原尾矿库的两种方案进行了对比,后者比前者可延长服务年限12．5年。为了给工程设计提供必要的设计依据,对浓密处置法全过程的主要环节（主要包括：尾矿浆的浓密、固体质量分数高的尾矿浆的管道输送及其排放堆积）进行了全面的现场扩大试验研究,并取得了预期的结果,为在我国铀水冶厂尽快推广应用铀尾矿浓密处置法这一新技术提供了依据。     

用浓缩排放法处置氨碱厂废液（渣）的试验研究

目前通用的氨碱厂废液（渣）的处理方法一直存在着管道输送量大、电耗高、渣场堆积困难、占地面积大、污染环境等一系列问题,而采用先将废液浓缩,然后用泵和管理将较浓的浆体送往渣场堆存的新方法,可使输送管径减少,电耗下降,还大大改善了堆场工作条件,增加了堆场贮存量,由于经济和社会效益都十分显著,对纯碱行业来说,这种处置方法具有重要的意义。     

浅谈国外铀尾矿库的退役治理

根据铀矿冶工业发展的状况，深入分析了国外铀尾矿库退役治理的经验教训，介绍了当前国外铀尾矿库的退役方针、治理原则、治理模式和治理技术，并结合我国的实际情况提出了有关的看法和建议。     

Legacy of Cyanide and ARD at a Low-Scale Gold Mine (Furtei, Italy)

A gold deposit was exploited from 1997 to 2003 at Furtei, Sardinia (Italy). Gold and silver were recovered from oxidized ores by cyanidation; copper concentrates were separated from the sulfide ores by flotation. Following unplanned closure, sulfide-rich materials derived from mining and processing residues were left on site. During operation, cyanide solutions were disposed of in a tailings impoundment. The cyanide underwent natural degradation so that by 2011, cyanide concentrations in the tailings impoundment and seeps were below the Italian limit for industrial effluents. However, during the rainy season, sulfide-rich materials in the waste rock dumps produce extreme acidic solutions and concentrations of some dissolved contaminants, especially ammonium, aluminum, arsenic, copper, iron and manganese, still exceed discharge criteria in the tailings impoundment and seeps. Highly contaminated drainage flows downstream from the mine and poses a hazard to agricultural areas.     

防渗墙施工工序对墙体应力变形影响规律的研究

结合实际工程,采用非线性有限单元法,开展深覆盖层混凝土面板堆石坝防渗墙应力变形性状研究,分别对比分析3种不同施工工序情况下防渗墙在竣工期和蓄水期应力变形性状,总结出防渗墙的相关应力变形规律,并给出了相应工程建议,具有较为重要的学术意义与工程应用价值。     

某铀尾矿库黄土状粉土地基抗液化处理

液化破坏是地震区水工建筑物造成失事的主要原因之一。介绍了排水减压措施在某铀尾矿库黄土状粉土地基抗液化处理中的应用及处理效果。