水平管道气液两相段塞流参数计算的精确模型

分析了水平管内气液两相段塞流的运动特性和形态特征以及段塞单元内部的速度分布规律,建立了水平管路气液两相段塞单元的物理模型。将一个完整的段塞流单元分为液相段塞区和液层/气泡区,建立了液相段塞区的质量和动量守恒方程,计算了其压降和持液率;对液层区,模型考虑液层厚度分布不均(坡状液层)对参数计算的影响,通过建立局部控制方程,推导了液层高度随流动方向坐标变化的表达式,并将持液率和湿周写成液层高度的函数。通过与实验和其他模型的计算结果对比,本文建立的模型可以对压降和持液率有更准确的预测结果。     

气液界面摩擦因子对分层流向段塞流过渡的影响

根据气液两相流段塞稳定性理论,结合分层流理想化模型,对直径2.54 cm水平管内空气-水两相流出现段塞流时的各相临界表观速度和临界液层高度进行了理论预测,并且分析了气液两相界面的摩擦因子对于预测流型转变的影响.由于在不同的气相流速范围内,段塞流由不同形式的界面波形成,当气相表观速度小于 4 m(s(1时,由大振幅波形成段塞流,而当气相表观速度大于 4 m(s(1,段塞流由小波长的滚动波合并而成,因而根据实测数据对界面摩擦因子的计算进行了补充修正,并且应用到对应的气相流速范围.基于所给出的计算方法解得发生分层流向段塞流转变的临界表观速度和临界液层高度,并和实验数据进行了比较. 结果表明所做的修正可以避免以往理论预测中出现的低估情况,求得的各临界特征参数值和实验结果吻合得较好.     

气液速度对智能倾斜管道内段塞流影响的数值模拟研究

采用数值计算的方法,基于多相流模型,建立了倾斜管路段塞流流动过程计算模型,系统对管路内气液两相段塞流的发生过程进行了研究。通过多工况下倾斜管路段塞流流动过程数值计算,系统地分析了气液两相混合速度对段塞流形成机理的影响。得到了气液界面的扰动现象与混合速度的相关关系,通过气液分布相图对段塞流流场进行分析,总结了段塞流发生时混合速度变化情况。进一步基于数字信号理论,进行解析和数值计算,得到段塞流在不同条件、不同时期的功率谱密度函数特征,并利用段塞流功率谱密度演化特征,实现不同速度条件下段塞流流型的合理识别。研究成果有助于实现不同速度条件下段塞流流场的科学计算分析,补充并完善段塞流流型的识别方法,并为考虑段塞流的智能管道工艺设计提供科学参考。     

基于行波法的段塞流瞬态捕捉模型建立与验证

气液两相流中,准确预测段塞流的特征参数具有重要的现实意义。Renault模型是基于非黏性Kelvin-Helmholtz（IKH）稳定性准则与黏性Kelvin-Helmholtz（VKH）稳定性准则建立的能够捕捉段塞前后界面运动的双流体模型,但该模型在液相单元格之间采用Riemann精确解,求解速度较慢。为简化计算,本文将行波法引入到Renault模型的液相方程求解过程,并对可能出现的干区用薄液膜代替,使行波法适用于所有计算单元,在保证模型精度的条件下,极大地提高了计算速度,运算时间相比Renault模型平均减少28%。对比本模型计算结果与室内小型环道实验数据,持液率与实测结果相一致,压降、段塞长度计算相对误差分别在25%、30%以内,且主要分布在20%以内。说明本文改进的瞬态段塞流模型具备运算快速、计算精度较高的特点,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

地形起伏管路气液两相段塞流模型研究

段塞流是气液两相流动中的一种常见流型,由于地形原因,管路多处于起伏状态,而目前国内外对起伏诱发的气液两相管路段塞流研究尚不成熟。针对实际气液两相管路中频繁出现的地形起伏段塞流,首先利用历史数据对现有段塞流模型的适用性进行了比较,建立了地形起伏状态下段塞流的液塞追踪修正模型,最后利用FLUENT软件进行了模拟,研究了管路起伏诱发状况对段塞流段塞分布、拐角处持液率、液塞长度和压降的影响,并将模拟压降与计算压降进行对比,结果表明建立的模型具有一定的精度,对于实际的地形起伏诱发段塞流管道的安全高效运行有一定的指导意义。     

