Effects of meridional flow passage shape on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers

During the process of designing the mixed-flow pump impeller, the meridional flow passage shape directly affects the obtained meridional flow field, which then has an influence on the three-dimensional impeller shape. However, the meridional flow passage shape is too complicated to be described by a simple formula for now. Therefore, reasonable parameter selection for the meridional flow passage is essential to the investigation. In order to explore the effects of the meridional flow passage shape on the impeller design and the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, the hub and shroud radius ratio (HSRR) of impeller and the outlet diffusion angle (ODA) of outlet zone are selected as the meridional flow passage parameters. 25 mixed-flow pump impellers, with specific speed of 496 under the design condition, are designed with various parameter combinations. Among these impellers, one with HSRR of 1.94 and ODA of 90° is selected to carry out the model test and the obtained experimental results are used to verify accuracies of the head and the hydraulic efficiency predicted by numerical simulation. Based on SIMPLE algorithm and standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model, the three-dimensional steady incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved and the effects of different parameters on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers are analyzed. The analysis results demonstrate that there are optimal values of HSRR and ODA available, so the hydraulic performance and the internal flow of mixed-flow pumps can be improved by selecting appropriate values for the meridional flow passage parameters. The research on these two parameters, HSRR and ODA, has further illustrated influences of the meridional flow passage shape on the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, and is beneficial to improving the design of the mixed-flow pump impeller.     

混流泵径向间隙对内部非定常流场影响的分析

采用调整混流泵径向间隙的方法,设计了蜗壳基圆直径为280、290、300mm的计算模型,并对其进行了定常和非定常计算.通过对3种模型进行非定常数值计算,得到了不同基圆直径混流泵的压力脉动特性并对其进行比较分析.结果表明:叶轮旋转时叶片和隔舌的动静干涉作用导致蜗壳近壁面各监测点的压力脉动具有明显的周期性;在相同流量下,径向间隙越小,监测点频域振幅越大;隔舌处监测点压力脉动幅度大于其他监测点幅度.对基圆直径为290mm的泵进行数值模拟与外特性试验研究,泵模拟效率为82.3%,试验效率为80%,模拟效率比试验效率高2.3%.对比两者结果可知:数值模拟的结果是可信的.     

Experimental study of the pressure fluctuations in a pump turbine at large partial flow conditions

Frequent shifts of output and operating mode require a pump turbine with excellent stability. Current researches show that large partial flow conditions in pump mode experience positive-slope phenomena with a large head drop. The pressure fluctuation at the positive slope is crucial to the pump turbine unit safety. The operating instabilities at large partial flow conditions for a pump turbine are analyzed. The hydraulic performance of a model pump turbine is tested with the pressure fluctuations measured at unstable operating points near a positive slope in the performance curve. The hydraulic performance tests show that there are two separated positive-slope regions for the pump turbine, with the flow discharge for the first positive slope from 0.85 to 0.91 times that at the maximum efficiency point. The amplitudes of the pressure fluctuations at these unstable large partial flow conditions near the first positive slope are much larger than those at stable operating condtions. A dominant frequency is measured at 0.2 times the impeller rotational frequency in the flow passage near the impeller exit, which is believed to be induced by the rotating stall in the flow passage of the wicket gates. The test results also show hysteresis with pressure fluctuations when the pump turbine is operated near the first positive slope. The hysteresis creates different pressure fluctuations for those operation points even though their flow rates and heads are similar respectively. The pressure fluctuation characteristics at large partial flow conditions obtained by the present study will be helpful for the safe operation of pumped storage units.     

Test investigation on hydraulic losses in the discharge passage of an axial-flow pump

In a discharge passage with a guide blade discharge circulation and secondary flow because of bend pipe, the flow in a 1-channel discharge passage of an axial flow pump is a complicated spiral flow. For a 2-channel passage, the discharge in the left channel is bigger than that in the right, and the passage hydraulic losses are abnormal. In this study, the section current energy of the passage is accurately measured and determined with a 5-hole probe. The hydraulic loss characteristics are determined and analyzed. The methods deducing the hydraulic losses are investigated. The results indicate that the passage hydraulic losses are not proportional to the flow discharge. Compared with a circular pipe, the hydraulic losses of a divergent discharge passage are smaller and the pump assembly efficiency is 10%–30% higher. As for the 1-channel passage, the axial-flow pump outlet circulation is usually too big; the passage hydraulic losses are also big, but a small circulation can slightly reduce hydraulic losses. As for the 2-channel passage, discharges in the two channels are not equal and the hydraulic losses increase. The outlet guide blade with a small discharge circulation or without circulation could reduce discharge passage hydraulic losses and increase pump assembly efficiency by 6%–11%. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2006, 42(5): 39–44 [译自: 机械工程学报]     

