金属纤维燃烧器在中餐燃气炒菜灶的应用

分析了金属纤维燃烧器的技术特点，将金属纤维燃烧器应用到中餐燃气炒菜灶上，热效率可提高117%，CO和NOx排放的体积分烽可减少90%以上。     

新型多通道煤粉燃烧器污染物产生量的研究

利用先进的CFD技术模拟了新型多通道煤粉燃烧器在窑内的燃烧睛况，根据结果分析燃烧过程中污染物的排放情况，研究结论是：将4％～6％的一次风由旋风道12个孔喷出，剩余风量由12个直风道喷出，能减少一次风量降低能耗；设计旋风道偏转25^o，提高旋风道喷出速度到160m／s，直风道速度到240m／s，使CO2、CO、NOx、SO2生成在旋流区，同时达到减少排放的目的。     

旋流燃烧器出口浓度场的冷态试验研究

以加热空气模拟燃气,根据热平衡原理,考察旋流对燃烧器出口处燃气浓度场的影响。主要对两种不同形式的旋流器在不同工况下进行了冷态试验研究,认为平板式斜开缝旋流器具有更强的混合作用。     

后混式鼓风旋流燃烧器的设计

介绍了一种新型扩散式燃烧器－后混式鼓风旋流燃烧器的原理、结构、特征及有关设计参数的选取,列举了有关实验数据。     

欧洲全自动鼓风式燃气燃烧器NOx排放标准浅析

本文针对1997欧洲标准EN676和2000欧洲标准草案prEN676,对全自动鼓风式燃气燃烧器的NOX排放标准进行对比分析,并阐述了我国及早制定相关标准的重要性和必要性。     

民用煤气灶轻型旋流燃烧器的研究

本文介绍了一种新型民用煤气灶燃烧器，特点是应用射流附壁原理，产生旋转射流，简化了燃烧器结构，减轻了燃烧器重量，并对该燃烧器原理、结构、设计参数及试验效果等进行了系统的研究和论述。     

旋流燃烧器脱火极限的试验研究

本文从实验和理论两个方面讨论了旋流强度对工业燃烧器脱火极限的影响，并给出了不同旋流强度下的脱火极限图。     

低压引射式燃气燃烧器适应性的研究

提出燃气燃烧器对变换气种的适应性,并对低压引射式燃烧器进行研究。为提高适应性,应用计算机对五种措施进行模拟解析,获得有效方法。     

家用燃气灶旋流燃烧器的设计分析

分析了家用燃气灶旋流式燃烧器的原理,并介绍其设计原则。     

煤气火嘴调整与烧结工艺控制

在烧结砖生产工艺中,以可燃气体燃烧提供外燃热源的燃气烧嘴,从点火方式上主要分为两种:一种是自身具备点火装置的电子烧嘴;另一种是靠外部环境提供点火条件的机械烧嘴.     

隧道窑煤气烧嘴调整与烧结质量控制

根据烧嘴的类型、运行特点和烧结过程中常见的质量缺陷,分析产生缺陷的原因,提出相应的工艺调整措施;结合烧结制度与产品性能的关系,探讨制定烧结制度的思路。     

煤气烧嘴调整与烧结质量控制

本文根据烧嘴的类型、运行特点和烧结过程中常见的质量缺陷，分析产生缺陷的原因，提出相应的工艺调整措施；结合烧结制度与产品性能的关系，探讨制定烧结制度的思路。     

Greenhouse gas emissions in building construction: A case study of One Peking in Hong Kong

The construction of buildings has a very important impact on the environment, and the process of manufacturing and transporting of building materials, and installing and constructing of buildings consumes great energy and emits large quantity of greenhouse gas (GHG). The present paper defines four sources of GHG emissions in building construction, which are: manufacture and transportation of building materials; energy consumption of construction equipment; energy consumption for processing resources; and disposal of construction waste, and then establishes the calculation method of GHG emissions. This paper presents a case study of GHG emissions in building construction in Hong Kong. The results show that 82–87% of the total GHG emissions are from the embodied GHG emissions of building materials, 6–8% are from the transportation of building materials, and 6–9% are due to the energy consumption of construction equipment. The results also indicate that embodied GHG emissions of concrete and reinforced steel account for 94–95% of those of all building materials, and thus the use of recycled building materials, especially reinforced steel, would decrease the GHG emissions by a considerable amount.     

Eonomic valuation of greenhouse gas emissions reduction

Climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions has been at the forefront of current research efforts in the past decade. The aim of these efforts was defined at the earth summit in Rio de Janeiro as achieving “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climatic system”. With on‐going demographic and economic growth, stabilization of greenhouse gas emissions requires firm commitment from all countries to mitigate their emission increase often at the expense of economic growth. However, the economic and social costs of mitigating climate change are, for most countries, less than the costs of adverse impacts associated with the predicted change in climate patterns. This paper evaluates the current and future contribution of Lebanon to global greenhouse gas emissions. Mitigation options with positive or minor economic impacts are investigated. Attainable levels of emission reduction are first estimated. An economic valuation of mitigation measures associated with these levels is then performed. Reasonable emission reductions at negative costs are found to be feasible due to existing inefficiencies in the energy and industry sectors.     