基于文丘里管的页岩气试采期段塞流测量补偿方法

为探索页岩气段塞流气液两相流量的测量方法,以Chisholm模型为基础,利用量纲分析法建立了文丘里湿气虚高模型和液相求解方法,并用其预测段塞流液膜区的气液相流量测量。同时,假设段塞流的液塞区为均相流,基于段塞流闭合模型和文丘里均相流模型,建立了液塞区气液相流量与液膜区气相流量的关系。提出利用一种以管道压力信号、文丘里收缩段与扩张段差压信号判断液塞来临的新方法,并加入逻辑回归法提升对液塞来临判断的准确性。在间歇性段塞流某页岩气平台井口进行了19 d的在线测试比对,结果表明,与大型气液计量分离器相比,文丘里湿气测量系统在加入了段塞流补偿方法后,气相测量19 d累计偏差从14%改善至1.08%,液相累计偏差从-57%改善至-11%。     

弯管中段塞流的研究现状

气液两相段塞流是液塞和长气泡在时间和空间上的交替,是一种不稳定流,在油气混输中经常遇到的流型,其对管道、管件及下游设备和安全生产造成隐患。本文介绍了段塞流研究现状,对于弯管中段塞流的研究方法—实验研究和数值模拟及其研究过程做了着重的介绍,并提出两种方法现在存在的问题和不足。这样对于弯管中段塞流产生的机理及流动特性的研究有一定的帮助。     

浅谈水平管与弯管中段塞流的现状特性

文章描述了段塞流的产生机理,以及在油气田工程中段塞流引起的危害。详细的描述了目前国内外对于在水平管内段塞流产生的机理以及特性的研究。对于此类研究已有较多的文献可供查阅;而水平弯管中的段塞流的研究在这些方面还有不足,需要通过数值模拟和实验法得到提高和完善。     

基于段塞流的通用气液两相流模型的建立与验证

气液两相混输流动中,由于段塞流与其他流型均有联系,从段塞流出发建立模型可以使不同流型下的计算模型得到统一。基于段塞流建立气液两相流动量方程和连续性方程,完善模型对气泡和液滴夹带的处理。建立模型的闭合关系式,对关键参数(壁面及气液相间水力摩阻系数、液塞平移速度、平均液塞长度)的计算闭合关系式进行优选,得到适用于模型的闭合关系式,同时,对液滴和气泡的夹带给出夹带条件及相关参数计算式,最终建立基于段塞流的通用气液两相流模型。使用3组不同来源的实验数据验证了模型计算压降和持液率的准确性,实验数据分别来自中国石油大学(华东)、大庆油田实验基地的气液两相流实验以及国外研究人员的实验研究,包含各个气液流型。模型具有较高的计算精度,优于未经关系式完善和优化的原始模型,大部分压降及持液率参数的计算误差在±15%以内。     

指状分离器段塞流液塞耗散效果研究

为确定一种能有效耗散段塞流液塞的指状分离器结构,在使用包含液塞发生器的气液两相流试验系统的基础上,利用电导探针数采程序和摄像分析技术,试验研究了不同表观气速下各初始长度段塞流液塞在不同指状分离器结构中的耗散过程和耗散效果.结果表明:入口连通气管的结构能分流段塞流液塞,减小液塞动能,有利于液塞耗散;立管加高结构能改善气相...     

垂直上升气液两相弹状流模型

基于等效弹单元思想,改进了预测垂直上升管中充分发展气液弹状流流动特性的模型。 模型中考虑了界面切应力对液膜运动的影响;并在液弹空隙度预测中引入临界气体夹带速度的概念,以此来描述弹状流中大气泡尾部的混合特性。本文提出的模型还考虑了管径对液弹空隙度的影响。弹状流模型的计算结果得到本文及其他作者实验数据的验证。     

水平管内气液段塞流液塞长度发展规律的实验和模拟研究

In petroleum industry, the slug flow is a fre-quently encountered flow regime in multiphase flowpipeline. For pipeline designers, the liquid slug lengthdistribution is important for the proper design ofdownstream facilities, such as slug catcher and sepa-ration system. However, for its transient and unsteadynature, it is a great challenge for engineers to correctlypredict the flow parameters of slug flow, especiallythe maximum liquid slug length. The unit cell model for slug flow in horizontal…     

垂直及倾斜上升管内气液两相弹状流壁面切应力的模拟

用VOF模型对垂直及倾斜上升管内弹状流壁面切应力进行数值模拟。计算结果表明,垂直上升流动时,液膜厚度始终小于对应位置倾斜上升弹状流的液膜厚度,壁面切应力从气弹头部至尾部逐渐增大至恒定不变,在尾流区呈杂乱无章状态。倾斜上升流动时,气泡头部顶点偏向管中心线上方,倾角越小,相同轴向位置处测得的液膜厚度越大。当FrTB较小时,倾斜管内弹状流上管壁面的切应力曲线在液膜区有明显波动,而下管壁面在对应区域的切应力分布则比较光滑。随着FrTB的增大,上下壁面切应力分布曲线越来越靠近。     