Structure influence on the operating limit range and mixing performance of non-axisymmetric jet pump

Although cavitation chocked jet pumps guarantee a steady and accurate liquid mixture, the existing pumps have the shortcomings of big energy loss and small cavitation working range. In the current study, aiming at enhancing the performance of the cavitation mixing devices, an innovative non-axisymmetric jet pump design is proposed. The cavitation characteristics and the mixing performance of the new design have been investigated by both computational simulation and experimental testing. Based on the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), it is found that the cavitation on the suction tube side is strengthened due to the turbulence caused by the abrupt change in the local flow channel structure, while the cavitation on the opposite side is weakened due to the gradual flow channel structure. Our experimental testing results prove that our new design can provide a steady mixing ratio as long as the non-axisymmetric vapor cloud steadily covers the suction tube outlet. Furthermore, geometric parameters (convergent angle, divergent angle, throat length and area ratio) of the device have been optimized through the orthogonal analysis. The critical pressure ratio of the optimized device ranges from 0.76 to 0.63 when the critical flow ratio is in the range of 0–10%, which indicates that the optimized device has much less energy loss and a wider working range than the current axisymmetric cavitating jet pumps. Through quantitative energy loss analysis, we have found that the cavitation maintenance corresponds to the greatest energy loss in the jet pumps, yet our non-axisymmetric structure design could effectively reduces energy loss. The current research reveals the physical mechanism on how a non-axisymmetric structure affects the cavitation characteristics as well as the performance of jet pumps.     

混流泵停机过程的瞬态水力特性分析研究

针对混流泵在不同转速下停机过程中的瞬态水力特性进行了试验研究,并对试验结果进行了讨论。介绍了用于瞬态水力性能测试的试验设备以及试验方法,不同转速下停机过程的瞬态水力特性,并尝试用三次多项式拟合的方法模拟停机过程的流量-扬程曲线。试验结果显示了在停机瞬间泵的流量和扬程迅速下降,管路能量亦急剧降低,但在这一过程中无噪音和气泡产生,由此提出了瞬态工作泵的停机阶段操作方法。同时,试验结果亦显示了三次多项式拟合曲线与实际测量曲线能基本符合。试验和计算结果可在瞬态工作特性方面为瞬态离心式水泵的设计和实际使用打下基础。     

Numerical simulation and experimental research on the influence of solid-phase characteristics on centrifugal pump performance

The law governing the movement of particles in the centrifugal pump channel is complicated; thus, it is difficult to examine the solid-liquid two-phase turbulent flow in the pump. Consequently, the solid-liquid two-phase pump is designed based only on the unary theory. However, the obvious variety of centrifugal-pump internal flow appears because of the existence of solid phase, thus changing pump performance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the flow characteristics of the solid-liquid two-phase pump. In the current paper, two-phase numerical simulation and centrifugal pump performance tests are carried out using different solid-particle diameters and two-phase mixture concentration conditions. Inner flow features are revealed by comparing the simulated and experimental results. The comparing results indicate that the influence of the solid-phase characteristics on centrifugal-pump performance is small when the flow rate is low, specifically when it is less than 2 m3/h. The maximum efficiency declines, and the best efficiency point tends toward the low flow-rate direction along with increasing solid-particle diameter and volume fraction, leading to reduced pump steady efficient range. The variation tendency of the pump head is basically consistent with that of the efficiency. The efficiency and head values of the two-phase mixture transportation are even larger than those of pure-water transportation under smaller particle diameter and volume fraction conditions at the low-flow-rate region. The change of the particle volume fraction has a greater effect on the pump performance than the change in the particle diameter. The experimental values are totally smaller than the simulated values. This research provides the theoretical foundation for the optimal design of centrifugal pump.     

