液质联用技术在油脂分析中应用

利用高效液相色谱可实现对油脂中甘油三酯分离,质谱可对其进行检测,两者联用(HPLC-MS)对油脂组成和结构分析提供非常好的途径。国外在这方面已做大量研究工作,该文对利用HPLC-MS分离和检测油脂中甘油三酯研究进行综述。     

甾醇组成分析结合化学计量学识别8种植物油脂北大核心CSCD

探讨了甾醇组成分析结合化学计量学识别植物油脂种类的可行性。从植物油脂中提取不皂化物,并经液相色谱分离,再经衍生化后通过气相色谱测定了8种植物油脂共21批样品的甾醇组成,并以15种甾醇组分的含量作为基础数据,进行聚类分析与主成分分析。结果表明,2种化学计量学方式对甾醇组成的分析结果基本一致,都可以对植物油脂进行识别分析。因此,化学计量学是植物油脂中的甾醇组成分析的有效方法,甾醇组成可作为植物油脂种类识别的测量指标之一。     

甾醇组成分析结合化学计量学识别8种植物油脂

探讨了甾醇组成分析结合化学计量学识别植物油脂种类的可行性。从植物油脂中提取不皂化物,并经液相色谱分离,再经衍生化后通过气相色谱测定了8种植物油脂共21批样品的甾醇组成,并以15种甾醇组分的含量作为基础数据,进行聚类分析与主成分分析。结果表明,2种化学计量学方式对甾醇组成的分析结果基本一致,都可以对植物油脂进行识别分析。因此,化学计量学是植物油脂中的甾醇组成分析的有效方法,甾醇组成可作为植物油脂种类识别的测量指标之一。     

HPLC用于天然油脂及甲酯的分析

本文采用高效液相色谱技术,分析了一些天然油脂及其脂肪酸甲酯,在常规反相色谱柱上获得了较好的结果,为深入研究油脂的组成、加脂剂的组成、结构以及与加脂性能的关系奠定了基础。     

液质联用分析常见植物油甘油三酯

采用高效液相色谱-串联飞行时间质谱法分析了常见植物油如大豆油、芝麻油、花生油、特级初榨橄榄油、葵花籽油、玉米油、油茶籽油、棉籽油和菜籽油的甘油三酯。结果显示每种植物油甘油三酯的种类和含量均不相同。该方法测定甘油三酯有效可行,可为甘油三酯结构信息研究及油脂掺伪鉴别提供基础支持。     

植物油脂脂肪酸组成及位置分布研究进展

天然甘油三酯很少含有三个相同酰化脂肪酸,而由多种不同脂肪酸组成。该文对天然植物油脂油样预处理技术和测定方法及手段进行综述,同时对甘油三酯脂肪酸位置分布与油脂理化性质关系进行分析。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法分析动物油脂种属特征

目的分析确定5种动物油脂的甘油三酯种属特征。方法采集5种常见动物油脂(猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭),用丙酮提取后直接进样分析,采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法(high performance liquid chromatographyevaporative light scattering method,HPLC-ELSD),色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为二氯甲烷-乙腈-冰乙酸(30:70:0.2,V/V/V),流速1.0 mL/min,柱温35℃,蒸发光散射检测器检测。结果在本文所优化的动物油脂高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射分析条件下,10种甘油三酯组分都能够得到有效分离,5种动物油脂的谱图数据特征性强,且有自己的特征峰,同种属动物油脂谱图相似性高。结论甘油三酯可以作为鉴定这5种动物油脂种属的依据,为市场打假及清真食品检验提供参考方法。     

中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯的研究进展

中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯作为一种高效消化吸收的结构脂质和控制脂肪吸收的低能油脂,不仅能够控制肥胖和降低血清胆固醇,还能够抑制或限制组织中的胆固醇沉积物.与普通植物油脂相比,中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯独特的理化性质和代谢途径使其具有特殊的营养价值、药用价值和生理功能.本文对中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯的理化性质、制备、代谢特征和生理功能等方面进行简要的概述,以期为中碳链脂肪酸甘油三酯在食品、医药和日用化工等领域的应用提供有益参考.     