A model of greenhouse gas emissions from the management of turf on two golf courses

An estimated 32,000 golf courses worldwide (approximately 25,600 km²), provide ecosystem goods and services and support an industry contributing over $124 billion globally. Golf courses can impact positively on local biodiversity however their role in the global carbon cycle is not clearly understood. To explore this relationship, the balance between plant-soil system sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions from turf management on golf courses was modelled. Input data were derived from published studies of emissions from agriculture and turfgrass management. Two UK case studies of golf course type were used, a Links course (coastal, medium intensity management, within coastal dune grasses) and a Parkland course (inland, high intensity management, within woodland).Playing surfaces of both golf courses were marginal net sources of greenhouse gas emissions due to maintenance (Links − 2.2 ± 0.4 Mg CO₂e ha^− 1 y^− 1; Parkland − 2.0 ± 0.4 Mg CO₂e ha^− 1 y^− 1). A significant proportion of emissions were from the use of nitrogen fertiliser, especially on tees and greens such that 3% of the golf course area contributed 16% of total greenhouse gas emissions. The area of trees on a golf course was important in determining whole-course emission balance. On the Parkland course, emissions from maintenance were offset by sequestration from turfgrass, and trees which comprised 48% of total area, resulting in a net balance of − 5.4 ± 0.9 Mg CO₂e ha^− 1 y^− 1. On the Links course, the proportion of trees was much lower (2%) and sequestration from links grassland resulted in a net balance of − 1.6 ± 0.3 Mg CO₂e ha^− 1 y^− 1. Recommendations for golf course management and design include the reduction of nitrogen fertiliser, improved operational efficiency when mowing, the inclusion of appropriate tree-planting and the scaling of component areas to maximise golf course sequestration capacity. The findings are transferrable to the management and design of urban parks and gardens, which range between fairways and greens in intensity of management.     

A model of greenhouse gas emissions from the management of turf on two golf courses

An estimated 32,000 golf courses worldwide (approximately 25,600 km²), provide ecosystem goods and services and support an industry contributing over $124 billion globally. Golf courses can impact positively on local biodiversity however their role in the global carbon cycle is not clearly understood. To explore this relationship, the balance between plant-soil system sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions from turf management on golf courses was modelled. Input data were derived from published studies of emissions from agriculture and turfgrass management. Two UK case studies of golf course type were used, a Links course (coastal, medium intensity management, within coastal dune grasses) and a Parkland course (inland, high intensity management, within woodland).Playing surfaces of both golf courses were marginal net sources of greenhouse gas emissions due to maintenance (Links 0.4 ± 0.1 Mg CO₂e ha^− 1 y^− 1; Parkland 0.7 ± 0.2 Mg CO₂e ha^− 1 y^− 1). A significant proportion of emissions were from the use of nitrogen fertiliser, especially on tees and greens such that 3% of the golf course area contributed 16% of total greenhouse gas emissions. The area of trees on a golf course was important in determining whole-course emission balance. On the Parkland course, emissions from maintenance were offset by sequestration from trees which comprised 48% of total area, resulting in a net balance of −4.3 ± 0.9 Mg CO_2e ha^− 1 y^− 1. On the Links course, the proportion of trees was much lower (2%) and sequestration from links grassland resulted in a net balance of 0.0 ± 0.2 Mg CO_2e ha^− 1 y^− 1. Recommendations for golf course management and design include the reduction of nitrogen fertiliser, improved operational efficiency when mowing, the inclusion of appropriate tree-planting and the scaling of component areas to maximise golf course sequestration capacity. The findings are transferrable to the management and design of urban parks and gardens, which range between fairways and greens in intensity of management.     

Characterization of the California technical bulletin 133 ignition source and a comparable gas burner

The California Bulletin (CB) 133 upholstery ignition source is based on the use of crumpled newsprint. The present work examined the reproducibility of several aspects of this source when placed on an inert chair mock-up. The tendency of this source to heat the side arms of a chair, the area of the seat back subjected to high heat fluxes, the peak flux there and the flux duration all showed substantial variability. For inherently lesser variability a gas burner is preferred. A gas burner, derived from that developed at the British Fire Research Station, was shaped so as to deposit a similar pattern of heat to that of the CB 133 source. The two sources were tested for comparability both on chair mock-ups and on full-scale chairs made from a wide variety of materials. The results indicate that the gas burner, as used here, is a somewhat less severe ignition source than is the CB 133 igniter.     

Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from sludge treatment wetlands

Constructed wetlands are nowadays successfully employed as an alternative technology for wastewater and sewage sludge treatment. In these systems organic matter and nutrients are transformed and removed by a variety of microbial reaction and gaseous compounds such as methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) may be released to the atmosphere. The aim of this work is to introduce a method to determine greenhouse gas emissions from sludge treatment wetlands (STW) and use the method in a full-scale system. Sampling and analysing techniques used to determine greenhouse gas emissions from croplands and natural wetlands were successfully adapted to the quantification of CH₄ and N₂O emissions from an STW. Gas emissions were measured using the static chamber technique in 9 points of the STW during 13 days. The spatial variation in the emission along the wetland did not follow some specific pattern found for the temporal variation in the fluxes. Emissions ranged from 10 to 5400 mgCH₄/m² d and from 20 to 950 mgN₂O/m² d, depending on the feeding events. The comparison between the CH₄ and N₂O emissions of different sludge management options shows that STW have the lowest atmospheric impact in terms of CO₂ equivalent emissions (Global warming potential with time horizon of 100 years): 17 kgCO₂eq/PE y for STW, 36 kgCO₂eq/PE y for centrifuge and 162 kgCO₂eq/PE y for untreated sludge transport, PE means Population Equivalent.