深海悬浮物过滤薄膜过流能力与压力损失研究

专门设计了一种测量筒体内薄膜过流能力装置,指出在深海条件下影响取样器过滤薄膜过流能力和压力损失的因素,并在实验结果的基础上运用MATLAB对其进行了仿真研究,讨论了过流条件下试压泵等因素引起的管道流体压力脉动现象。     

Experimental study on two-way flow passages in pumping system

Based on the model test of pumping system with two-way flow passages, the flow characteristic and flow pattern in two-way outflow passage are specially observed and analyzed. The various schemes are compared by means of test and the measures for improving flow pattern in outflow passage are come up with by the authors. This research possesses reference value for pump selection and flow passages design of analogous pumping station. This paper was presented at the 9^th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery (AICFM9), Jeju, Korea, October 16–19, 2007.     

车用天然气瓶阀限流装置流量的分析与研究

介绍了车用压缩天然气瓶阀标准（GB17926-2009）和气瓶附件安全技术监察规程（TSG RF001-2009）对限流装置流量的规定。分析了限流装置用试验装置的实际测试过程并对其流阻进行了计算。提出了GB 17926-2009中限流装置的进出气口两端压差为10MPa,限流装置流量应不大于500ml/min条款的不合理性和修订标准的建议。     

冷气掺混对涡轮叶栅气动损失影响的试验研究

对某型涡轮平面叶栅,在不同的主流雷诺数下,以多种喷射方式和不同的流量比喷射冷气,研究型面压力分布及出口气流场参数的变化。试验结果表明,冷气入射对叶片表面静压分布几乎没有影响,只对冷气孔位置附近压力产生影响,相对来说,压力面入射冷气导致的变化小于吸力面。随进口马赫数升高,在相同的冷气流量比下流动总压降低。然而,在相同的马赫数下,随着冷气流量比增大,压力面入射跟吸力面入射导致的总压变化规律不一样。     

对转轴流泵的设计与数值分析

对转轴流泵是由2个叶轮串联在一起,以相反的方向绕同一轴心旋转的轴流泵.与常规前、后导叶式轴流泵相比,在同样设计参数条件下,对转式轴流泵具有相对体积小、运转速度低、抗空化性能好和推重比高等特点.为探究对转轴流泵的设计理论和方法,设计了一对转轴流泵的前、后置叶轮,应用Matlab软件实现参数化设计,搭建了自动分析优化平台,...     

变压变流液体泵的探讨与研究

多功能变流变压液体泵是一种特殊功能的液体泵。利用液压油缸,通过双杆活塞连接两个传送液体缸,通过这两个缸活塞的往复移动来输送液体。可制备不同尺寸缸以适应不同用途需要。同时通过液压元件,可调节压力和流量。液压缸往复运动自动循环,是由油缸内部增压缸和液控单向阀组合形成,构成具有多功能可变压变流的特种液体泵。     

基于性能退化数据的航空液压泵可靠性分析

针对某型号的国产航空柱塞式变量液压泵进行研究,探讨航空液压泵的主要故障模式、失效机理和退化参数,然后建立其加速模型,确定加速退化试验方案,在此基础上建立了基于加速退化试验数据的液压泵可靠性预测方法及步骤,并以具体的加速性能退化试验数据为例进行可靠性分析,得出预测的可靠度变化规律。     

新型容积式海(淡)水液压泵及其试验研究

介绍了一种新型容积式海(淡)水液压泵及其试验装置，且对该泵进行了全面的试验研究。经试验表明，该泵工作压力14MPa，流量为40L／min，容积效率在90％左右，总效率不低于75％，基本上满足了设计性能要求。     

A study on gas-liquid two-phase flow metering: Identification of flow dynamics that influence the performance of CMFs

