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新型反应介质中脂肪酶催化多种油脂制备生物柴油 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
用叔丁醇作为反应介质,利用固定化脂肪酶催化油脂原料甲醇醇解反应制备生物柴油,消除了甲醇和甘油对酶的负面影响,酶的使用寿命显著延长. 用菜籽油作原料,叔丁醇和油脂的体积比为1:1,甲醇与油脂的摩尔比为4:1,3%的Lipozyme TLIM和1%的Novozym 435结合使用,35℃下130 r/min反应12 h,生物柴油得率可达95%. 该工艺在200 kg/d的规模下制得的生物柴油产品完全满足美国和德国生物柴油标准,脂肪酶重复使用200批次,酶活性基本没有下降. 且在叔丁醇介质体系中大豆油、桐籽油、棉籽油、乌桕油、泔水油、地沟油和酸化油都能被有效转化成生物柴油且脂肪酶保持很好的稳定性. 相似文献
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固定化脂肪酶催化制备香叶树籽生物柴油研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了Novozym 435和Lipozyme TLIM混合脂肪酶催化香叶树籽油制备生物柴油,2种酶按1:3质量比混合使用时,既可提高反应转化率,又可降低酶的使用成本.应用响应面优化法确定了固定化酶催化香叶树籽生物柴油的最优工艺参数,采用叔丁醇作为反应体系的溶剂,最优反应条件为反应温度38.5℃、甲醇与油摩尔比4:1、叔丁醇与油体积比1:1.5、酶用量为油质量的4%,此时反应转化率达90.09%.分析表明香叶树籽油的甘油三酯主要由短链脂肪酸甘油酯组成,生物柴油中原油的甘油三酯已完全转变成脂肪酸甲酯. 相似文献
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乌桕梓油脂肪酸组成分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
乌柏是我国四大木本油料之一,种子含油量高,乌桕梓油是由种仁榨取所得的液体油脂,是轻工业、食品和国防等行业的重要油源。乌桕梓油甲酯化后,利用100 m×0.25 mm的GC毛细管柱,气相色谱法测定乌桕梓油的脂肪酸组成。测定结果表明:乌桕梓油中饱和脂肪酸占10.68%,以棕榈酸含量最高,占7.52%。不饱和脂肪酸占89.13%,单不饱和脂肪酸占18.63%,以油酸含量最高,占14.55%;多不饱和脂肪酸占70.50%;其中含量最高的为人体所必需的脂肪酸亚油酸和α-亚麻酸,分别占30.77%和39.30%。还含有相当数量天然植物中少有的奇数碳原子脂肪酸十一烷酸,占0.29%。其中月桂烯酸(占3.19%)和十一烷酸未见报道。 相似文献
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具协同催化效应的毕赤酵母全细胞催化生物柴油制备 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以表面共展示具协同催化效应的南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(Candida antarctica lipase B,CALB)与嗜热丝孢菌脂肪酶(Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase,TLL)重组毕赤酵母全细胞作为催化剂催化生物柴油制备,考察了生物柴油制备条件,并进行了初步优化。结果表明,共展示CALB与TLL脂肪酶毕赤酵母全细胞在叔丁醇介质体系中可有效催化生物柴油制备。冻干酵母细胞量0.31 g/g油,醇油摩尔比4∶1,温度35℃,反应36 h,生物柴油得率达86.25%。 相似文献
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梓油俗称青油,是优良的干性油。盛产于我国长江流域及南方各省。它是由乌桕子核榨得。乌桕子表面有一层白皮,可榨出含饱和脂肪酸为主的桕油,又称皮油,不能用于制漆。乌桕子核榨出的梓油碘价高达170,它的优点是干性好,含磷脂及胶质少。梓油不可食用,可以代替亚麻仁油、豆油等食用油生产油漆,避免与人争油。因此梓油大量应用于涂料工业和油墨工业。梓油的脂肪酸组成中主要为:亚麻酸40%、豆油酸25~30%、油酸20%、癸二烯—[2,4]— 相似文献
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用叔丁醇作为反应介质,利用固定化脂肪酶催化油脂原料甲醇解反应制备生物柴油,消除了甲醇和甘油对酶的负面影响,酶的使用寿命显著延长,进一步系统研究了以叔丁醇作为反应介质,磷脂及水含量对脂肪酶催化特性的影响。当体系中中含水量达2%以上或磷脂含量达0.1%油重时将对固定化脂肪酶LipozymeIM TL 和Novozym 435的催化活性造成明显的不利影响。同时还发现把脂肪酶LipozymeIM TL 和 1%Novozym 435混合起来能大大提高脂肪酶的耐水、耐磷脂能力。 相似文献
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In the present investigation an attempt has been made to use waste tallow as low cost sustainable potential feed stock for biodiesel production. Effect of various process parameters such as amount of catalyst, temperature and time on biodiesel production was investigated. The optimal conditions for processing 5 g of tallow were: temperature, 50 and 60 °C; oil/methanol molar ratio 1:30 and 1:30, amount of H2SO4, 1.25 and 2.5 g for chicken and mutton tallow, respectively. Under optimal conditions, chicken and mutton fat methyl esters formation of 99.01 ± 0.71% and 93.21 ± 5.07%, was obtained after 24 h in the presence of acid. The evaluation of transesterification process was followed by gas chromatographic analysis of tallow fatty acid esters. A total of 98.29% and 97.25% fatty acids were identified in chicken and mutton fats, respectively. Both fats were found highly suitable to produce biodiesel with recommended fuel properties. 相似文献
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Activated carbon was obtained by hydrothermal process using rice husk as raw materials. The study in our lab had been developed to produce high-quality biodiesel from soybean oil with the activated carbon-base catalyst. The polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) modified calcium loaded on the rice husk activated carbon (CaO/AC) catalyst was prepared via the dipping method and then was used as a heterogeneous solid-base catalyst to produce biodiesel. The effects of CaO/AC ratio and calcination time on catalytic performance were researched according to the yield of biodiesel, and the optimum reaction conditions for biodiesel from soybean oil via PEG 400–modified CaO/AC catalyst were evaluated. The results showed that the yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) achieved 93.01% at the reaction temperature of 342 K, methanol/oil molar ratio of 10:1, and reaction time of 6 h. All in all, modified CaO/AC catalyst showed very high activity for transesterification of soybean oil and had catalytic repeated availability. 相似文献