高效液相色谱在分析油脂成分方面的应用

综述了高效液相色谱在分析测定油脂成分方面的应用。主要是从高效液相色谱与不同的检测器联用测定各种油脂成分的方面进行阐述,并介绍了在检测餐饮废油脂中的应用。高效液相色谱在鉴别废油脂方面有着广阔的前景。     

高效体积排阻色谱测定油脂中氧化甘油三酯聚合物

为了分析甘油三酯氧化产物——氧化甘油三酯及其聚合物的组分分布,研究了高效体积排阻色谱检测高相对分子质量聚合物的方法,建立了采用正相硅胶制备色谱预分离油脂中极性组分,极性组分以高效体积排阻色谱-示差折光检测器测定,标准相对分子质量聚苯乙烯定性,峰面积归一化法定量的检测方法.油脂中极性组分的典型色谱峰构成是:氧化甘油三酯寡聚合体、氧化甘油三酯二聚体、氧化甘油三酯单体、甘油二酯、游离脂肪酸等.以氧化甘油三酯聚合物鉴别地沟油等深度氧化劣变食用油具有良好的应用前景.     

高温加热对植物油脂品质的影响

本文对几种常见植物油（大豆油、花生油、菜籽油、芝麻油）进行微波加热和常规加热处理，然后测其酸价和过氧化物值，与未加热的样品进行比较；结合气相色谱法测定植物油的脂肪酸组成，考察了高温加热对植物油脂品质的影响。并研究了生育酚（ＶＥ）对油脂加热过程中品质的影响。实验结果表明：两种加热方法都会使植物油的酸价和过氧化物值升高，而微波加热条件下两指标的升高是常规加热条件下的两倍左右；ＶＥ对延缓植物油脂品质下降有一定的作用。     

Replacement of Beef Fat with Partially Hydrogenated Plant Oil in Lean Ground Beef Patties

Partially hydrogenated plant oils (corn, cottonseed, palm, peanut and soybean) were substituted (in part) for beef fat in lean (10% fat) ground beef patties to improve nutrient content of ground beef. Effects of such addition on composition and consumer acceptability were evaluated. Addition of hydrogenated plant oils had little effect on composition of raw or cooked patties. Those containing hydrogenated corn or palm oil were not different (P>0.05) from all-beef patties in cooking loss or overall acceptability. Therefore substitution of hydrogenated oils for beef fat in production of lean ground beef patties may be feasible.     

Plant oil bioconversion into increase biological activity through lipases derived from wastes

The aim of this study was to show that abundant and inexpensive plant oils can be biotransformed to increase biological activity (antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity) through hydrolysis reaction catalysed by lipases. We tested homemade and commercial lipases through the biotransformation of nine different plant oils in forty different combinations. First, the chemical composition of the samples was investigated. Thereafter, biological tests were conducted to assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the sampled biotransformation products, as well as analyzed their influence on the viability of healthy and cancer cells. Summarising, sunflower, corn and olive oils modified by orange waste-obtained lipases presented the most promising results, reaching up to 90% of antioxidant activity increase and significant growth inhibition of bacteria colonies belonging to genera Escherichia, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and Salmonella. In addition, those compounds affected human oral squamous carcinoma cells. The bioconversion of plant oils through lipases improves their biological properties and might be an option for biotechnological application.     

Essential Oils: Extraction,Bioactivities, and Their Uses for Food Preservation

Essential oils are concentrated liquids of complex mixtures of volatile compounds and can be extracted from several plant organs. Essential oils are a good source of several bioactive compounds, which possess antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. In addition, some essential oils have been used as medicine. Furthermore, the uses of essential oils have received increasing attention as the natural additives for the shelf‐life extension of food products, due to the risk in using synthetic preservatives. Essential oils can be incorporated into packaging, in which they can provide multifunctions termed “active or smart packaging.” Those essential oils are able to modify the matrix of packaging materials, thereby rendering the improved properties. This review covers up‐to‐date literatures on essential oils including sources, chemical composition, extraction methods, bioactivities, and their applications, particularly with the emphasis on preservation and the shelf‐life extension of food products.     