Metering on gas-liquid two-phase flow is challenging even though the Coriolis Mass Flowmeters (CMFs) outperform most of other flow measurement technologies owing to their ability to directly measure the fluid mass flowrates. This is due to complexity of the dynamics of the gas-liquid two-phase flow. Thus, Coriolis Mass Flowmeters have been undergoing modifications to improve their accuracy on measuring complex flows but still the variation of error due to bubble entrainment and the mechanisms responsible of these errors remain less understood. Hence there is a strong need to conduct further characterization on the performance of CMFs on measurement on gas-liquid two-phase flow.This study aims to analyse the performance of a U-shape CMF on metering gas-liquid two-phase flow via both CFD simulation and experimental measurements. For simulation, a two-way coupling of Fluid-Structure Interaction was used to minimize the inaccuracy in simulation results. It has the ability to count on influences of fluid forces on the tube deformation and the reaction of the oscillating-fluid conveying tube to the overall dynamics of the system.The results show that at low nominal flowrates (NFRs), the flow/phases separation occurs and dominates the previously identified factors of errors such as bubble theory effect/friction damping effect and cause positive errors. The error associated with bubble theory effect or friction damping is negative i.e. the CMFs under-estimate the mass flowrates of the mixture. Our study, however, found negative errors only at high nominal mass flowrates. In addition, it is to be noted also that even though the theoretically predicted error due to mixture compressibility in some literatures could be positive, it is important to carry out further experimental and computational studies for analysis. In this study, it is observed that the oscillations of separated fluid phases amplify the amplitude of tube oscillation and hence leading to distortion of the displacements of the CMF tube. This could lead to up to 14.9% of positive error in CMFs’ measurements at the low nominal mass flowrates.It is believed that these results can serve as baselines for future studies on corrections and compensations of CMFs’ errors on measurement on gas entraining fluid flow encountered in fuel bunkering and LNG metering processes.     

采用流场分析提高涡轮流量传感器性能的研究

以10 mm口径液体涡轮流量传感器为研究对象,经过对传感器内部流场进行分析,提出通过减小靠近叶片顶端的叶片受力面积,提高传感器测量性能的方法。从对特性曲线的分析出发,结合传感器数学模型,提出了一种利用不同流量点的仪表系数平方差Δ(K~2)评价传感器性能的方法。在此基础上,结合CFD仿真和传感器样机实验测试,研究了不同叶轮叶片形状参数对传感器性能的影响。实验结果表明:改变叶轮叶片形状能有效提高传感器的测量性能,切角参数为0.25时,传感器性能最优;此方法同样适用于其他口径涡轮流量传感器结构的优化。     

涡旋液泵内部非稳态流场的数值模拟

采用动网格技术对涡旋液泵内的非稳态流动进行了数值模拟,得到了泵在各个转角下的压力、速度、空泡体积分数,以及进出口流量和监控点的压力参数。结果表明,涡旋液泵内的流动是一种非稳态、非均匀,非对称的流动。动静圈的啮合间隙处因大压差和小流通面积而存在高速射流现象,并在啮合间隙下游出现负压区和空化。泵进口位置的偏移和动盘对腔外流体的推动使左右两个吸液腔的流动不对称,将造成涡盘受力的不平衡。在吸液即将结束时,因涡旋液泵对液体的挤压作用,在大约20°的转角范围内,泵的工作腔内出现极大幅值的压力脉动,严重危害泵的安全可靠运行。     

螺旋式纸浆离心泵内部流动的数值模拟

为分析螺旋式纸浆离心泵内部流动状态,给优化过流部件结构的优化设计提供基础,采用CFD分析软件Fluent对螺旋式离心泵内部单相流动和固液两相流动进行了数值模拟。给出了螺旋式叶轮建模方法和流场分析方法,分析了泵内流体速度和压力的分布特性,并基于流动模拟结果预测了水力性能,单相输送条件下的计算结果与试验结果取得了较好的一致。通过对一定体积浓度和颗粒粒径下固液两相流的研究计算,分析了螺旋式离心泵叶片表面以及流道内的固液相分布状态,对螺旋式结构的优化具有一定的参考意义。     

通风机组合对过海地铁区间隧道通风能力影响的试验研究

基于工程现场参数,搭建了某过海地铁区间隧道物理模型.在该模型及其通风排烟系统上,针对双压和双压一抽的两种通风机组合,分别测得了通风机变频频率值及其电功消耗,同时,测得了排烟道与行车道的风速,以及行车道静压值.通过实测数据,发现左右双侧行车道静压均呈对称分布,其镜像面为吊顶排烟口,且与通风机组合无关.在双压的通风机组合下...