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In the present paper, rubber seed oil (RSO) has been investigated as a potential source for biodiesel production in Bangladesh. Rubber seed oil has been extracted from the rubber seeds collected from the local garden. Different methods have been applied for the oil extraction, such as mechanical press with and without solvent and cold percolation. Maximum oil content of 49% has been found by mechanical press with periodic addition of solvent. The physico-chemical properties of the oil have been investigated. Effect of seed storage time on free fatty acid (FFA) content of the oil is studied an it is found that the FFA content increases from 2 wt.% (fresh seed) to 45 wt.% after 2 months of storage at room temperature. Biodiesel has been prepared using a three-step method comprises with saponification of oil, acidification of the soap and esterification of FFA. Overall yield of FFA from RSO is found to be around 86%. The final step is esterification that produces fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The effect of methanol to oil ratio and catalyst content has been investigated for esterification reaction. 1H NMR spectrum of the RSO and biodiesel samples are analyzed which confirms the conversion of RSO to biodiesel. The biodiesel properties have been investigated and are found to be comparable with diesel. 相似文献
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Afsaneh Alishahi Mohammad-Taghi Golmakani Mehrdad Niakousari 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2021,123(9):2000377
Vegetable oil refinery waste containing acid oil is used as an inexpensive feedstock for producing biodiesel by microwave-assisted esterification (MAE) method. Effects of some main variables such as free fatty acid:methanol molar ratio (1:1, 1:5, and 1:10), reaction time (5, 30, and 60 min), and catalyst concentration (1%, 2%, and 3%) on physicochemical properties of produced biodiesel are investigated. Optimum reaction conditions of MAE are free fatty acid:methanol molar ratio of 1:10, reaction time of 60 min, and a catalyst concentration of 3%, while having 95.79% conversion yield. By increasing the conversion yield of the biodiesel, density and color brightness increase, while viscosity and refractive index decrease. There are no significant differences between physicochemical and heating properties of biodiesel produced by MAE and magnetic stirrer esterification (MSE) methods. Meanwhile, energy consumption of MAE method is almost four times lower than that of MSE. MAE as a promising alternative to the conventional esterification method can be considered as an energy-efficient method for producing biodiesel from inexpensive vegetable oil refinery waste. Practical applications : Acid oil is an inexpensive by-product of alkali refining in vegetable oil plants that would pollute the environment if not rendered safely. In this study, MAE is used to convert acid oil to biodiesel as a practical process for bringing alkali refining waste into production cycle. Acid oil can provide a reduction in the cost of biodiesel production. In addition, application of energy-efficient MAE method can facilitate the economical production of biodiesel. 相似文献
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Rafael Garcs Enrique Martínez‐Force Joaquín J. Salas Mnica Venegas‐Calern 《Lipid Technology》2009,21(4):79-82
The fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of a vegetable oil determine its physical, chemical and nutritional properties. The applications of a specific oil depend mainly on its fatty acid composition and the way in which fatty acids are arranged in the glycerol backbone. Minor components, e. g. tocopherols, also modify oil properties such as thermo‐oxidative resistance. Sunflower seed commodity oils predominantly contain linoleic and oleic fatty acids with lower content of palmitic and stearic acids. High‐oleic sunflower oil, which can be considered as a commodity oil, has oleic acid up to around 90%. Additionally, new sunflower varieties with different fatty acids and tocopherols compositions have been selected. Due to these modifications sunflower oils possess new properties and are better adapted for direct home consumption, for the food industry, and for non‐food applications such as biolubricants and biodiesel production. 相似文献
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通过利用浓硫酸作催化剂对酸值较高的乌桕油进行预酯化。预酯化后的乌桕油与甲醇在氢氧化钾作为催化剂微波仪中进行酯交换反应得到脂肪酸甲酯,采用单因素实验的方法来研究酯交换反应的最优工艺条件,酯交换反应温度为60℃,反应时间为3min,催化剂KOH的用量为1.0%(油重),酯交换反应的转化率为98.87%。 相似文献