生物柴油原料中不皂化物和脂肪酸分析

旨在确定生物柴油原料的可利用性,以可作为生物柴油原料的木本植物油脂、餐饮废油和酸化油为研究对象,分析其不皂化物和脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明：棕榈油等7种木本植物油脂不皂化物含量低于1.10%,脂肪酸含量均高于91.50%,脂肪酸组成以油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸为主(除棕榈油外);餐饮废油的不皂化物含量变化较大,脂肪酸含量在83.99%～94.87%之间,大部分餐饮废油脂肪酸组成以亚油酸和亚麻酸为主;5种酸化油的脂肪酸含量在71.35%～92.05%之间,椰子酸化油饱和脂肪酸占比为80.06%,其他4种酸化油的脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸为主。综上,7种木本植物油脂是优良的生物柴油原料,餐饮废油和酸化油作为原料制备生物柴油时要严格控制其质量指标。     

植物精油对储藏物害虫防治作用的研究进展

植物精油属于芳香型植物次生代谢产物,从植物的种子、果实、根和叶片中提取,通过压榨或蒸馏等方式获得。植物精油成分复杂,一般包括醇醛类、酸类、酚类、丙酮类、萜烯类等。其用途及应用范围广泛,涉及日化、食品、医疗等行业,近年来应用于农业害虫防治领域的报道逐年增多。植物源杀虫剂相比于化学防虫优势明显,可克服化学杀虫剂造成的环境污染和害虫产生抗药性等诸多弊端。本文综述了植物精油在农业、食品、医疗、日化等行业中的应用现状,总结了部分精油提取技术的优缺点,重点关注植物精油及其制剂在仓储害虫防治领域的应用,通过精油对害虫的驱避、熏蒸、触杀、产卵抑制、种群抑制等方面的研究,以期为开发新型的绿色防虫剂提供参考和理论依据。     

植物油脂保健作用研究进展

本文对油脂中脂溶性成分的保健作用，油脂中的脂肪酸种类及构成对心血管疾病的影响以及果蔬植物油脂的防衰抗癌效果等方面的研究进展进行了比较系统的述评。提出生物膜的流动性和膜中脂溶性刚性物质和晶性物质的动态代谢强度和富积度是心血管疾病和细胞功能衰退、组织衰老的主要致因。因此，凡是改善生物膜的流动性和促进膜中脂溶性物质的扩散和代谢强度的天然食品成分，均可有效防治心血管疾病和具有防袁保健作用的假说。并建议采用量子生物化学方法研究油脂的构效关系。     

Bioefficacy of essential and vegetable oils of Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides seeds against Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the bioefficacy of essential and vegetable oils of Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides (Rutaceae) against Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The chemical composition of the essential oil and the fatty acid composition of the vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of Z. xanthoxyloides were determined. The insecticidal activities of these oils and the associated aromatized clay powder were evaluated against A. obtectus. Both oils were strongly repellent (100% repellency at 0.501 μl/cm2 essential oil and 3.144 μl/cm2 vegetable oil) and highly toxic (LC?? = 0.118 μl/cm2 for essential oil) to this beetle after contact on filter paper. The vapors of the essential oil were highly toxic to adult insects (LC?? = 0.044 μl/cm3), and the aromatized powder made from clay and essential oil was more toxic (LD?? = 0.137 μl/g) than the essential oil alone (LD?? = 0.193 μl/g) after 2 days of exposure on a common bean. Both oils greatly reduced the F? insect production and bean weight loss and did not adversely affect the bean seed viability. In general, the results obtained indicate that these plant oils can be used for control of A. obtectus in stored beans.     

植物精油对真菌微生物抑制作用的研究进展

随着消费者对绿色产品的要求越来越高,人们开始考虑用天然植物精油作为抑菌剂代替化学合成杀菌剂。精油是从植物中分离的天然杀菌剂,具有对抗多种病原微生物的活性,在抑制真菌病害和减少真菌毒素积累方面具有较好的功效,逐渐被广泛应用于食品防腐保鲜、化妆品、医药等领域。该文综述了不同植物精油的化学组成和抑菌作用,分析了植物精油的抑菌机制,最后讨论了植物精油作为抑菌防霉剂的应用及研究进展,以期为探寻安全的天然抑菌剂提供参考。     

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Iranian Herbs Against Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Milk

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from three endemic plants including, Thymus daenensis Celak, Dracocephalum multicaule Montbr & Auch., Satureja bachtiarica Bunge and one native plant, Tanacetum polycephalum Schultz-Bip were determined. Volatile oils analyzed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The in-vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion and micro-dilution assays. The results revealed distinct differences in the compounds depending on sample plant. Among the plant species screened, essential oils of S. bachtiarica and T. daenensis showed highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.