用统计方法研究未充分发展弹状流动

在一内径19 mm、长2 m的垂直有机玻璃管内,采用自制的电导探针对未充分发展的气-液二相弹状流中的弹状气泡上升速度、液塞上升速度、弹状气泡长度和液塞长度进行了测量。得到了各自随表观气速或表观液速的变化规律。结果表明:在未充分发展的弹状流状态下,弹状气泡的上升速度略高于液塞的上升速度:弹状气泡长度随表观气速的增大而增大,随表观液速的增大而减小。文章对弹状气泡长度进行了统计分析。未充分发展弹状流中弹状气泡长度符合正态分布律。     

Hydrodynamics and local mass transfer characterization under gas–liquid–liquid slug flow in a rectangular microchannel

Gas–liquid–liquid three-phase slug flow was generated in a glass microreactor with rectangular microchannel, where aqueous slugs were distinguished by relative positions to air bubbles and organic droplets. Oxygen from bubbles reacted with resazurin in slugs, leading to prominent color changes, which was used to quantify mass transfer performance. The development of slug length indicated a film flow through the corner between bubbles and the channel wall, where the aqueous phase was saturated with oxygen transferred from bubble body. This film flow results in the highest equivalent oxygen concentration within the slug led by a bubble and followed by a droplet. The three-phase slug flow subregime with alternate bubble and droplet was found to benefit the overall mass transfer performance most. These results provide insights into a precise manipulation of gas–liquid–liquid slug flow in microreactors and the relevant mass transfer behavior thereof.     

BUBBLE AND SLUG FLOW AT MICROGRAVITY CONDITIONS: STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND OPEN QUESTIONS

Based on the experiments carried out over the past decade at microgravity conditions, an overview of our current knowledge of bubbly and slug flows is presented. The transition from bubble to slug flow, the void fraction and the pressure drop are discussed from the data collected in the literature. The transition from bubble to slug flow may be predicted by introducing a critical void fraction that depends on the fluid properties and the pipe diameter: however, the role of coalescence which controls this transition is not clearly understood. The void fraction may be accurately calculated using a drift-flux model: it is shown from local measurements that the drift of the gas with respect to the mixture is due to the non uniform radial distribution of void fraction. The pressuredrop happens to be controlled by the liquid flow for bubbly flow whereas for slug flow the experimental results show that pressure drops is larger than expected. From this study, the guidelines for future research in microgravity are given.     

A simple mechanism of bubble and slug formation in Taylor flow in microchannels

A simple mechanism is proposed to explain and predict the bubble and slug lengths in Taylor (slug) flow in microchannels. The results obtained using the proposed approach are in good agreement with a correlation based on numerical experiments [Qian, D. and Lawal, A., 2006, Numerical study on gas and liquid slugs for Taylor flow in a T-junction microchannel. Chem Eng Sci, 80: 7609–7625] and available experimental data.     

Aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol in a slug flow microreactor: Influence of liquid film wetting on mass transfer

Homogeneous Co/Mn/Br catalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol in acetic acid to benzaldehyde was performed in polytetrafluoroethylene microreactors operated under slug flow at temperatures up to 150°C and pressures up to 5 bar. Depending on the bubble velocity and length, a wetted or dewetted slug flow was observed, characterized typically by a complete or partially wetting liquid film around the bubble body. The latter flow suffered from a limited interfacial area for mass transfer. Experiments at temperatures up to ca. 90°C were under kinetic control given no product yield difference under wetted and dewetted slug flows and were used to establish a simplified kinetic expression (first order in benzyl alcohol and zero order in oxygen). This allows to develop a mass transfer model combined with an instantaneous reaction regime that well described the experimental results at higher temperatures where mass transfer was limiting in the dewetted slug flow.     

Hydrodynamic characteristics of gas-liquid slug flow in a downward inclined pipe

Gas-liquid slug flow in a downward inclined pipe was studied experimentally by employing a wire-mesh sensor that enables quantitative measurements of the cross-sectional void fraction distribution. Processing of the wire-mesh sensor data was applied to carry out a statistical analysis of characteristic parameters of downward slug flow, such as bubble and liquid slug length distributions, as well as to determine the ensemble-averaged shapes of the bubble nose, liquid film and bubble tail. It was found that the pipe inclination affects mainly the bubble length, while variation in the gas flow rate affects both bubble and slug length. The bubble nose shape is more sensitive to the flow conditions than the bubble tail. The 3D structure of an elongated bubble in downward slug flow was reconstructed from the wire-mesh sensor data.